2023-2024學年陜西省寶雞市金臺區(qū)高二上學期期中考試英語試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE3陜西省寶雞市金臺區(qū)2023-2024學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題第Ⅰ卷選擇題(滿分95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars(火星)inthefuture.TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(養(yǎng)分)thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕獲)fishforfoodthen.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A.Thefuture. B.Theproject. C.Theland. D.Theplanet.2.WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?A.Icebelowthesurface. B.Toomuchfishwaste.C.Themissingoflivingthings. D.Thepoorlandcondition.3.HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful. C.Surprised. D.Funny.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個名叫“FeedingMars”的項目，它試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜?！敬鸢浮?.B2.D3.A1．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.(這個項目被稱為“FeedingMars”)”以及后文“triestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.”（試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜。）可知，“FeedingMars”這個項目試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜。故it指的是“項目”。故選B。2．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(養(yǎng)分)thatlivingthingsneed.(火星表面下的冰層中有大量的水可以提取，但火星上的土地缺乏生物所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))”可知，土地條件差使得火星上耕種變得困難。故選D。3．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕獲)fishforfoodthen.”(“預計你可以在火星上種植很多食物，比如蔬菜、沙拉、茶和藥用植物，”該項目負責人本茨·科岑博士說?！澳菚r你甚至可以收獲魚作為食物?！?”可推知，本茨·科岑博士對這一項目抱有希望。故選A。BIt’slateeveninginthemiddleofthewinter.Thesnowisdeep,butoffIgointothewild.Suddenly,Ihearit:thehowl(嚎叫)ofwolves.Excitedly,Iwalkfasterinthedirectionofthehowling.I’vebeenworkingasavolunteerwolftrackerinYellowstoneNationalParkforoverayear.It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.Likewolves,however,Idon’tworkalone.I’moneofateamofpeoplewhohavebeeninaprojecttohelpreintroducewolvestothepark.Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.Inthe1920s,theorganizersoftheparksharedthisviewaboutwolvesandmadethedecisiontodrivethemawayfromthepark.Asaresult,thenumberofelk(麋鹿)intheparkincreased.Theelkstartedlookingforfoodnearriverbankssincetheydidn’thavetoworryaboutwolves.This,inturn,stoppedtreesfromgrowingalongtherivers,doinggreatharmtotheenvironmentthere.Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.Tobeginwith,theelksoonlearnedtostayawayfromtherivers,sonewtreeshavebeenabletogrowthere.Thetreesbecomehometonewwildlife,suchasbirds,andprovidefoodformoreanimals.Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.4.Accordingtothepassage,oneofawolftracker’sjobsisto________.A.catchwolvesinthepark B.feedwolvesinthewildC.stopwolvesfromkillingelk D.collectinformationaboutwolves5.Whydidtheorganizersdrivethewolvesawayfromtheparkinthe1920s?A.Thewolveswerealwayshowlingatnight.B.Theelkintheparkwereindangerofdyingout.C.Thewolveshaddonegreatharmtotheenvironment.D.Theparkwasthoughttobeunsafewithwolvesaround.6.Paragraphs4and5aremainlyaboutthe________thatwolveshavebroughttoYellowstone.A.risks B.troubles C.changes D.competitions7.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.WolvesareimportanttoYellowstone.B.Yellowstonehasbeenhometowolves.C.Thewolfandtheelkliveinpeacenow.D.Thenumberofwolvesisgrowingfast.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了狼對黃石公園的生態(tài)重要性?！敬鸢浮?.D5.D6.C7.A4．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.(我的工作就是跟蹤狼，記錄它們的信息)”可知，跟蹤狼的人的工作就是收集關(guān)于狼的信息，故選D。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.(人類總是害怕狼。