2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案第二編專題一第9講構(gòu)詞法（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）

第9講構(gòu)詞法(詞性轉(zhuǎn)換)單句語法填空單句寫作1.(2019·江蘇高考)Ithadexcitedwithinhimthe________(believe)hecouldwriteonelastsong.答案：belief根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)填believe的名詞形式belief。2.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Wearesoproudofher.It's________(wonder).答案：wonderful系動詞is后面跟形容詞作表語。3.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉).答案：strengthen根據(jù)句意“鍛煉是為了加強腿部肌肉”和不定式符號to可知，此處應(yīng)填動詞形式。4.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange.答案：actually修飾介詞短語應(yīng)用副詞形式。5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate).答案：education根據(jù)空格前的her(形容詞性物主代詞)可知，此處填名詞形式。1.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)令所有人感到驚訝的是，球進(jìn)網(wǎng)了。________________________，theballwentintothenet.答案：Toeveryone'ssurprise2.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)我想成為一名消防員，他們的制服看起來是那么的酷。Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniform________________________.答案：lookedsocool3.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)根據(jù)世界銀行的統(tǒng)計，中國占據(jù)了全球肥料消耗的大約30%。AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal________________________.答案：globalfertilizerconsumption4.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)最近的研究表明如果我們能有規(guī)律的短暫休息，那么我們在工作中的效率會高得多。Recentstudiesshowthatwearefar________________atworkifwetakeshortbreaks________.答案：moreproductive/effectiveregularly5.(2015·廣東高考)幸運的是，他也有一頭每天能產(chǎn)奶的奶牛。________，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.答案：Luckily/Fortunately考點1合成法1．復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式范例：silkworm蠶，classroom教室(名詞＋名詞)double-dealer兩面派(形容詞＋名詞)swimming-pool游泳池(v.－ing＋名詞)breakwater防波堤，pickpocket扒手(動詞＋名詞)handwriting筆跡(名詞＋v.－ing)get-together聯(lián)歡會，breakthrough突破(動詞＋副詞)downfall垮臺，outbreak爆發(fā)(副詞＋動詞)2．復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式范例：cold-blooded冷酷的(形容詞＋名詞＋-ed)high-class高級的(形容詞＋名詞)easy-going隨和的(形容詞＋v.-ing)newborn新生的(形容詞＋過去分詞)bitter-sweet甜中帶苦的(形容詞＋形容詞)time-consuming費時間的(名詞＋v.－ing)handmade手工制作的(名詞＋過去分詞)nationwide全國的(名詞＋形容詞)far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的(副詞＋v.－ing)well-bred很有教養(yǎng)的(副詞＋動詞過去分詞)five-year-old五周歲的(數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞)3．復(fù)合動詞的主要構(gòu)成方式范例：sleep-walk夢游(名詞＋動詞)overe克服(副詞＋動詞)blacklist將……列入黑名單(形容詞＋動詞)考點2轉(zhuǎn)化法名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞face臉—face面對形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞dirty臟的—dirty弄臟動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞design設(shè)計—design圖案形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞daily每日的—daily日報形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞deep深的—deep深深地考點3派生法1．前綴構(gòu)詞法前綴例詞dis-(不，否定)dissatisfy使不滿意；dishonest不誠實的un-(不)unable不能夠的；unlucky不幸的un-(做相反動作)undress脫衣服；unload卸貨in-(不，非)inactive不活躍的；incorrect不正確的im-(不，非)impolite沒有禮貌的ir-(不，非)irregular不規(guī)則的il-(不，非)illogical不合邏輯的；illegal非法的non-(不，非)non-existent不存在的mis-(錯誤的)misunderstand誤解；misfortune厄運re-(重復(fù)，再)rewrite重寫；remarry再婚en-(使)enrich豐富；enable使能夠ex-(以前的)ex-wife前妻post-(以后的)post-war戰(zhàn)后的；postgraduate研究生super-(在……上面；超級)supermarket超市；supermodel超級模特續(xù)表前綴例詞under-(在……之下)underestimate低估；underground地下的sub-(在……下；次于；低于)subway地鐵；submarine潛艇inter-(相互之間)international國際的；interact相互作用semi-(半)semi-final半決賽；semicircle半圓bi-(二)bicycle自行車tri-(三)tricycle三輪車；triangle三角形multi-(多)multinational跨國的kilo-(千)kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克centi-(厘；百分之一)centimetre厘米；centigram厘克milli-(毫；千分之一)millimetre毫米；milligram毫克tele-(遠(yuǎn))telephone；television電視a-(在……上/里；向……)aboard在船/火車/飛機上；ahead在前面；aside在旁邊；abroad在國外auto-(自動；自己，獨自)automobile機動車，汽車；autobiography自傳over-(太)overfull太滿的，過多的extra-(額外)extraordinary非凡的pre-(預(yù)先)predict預(yù)言；preview預(yù)習(xí)micro-(微小的)microphone麥克風(fēng)；microwave微波；microscope顯微鏡；microsoft微軟vice-(副的)vice-president副總統(tǒng)eco-(生態(tài)的)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)；ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；eco-friendly環(huán)保的trans-(橫跨)transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；transform轉(zhuǎn)變；transmit傳播；transplant移植2．