從童話故事到電影，狼總是壞的——對人類和其他動物是一種威脅)”可知，組織者在20世紀20年代把狼趕出公園是因為他們認為公園周圍有狼的話不安全。故選D。6．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.(狼群的回歸已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響)”和第五段“Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.(這個公園現(xiàn)在越來越受那些想在自然環(huán)境中看到狼的人的歡迎。它還幫助當?shù)厝速嵙烁嗟腻X。游客參觀該地區(qū)，住在當?shù)氐木频?，在當?shù)氐牟宛^吃飯)”可知，第四段和第五段主要講述了狼的回歸所帶來的不同之處，故選C。7．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.(看著周圍的野生動物和美麗的風景，我對狼對黃石公園的改變感到驚訝。令人高興的是，它在這個故事中扮演了一個好人)”可知，狼給黃石公園帶來了很多好處，由此可推知，作者說“令人高興的是，它在這個故事中扮演了一個好人”是在表明狼對黃石公園很重要。故選A。CMargaretAnnBulkleywasbornaround1789,inIreland.Shehadbigdreams.“Iwanttobeadoctor!”Buttwohundredyearsagoagirlcouldn’tbecomeadoctor.Heruncle,JamesBarry,wasagreatpainter.AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.Yearslater,heruncleJamesBarrydied,leavinghersomemoney.Itwasenoughtostudytobeadoctor.“Butagirlcan’tbecomeadoctor,”saidMargaretsadly.“Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.Fromthenon,MargaretAnnBulkleydisappeared.ShebecameJamesBarryandenteredEdinburghUniversity.Hetook13subjectsandworkedallthroughthesummerwhentheotherstudentswentonholiday.Barrygraduatedin1812anddecidedtojointheBritishArmy.Inhislife,Dr.JamesBarrytravelledallovertheworld,helpingtosavemanylives.Beforeretirement,BarryhadrisentothesecondhighestmedicalofficerintheBritishArmy.Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宮產(chǎn))inAfrica.ThesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyearswasonlyknownafterhisdeathin1865.8.WhoplayedthemostimportantroleinMargaret’sbecomingadoctor?A.GeneralMiranda. B.HeruncleJamesBarry.C.AsoldierintheBritishArmy. D.AprofessorfromEdinburghUniversity.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisguiseinparagraph3mean?A.Changeone’sclothes. B.Dresslikeadoctor.C.Changeone’sappearance. D.Dresslikeagentleman.10.WhichwasDr.JamesBarry’sachievementinherjob?A.BecomingthehighestofficerintheBritishArmy.B.Graduatingfromthemostfamousmedicaluniversity.C.Improvingmedicalconditionsforthewoundedsoldiers.D.Doingtheworld’sfirstrecordedcaesareansectionsuccessfully.11.WhatwasthesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyears?A.JamesBarryleftmuchmoney. B.Dr.JamesBarrywasawoman.C.Margaretdiedinhertwenties. D.GeneralMirandahelpedMargaretalot.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了MargaretAnnBulkley為了實現(xiàn)自己成為醫(yī)生的夢想，把自己裝扮成一位男性從醫(yī)的故事?！敬鸢浮?.A9.C10.C11.B8．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.(他的朋友米蘭達將軍有一個藏書6000多本書的圖書館?，敻覃愄叵矚g在那里讀書。她的聰明才智給他留下了深刻的印象)”以及第三段中““Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”(“是的，你可以！”GeneralMiranda說?！澳闼龅木褪莻窝b成一個男孩。”)”可知，是叔叔的朋友GeneralMiranda鼓勵她去實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選A。9．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.(于是她剪掉了長發(fā)，練習用低沉的聲音說話，穿上了男孩的衣服)”可知，為了成為一名醫(yī)生，把自己的頭發(fā)剪短，裝扮成一個男孩，故畫線詞意思與changeone’sappearance同義。故選C。10．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宮產(chǎn))inAfrica.(Barry不僅改善了傷兵的條件，也改善了當?shù)厝说臈l件，并在非洲成功實施了有記錄的第一例剖腹產(chǎn)手術(shù))”可知，改善了傷兵的生活條件是她所取得的成就之一。故選C。11．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.(Margaret很想成為一名醫(yī)生。于是她剪掉了長發(fā)，練習用低沉的聲音說話，穿上了男孩的衣服。她還給自己起名叫JamesBarry)”可知，她假扮成男孩成為一名醫(yī)生是她一直保守的秘密。故選B。DYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanwasstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecaredlittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemadelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.WhatimpressedpeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingwashisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Eveninhislateryears,YuanLongpingwasstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryonewasalwaysexcitedtoseewhathewoulddreamupnext.12.YuanLongpingconsideredhimselfafarmerbecause________.A.hemadeinvaluablecontributionstoagriculture.B.hewasasslimandstrongasafarmer.C.hedevelopedahybridofself-pollinatingplants.D.hecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.13.Whatisthemainadvantageofhybridcrops?A.Theyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.B.Theyusuallygrowtallerthanconventionalcrops.C.TheycanbeplantedinChina,IndiaandVietnam.D.Theirgrowingperiod(生長期)isshorterthanconventionalcrops.14.HowhasYuan’sworkhelpedChinaandothercountries?A.HeletpeoplefromChinaandabroadknowmoreaboutvarietiesofaspeciesthroughhiswork.B.Hedevotedhislifetofarmersacrosstheworld.C.HisinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountries.D.HesucceededinproducingriceplantsastallassorghumforChinaandothercountries.15.WhatwasYuan’slatervision?A.Tallersorghum B.Seawaterrice C.Biggerbroom D.Biggerpeanut【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講的是袁隆平的生平和他的貢獻。【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B12．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.(然而，他認為自己是一個農(nóng)民，因為他在研究中不斷地在土地上工作。)”可知，袁隆平認為自己是一個農(nóng)民，因為他在研究中不斷地在土地上工作，故選D。13．【解析】細節(jié)理解他。根據(jù)第三段中“Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(雜交作物的一個特點是它們通常比常規(guī)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。)”可知，雜交作物的主要優(yōu)點是它們通常比常規(guī)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。故選A。14．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.(他成功地生產(chǎn)出了一種可以養(yǎng)活國內(nèi)外更多人的大米。)”可知，袁龍平成功生產(chǎn)出一種大米，不僅養(yǎng)活了中國，也養(yǎng)活了許多其他國家，由此可知，他的創(chuàng)新幫助了中國和其他國家，故選C。15．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(他后來的“海水稻”愿景也成為現(xiàn)實，并可能在中國開辟近一百萬平方公里的鹽堿地用于水稻生產(chǎn))”可知，袁隆平后來的愿景是海水稻，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Humanbeingsarenottheonlyoneswhocommunicate.Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.___16___.Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.Whenadogishappy,itsearswillstandupanditseyeswillbewideopen.Thedogwillstartbarking,movingitstail,andrunningaroundincirclesorjumpingupanddowntoshowyouthatitwantstoplay.Adogthatisafraidwilllieonitsbackandcloseitseyes.Thedogmayshowitsteethandloweritsbodysothatitisclosetotheground.Thedogmayalsoshake,anditwillputitstailbetweenitslegs.Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.___17___.Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.Anelephant’ssenseofsmellishighlydeveloped.Anelephantcansmellhowanotherelephantisfeelingandeventellifitissick.Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.___18___:theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”Anelephant’sbodylanguageincludesearsignalsandgestures.Ifanelephantspreadsitsears,itmeans“Watchout!”Toshowfriendship,elephantswilltoucheachotherwiththeirtrunksandstandclosetoeachother,puttingtheirheadstogether.Dolphinsaresocialanimals.___19___.Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.Ifadolphinwantstosendamessageoveralongdistance,orifitwantstoshowhowstrongitis,itwilljumphighoutofthewaterandlandonitsside,makingaloudnoise.Adolphin’sfavouriteactivityisleapingintotheairwhileplayingwithitsfriends.___20___,theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.Ifyouseedolphinsdoingthis,youshouldnotdisturbthem.A.DifferentnoiseshaveavarietyofmeaningsB.HereisaquicklookathowsomeofouranimalfriendssendmessagestousandtoeachotherC.ThetailwillstandstraightoutfromthebodyD.DolphinsaresometimesgladE.WhendolphinsaretiredandneedtorestF.Animalshavelanguagesthathumansdon’tknowG.Theyliveingroupsandloveshowingeachotherfeelings【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。