后綴構(gòu)詞法(1)名詞后綴后綴例詞-age(狀態(tài)；集合)shortage缺少；marriage婚姻-an/-ian(人，……家)American美國人；musician音樂家-ence/-ency(構(gòu)成抽象名詞)dependence依靠；frequency頻率-ance(性質(zhì)，狀態(tài))importance重要性續(xù)表后綴例詞-ant/-ent(人)assistant助手；student學(xué)生-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(動作，狀態(tài))suspicion懷疑；tension緊張；repetition重復(fù)-ee(動作承受者或受影響者)employee受雇者；refugee難民-er/-or(人或物)writer作家；actor演員-ess(女性)actress女演員；waitress女服務(wù)員；hostess女主人-ism(主義，……教)munism共產(chǎn)主義-ist(……主義者，……家)munist共產(chǎn)主義者-ment(行為；結(jié)果；狀態(tài)；性質(zhì))argument爭論；government政府；development發(fā)展-ship(關(guān)系，身份)friendship友誼-hood(身份；性質(zhì))childhood童年-th(結(jié)果，過程)growth成長-ty(狀態(tài)；性質(zhì))anxiety焦慮-ure(結(jié)果；行為；狀態(tài)；實物)pressure壓力；picture圖畫；pleasure高興-al(動作過程；結(jié)果)arrival到達(dá)；approval同意(2)形容詞后綴-ablevaluable有價值的；lovable討人喜歡的-alnational國家的；continental大陸的續(xù)表-edlearned有學(xué)識的；talented有才華的-engolden金色的；wooden木制的-entdifferent不同的；dependent依賴的-fulbeautiful美麗的；useful有用的-ic/-icaleconomic經(jīng)濟的；political政治的-ishchildish幼稚的；selfish自私的-ivecreative有創(chuàng)造力的-lessuseless無用的；careless粗心的-lyfriendly友好的；deadly致命的-ousdangerous危險的；glorious光榮的-warddownward向下的-yrainy多雨的；noisy吵鬧的(3)動詞后綴后綴例詞-en(使變得)deepen加深-fy(使……化)simplify簡化-ize/-ise(使……變成……)modernize使現(xiàn)代化；industrialize使工業(yè)化(4)副詞后綴-ly為后綴carefully小心地；beautifully美麗地；quickly迅速地-ward(s)為后綴forward(s)向前；backward(s)向后誤區(qū)詞性的誤用(1)【誤】Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.Unfortunate,_Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.【正】Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.Unfortunately,_Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.[分析]修飾整個句子作狀語應(yīng)用副詞，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)表示“不幸的是”，故應(yīng)用Unfortunately。(2)【誤】You'dbettertakeaccountofyourableaccuratelybeforeattemptingtodosuchabusiness.【正】You'dbettertakeaccountofyourabilityaccuratelybeforeattemptingtodosuchabusiness.[分析]根據(jù)your可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞ability，表示“能力”。句意：你最好在嘗試做這筆生意前準(zhǔn)確地考慮一下自己的能力。(3)【誤】Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedombrave.【正】Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedombravely.[分析]修飾動詞fought應(yīng)用副詞，故應(yīng)用bravely。(4)【誤】ExcellentoralandwrittenmunicationskillsinChineseandEnglishareofimportant.【正】ExcellentoralandwrittenmunicationskillsinChineseandEnglishareofimportance.[分析]介詞之后要接名詞。beofimportance＝beimportant。(5)【誤】However,inthepastfewmonths,thesituationhasworseconsiderably.【正】However,inthepastfewmonths,thesituationhasworsenedconsiderably.[分析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句缺少謂語動詞，故用worsen表示“惡化”。句意：然而，在過去的幾個月，情況惡化得相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。1.單句語法填空①Therefore,let'stakethe________(responsible)tobuildupalow-carboncitybyridingbicycles.②Mypresenceissomethingtheycandrawreal________(strong)andhopefrom.③Fruitjuicescanbe________(harm)tochildren'steeth.④Mylittleboy,doyoufeelmore________(fort)nowthanbefore?⑤Ormaybeitwasjustthe________(gentle)blowingseabreezethatwouldblowthroughyourhair.⑥Lifeisa________(mix)ofgoodtimesandbadtimes,andhappymomentsandunhappymoments.⑦Headdedthatpeoplehavebeesousedtonotshowingsignsofweakness________(intention)duetosocialmediabeingusedtocelebrateachievements.答案：①responsibility②strength③harmful④fortable⑤gently⑥mixture⑦intentionally2．單句寫作①就我個人而言，我的建議是我們手頭(在容易夠到的范圍)總應(yīng)該有一個筆記本和一部漢英詞典。Asfaras________________，my________isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookanda________________dictionarywithineasy________.②故宮之所以吸引游客是因為它悠久的歷史和文化意義。______________________attractsvisit