不只是人會交流，動物也能交流。文章主要介紹了幾種動物的交流方式。【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.G20.E16．【解析】上文“Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.(動物用肢體語言告訴對方它們的感覺和它們的想法。)”指出動物也會用肢體語言交流，結(jié)合下文“Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.(狗用聲音、身體動作和尾巴來交流。)”，“Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.(大象也用噪音和肢體語言來表達自己。)”和“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居動物。)”可知，下文主要介紹了幾種動物的交流方式，B項“下面我們就來快速了解一下我們的一些動物朋友是如何給我們和彼此發(fā)送信息的”符合語境，引起下文，故選B。17．【解析】上文“Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.(當狗生氣時，它的主要肢體語言是露出牙齒和咆哮。狗會盡可能地讓自己看起來很大)”指出狗生氣時會盡可能讓自己看起來很大，空處承接上文，具體指出狗是如何讓自己看起來更大，C項“尾巴會從身體里伸出來”符合語境，承接上文，故選C。18．【解析】上文“Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.(大象的鼻子，也被用來發(fā)出聲音，歡迎其他大象)”指出大象用鼻子會發(fā)出聲音，下文“theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”(它們可以表示“我餓了”、“我生氣了”或者“很高興見到你!”)”具體指出大象發(fā)出的不同聲音表示不同的含義，A項“不同的聲音有不同的意思”符合語境，承上啟下。故選A。19．【解析】上文“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居動物)”指出海豚是群居動物，即海豚生活在一起，下文“Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.(一只憤怒的海豚有時會在水面上撞它的尾巴。運動和噪音讓其他海豚知道有些不對勁。)”具體介紹了海豚的交流方式，空處承上啟下，G項“它們生活在一起，喜歡表達彼此的感情”符合語境，承上啟下。故選G。20．【解析】下文“theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.(它們會在靠近水面的地方成群游動)”指出海豚會在靠近水面的地方成群游動。由此推知，空處應(yīng)該是具體指出海豚為什么會在靠近水面的地方成群游動，E項“當海豚累了需要休息時”符合，空處是下文的條件，故選E。第三部分語言運用(共二節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題,每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrong___21___forknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,___22___adoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslater___23___asamiracleyearinscience,he___24___fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamous___25___theworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasableto___26___hisjobatthepatentofficeandenter___27___full-timeatauniversity.In1922,hewas___28___the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis___29___ofthephotoelectriceffect.Circumstances___30___in1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsof___31___institutionsclosedtohim.___32___,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinally___33___ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.___34___that,hecontinuedtomakegreat___35___inphysicsandmathematics.21.A.liquid B.phrase C.passion D.crisis22.A.earning B.digesting C.bending D.leaking23.A.boiled B.integrated C.revealed D.recorded24.A.defeated B.published C.adopted D.bowed25.A.over B.for C.above D.throughout26.A.attain B.bend C.quit D.stretch27.A.research B.draft C.mode D.cheek28.A.evaluated B.awarded C.founded D.employed29.A.explanation B.instance C.tendency D.valley30.A.persuaded B.blessed C.differed D.changed31.A.essential B.academic C.reliable D.visible32.A.Apparently B.Slightly C.Consequently D.Entirely33.A.generated B.inquired C.wandered D.obtained34.A.Inferring B.Following C.Switching D.Swinging35.A.characteristics B.prospect C.achievements D.innovation【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了物理學家愛因斯坦的生平和取得的成就?！敬鸢浮?1.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C21．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里工作期間，出于對知識的強烈激情，他繼續(xù)學習，并于1905年獲得了物理學博士學位。A.liquid液體；B.phrase短語；C.passion激情；D.crisis危機。由下文“hecontinuedtostudy,”可知，他在工作期間繼續(xù)學習，這說明他渴望知識，即對知識充滿激情，故選C。22．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里工作期間，出于對知識的強烈激情，他繼續(xù)學習，并于1905年獲得了物理學博士學位。A.earning賺，贏得，博得；B.digesting消化；C.bending彎曲；D.leaking泄露。由下文“adoctorateinphysicsin1905”和上文提到他渴望知識，在工作期間繼續(xù)學習可知，他最終獲得了物理學博士學位，故選A。23．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同年，他發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學論文，這一年后來被記錄為科學界的奇跡年。A.boiled煮沸；B.integrated合并；C.revealed揭示；D.recorded記錄。下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”提到他在這一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學論文可知，這一年后來被人們記錄為科學界的奇跡年，故選D。24．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同年，他發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學論文，這一年后來被記錄為科學界的奇跡年。A.defeated擊?。籅.published公布，發(fā)表；C.adopted采?。籇.bowed鞠躬。由下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”可知，此處指他發(fā)表了四篇論文，故選B。25．【解析】考查介詞詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他逐漸成為世界聞名的新艾薩克牛頓。A.over在……上面；B.for為了；C.above在……上；D.throughout遍及。throughouttheworld意為“世界各地”，由下文“theworldasthenewIsaacNewton”和上文提到了他在一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了四篇論文，取得了非凡的成就可知，他逐漸在世界各地有名起來，故選D。26．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，在一所大學全職從事研究工作。A.attain獲得；B.bend彎曲；C.quit停止，放棄；D.stretch伸展。下文“enter________full-timeatauniversity”提到了他進入一所大學工作，由此可知，他辭去了之前在專利局的工作，故選C。27．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，在一所大學全職從事研究工作。A.research研究；B.draft草稿；C.mode模型；D.cheek臉頰。由下文“In1922,hewas_______the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis________ofthephotoelectriceffect.”可知，他與1922年獲得諾貝爾物理獎，由此可知，他進入大學是從事研究工作，故選A。28．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學獎。A.evaluated評估；B.awarded授予；C.founded建立；D.employed雇傭。由下文“the1921NobelPrizeforPhysics”可知他被授予諾貝爾物理學獎，故選B。29．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學獎。A.explanation解釋；B.instance例子；C.tendency趨勢；D.valley峽谷。由下文“ofthephotoelectriceffect”和上文提到他獲得諾貝爾物理學獎可知，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學獎。故選A。30．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：局勢在1933年發(fā)生了變化，當時希特勒在德國掌權(quán)。A.persuaded勸說；B.blessed祝福；C.differed不同；D.changed改變。由下文“whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.”可知，1933年希特勒在德國掌權(quán)，這說明局勢發(fā)生了變化，故選D。31．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學術(shù)機構(gòu)的大門對他關(guān)閉了。A.essential有必要的；B.academic學術(shù)的；C.reliable可靠的；D.visible看得見的。由下文“institutionsclosedtohim”和上文提到的1933年德國局勢發(fā)生變化，希特勒掌權(quán)，猶太人遭到迫害，而Einstein是猶太人，結(jié)合上文提到他一直進行學術(shù)研究可知，他認為學術(shù)機構(gòu)的大門對他關(guān)閉了。故選B。32．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他不得不逃離德國。A.Apparently明顯地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Consequently結(jié)果，因此；D.Entirely完全。上文提到1933年德國局勢發(fā)生變化，希特勒掌權(quán)，猶太人遭到迫害，而牛頓是猶太人可知，他不得不逃離德國。故選C。33．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在歐洲呆了一段時間后，他終于在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院找到了一份工作。A.generated生成；B.inquired調(diào)查；C.wandered游蕩；D.obtained獲得。由下文“ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA”可知，他最終在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院獲得了一份工作，故選D。34．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學方面取得了巨大的成就。A.Inferring推斷；B.Following跟隨，排在……后；C.Switching改變，交換；D.Swinging改變。此處that代指上文提到的他在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院找到了一份工作，由下文“hecontinuedto”可知，前后是時間先后關(guān)系，此處在描述之后的事情。故選B。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學方面取得了巨大的成就。A.characteristics特點；B.prospect前景；C.achievements成就；D.innovation創(chuàng)新。由上文“hecontinuedtomakegreat”和常識可知，愛因斯坦在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院工作后，繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學方面取得了巨大的成就。故選C。第Ⅱ卷非選擇題(滿分55分)第二節(jié)(共10小題,每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dollywood,inthe___36___(beauty)SmokyMountainsinsoutheasternUSA,isunique___37___itshowsandcelebratesAmerica’straditionalsoutheasternculture.Famouscountrymusicgroupsputon___38___(performance)thereallyearround,indoorsandoutdoors.PeoplecomefromalloverAmerica___39___(see)skilledworkersmakewood,glass,andironobjectsintheold-fashionedway.___40___(visit)thecandyshopandtryingsomeof___41___samekindofcandythatAmericansouthernersmade150yearsagoisarareexperience.Ridingontheonlysteamenginestill___42___(work)inthesoutheasternUnitedStatesisaspecialtreat.Andforthose___43___likerides,Dollywoodhasasuperboldwoodenrollercoaster,Thunderhead.Itisworld-famousforhavingthe___44___(long)trackinthesmallestspace.CometoDollywoodtohavefun____45____(learn)allaboutAmerica’shistoricalsoutheasternculture!【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢，它展示和慶祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。著名的鄉(xiāng)村音樂團體全年都在這里進行室內(nèi)外演出?！敬鸢浮?6.beautiful37.because38.performances39.tosee40.Visiting41.the42.working43.who##that44.longest45.learning36．【解析】考查形容詞。句意：位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢是獨一無二的，因為它展示和慶祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。修飾后文SmokyMountains，應(yīng)用形容詞beautiful。故填beautiful。37．【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢是獨一無二的，因為它展示和慶祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。引導原因狀語從句，表示“因為”應(yīng)用because。故填because。38．【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：著名的鄉(xiāng)村音樂團體全年都在這里進行室內(nèi)外演出。performance為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上文Famouscountrymusicgroups可知數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復數(shù)。故填performances。39．【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：來自美國各地的人們來看熟練的工人用老式的方法制作木頭、玻璃和鐵器。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知see在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。故填tosee。40．【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：參觀糖果店，品嘗150年前美國南方人制作的同一種糖果是一種罕見的經(jīng)歷。作句子的主語，應(yīng)用動名詞，首字母大寫。故填Visiting。41．【解析】考查冠詞。句意：參觀糖果店，品嘗150年前美國南方人制作的同一種糖果是一種罕見的經(jīng)歷。短語thesame表示“”同一。故填the。42．【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：乘坐美國東南部唯一仍在運行的蒸汽機是一種特殊的享受。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知work與邏輯主語steamengine構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填working。43．【解析】考查定語從句。句意：對于那些喜歡游樂設(shè)施的人來說，多萊塢有一個很棒的老式木制過山車——Thunderhead。定語從句修飾先行詞those，在從句作主語，指人。故填who/that。44．【解析】考查最高級。句意：它以在最小的空間里擁有最長的軌道而聞名于世。根據(jù)上文定冠詞以及句意“最長的”可知應(yīng)用最高級。故填longest。45．【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：來多萊塢盡情學習美國東南部的歷史文化吧！短語havefundoingsth.表示“玩得開心”。故填learning。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.第一單元鼓勵我們多角度地認識、思考、探索卓有成就的中外人物獲得成功的原因及其人生的價值和意義，同時還鼓勵我們由遠及近觀察身邊的普通人，這些人雖然不是名人，但同樣付出了努力，體現(xiàn)了自己的人生價值。請運用第一單元所學知識和人物傳記的寫作方法介紹一位你所欽佩的人物。參考標題：AScientistIAdmireATeacherIAdmire注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.不得抄襲。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文AScientistIAdmireTherearemanyadmirablepeoplearoundus,butthepersonIadmiremostisZhongNanshan.ZhongNanshan,an84-year-oldhero,gaveupthechanceofspendingtheNewYearwithhisfamilyandrushedtothefrontline.Heworkeddayandnightandledustoovercomedifficulties.HetriedhisbesttosaveeverypatientandpassedhopestoeveryChinese.Ilearnedfromhimtobekind,braveandresponsible.Iwillshowmyhighestrespectforhim.第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologizedfortheaccident,butthefamilies