英語國家概況Chapter 6課件

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英語國家概況英語國家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter6

Literature

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英語國家概況CONTENTTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)I

1.1GeneralKnowledge1.2TheOldEnglishPeriod

1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod

1.1GeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:poetrydramaFiction/novelProse/essay1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodOldEnglish:theepic

Beowulf

：folklegendofAnglo-Saxons傳說講述Beowulf是位非常強而有力的人,當(dāng)時有一只丑陋而可怕的怪物Grendel在四出破壞及吃人。Beowulf與物惡斗后將它殺死了。Grendel的母親對此懷恨在心...于是待Beowulf年老后去找他償命,Grendel的母親將Beowulf拖進其湖底的巢穴并廝殺。最后被Beowulf用劍把她的頭砍下來，他在湖底找剄Grendel的尸體,也把他的頭砍了帶走。Hrothgar王對他感激不已,送了他許多酬賞。但好景不長,有人從一巨龍之穴偷走了一個金杯,令巨龍極為憤怒。於是它四出搗亂及燒毀村莊,令人民生活大受影響。年老的Beowulf再次堤起他的劍與外甥Wiglaf一起去對付巨龍(其他人太害怕巨龍而沒人敢?guī)椭?..),大戰(zhàn)過后巨龍終被他倆所殺,但Beowulf也因傷重而死。1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodWiglaf在詩中最后對那些不敢戰(zhàn)斗如懦夫般的戰(zhàn)士的話：

Soitisgoodbyetoallyouknowandlove

onyourhomeground,theopen-handedness,

thegivingofwarswords.Everyoneofyou

withfreeholdsofland,ourwholenation,

willbedispossessed,once-princesfrombeyond

gettidingsofhowyouturnedandfled

anddisgracedyourselves.Awarriorwillsooner

diethanlivealifeofshame.

1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).MiddleEnglish:GeoffreyChaucer

TheCanterburyTales

作品描寫一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在倫敦一家小旅店里，準(zhǔn)備去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建議香客們在往返途中各講兩個故事，看誰講的最好。故事集包括了23個故事，如：騎士講的愛情悲劇故事、賣贖罪券者講的勸世寓言故事、教士講的動物寓言故事、商人講的家庭糾紛的故事、農(nóng)民講的感人的愛情和慷慨義氣行為的故事。1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).作品廣泛地反映了當(dāng)時的英國社會生活，揭露了教會的腐敗、教士的貪婪和偽善，譴責(zé)了扼殺人性的禁欲主義，肯定了世俗的愛情生活。

TheRenaissance(1500-1660)

2.1GeneralKnowledge

2.2WilliamShakespeare

II

Intellecturalmovement:Renaissance文藝復(fù)興admirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.sonnet(十四行詩)dramaThedramatypesaretragedy,comedy.

2.1GeneralKnowledge2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

Shakespeare’sBirthplaceTheGlobeTheatre：rebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Sonnet《莎士比亞十四行詩集》:154首詩，作于1592年至1598年“莎士比亞體”（Shakespearean），由三節(jié)四行詩和兩行對句組成，每行10個音節(jié)韻式Rhyme為ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。Sonnet141InfaithIdonotlovetheewithmineeyes,Fortheyintheeathousanderrorsnote;But`tismyheartthatloveswhattheydespise,Whoindespiteofviewispleasedtodote.Noraremineearswiththytongue`stunedelighted;Nortenderfeelingtobasetouchesprone,Nortaste,norsmell,desiretobeinvitedToanysensualfeastwiththeealone.Butmyfivewits,normyfivesensescanDissuadeonefoolishheartfromservingthee,Wholeavesunswayedthelikenessofaman,Thyproudheart`sslaveandvassalwretchtobe.OnlymyplaguethusfarIcountmygain,Thatshethatmakesmesinawardsmepain.Comedy:愛情、友誼、婚姻

AMidsummerNight’sDream(1595)MerchantofVenice(1598)AsYouLikeIt(1599)TwelfthNight(1601)DramaDrama:37---Comedy,histaricalplay,tragedyMERCHANTVENICE2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tragedies:RomeoandJuliet(1595)Hamlet(1601)Othello(1604)KingLear(1605)Macbeth(1606)HamletOthelloKingLearMacbeth2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare’sdramaticdevelopment?A:

Hamlet.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tobe,ornottobe

(fromHamlet3/1)

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhatmakesShakespearesofamous?A:Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations.人與宇宙、人性、靈與肉、人生終極目標(biāo)等根本性的問題，屬于超道德的范疇

TheNeo-classicalPeriod(1660-1785)III

3.1HistoricalBackground

3.2Representatives

The17thcentury:theBourgeoisRevolutionJohnMilton:ParadiseLost(失樂園)揭示了人的原罪與墮落。詩中叛逆之神撒旦，因為反抗上帝的權(quán)威被打入地獄，卻毫不屈服，為復(fù)仇尋至伊甸園。亞當(dāng)與夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引誘，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的分辨善惡的樹上的果子。最終，撒旦及其同伙遭譴全變成了蛇，亞當(dāng)與夏娃被逐出了伊甸園。該詩體現(xiàn)了詩人追求自由的崇高精神3.1HistoricalBackground3.1HistoricalBackground

The18thcentury:Peacefuldevelopment

TheIndustrialRevolutionClassicism

：AlexanderPopeSatire(諷刺文學(xué))cametofullgrowth.AlexanderPopeJonathanSwiftDanielDefoe3.2Representatives[

3.2.3DanielDefoe

3.2.1AlexanderPope

3.2.2JonathanSwift3.2.2AlexanderPopeAlexanderPope(1688-1744)AnEssayonCriticism(1711)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.Toerrishuman.3.2.3JonathanSwiftJonathanSwift(1667-1745)Gulliver’sTravels(1726)—格列佛游記Novel：游記體諷刺小說

3.2.4DanielDefoeDanielDefoe(1660?-1731)

RobinsonCrusoe(1719)魯濱孫漂流記Novel：冒險自傳體小說TheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IV

4.1PioneersofRomanticPoets

4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoets

4.1PioneersofRomanticPoets

Pioneers:LakepoetsWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)PassiveRomanticismIwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;我孤獨地漫游，像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飄蕩，忽然間我看見一群金色的水仙花迎春開放

4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoetsActiveRomanticism:Themajor“secondgeneration”ofRomanticpoets

LordByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats.4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoetsPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)poems—“OdetotheWestWind”(1819)……BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OWind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

TheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)V

5.1CriticalRealism

5.2Representatives

5.1CriticalRealismA:

Thecriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Q.What’sthecharacteristicoftheCriticalRealismnovels?Itsrepresemtative：CharlesDickensLeadingformofliterature:novel5.2Representatives

5.2.1CharlesDickens

5.2.3BronteSisters

5.2.4GeorgeEliot

5.2.5ThomasHardy

5.2.2JaneAusten5.2.1CharlesDickensCharlesDickens(1812-1870)Empathyforthecommonpeople5.2.1CharlesDickensThePickwickPapers(1836-1837)—《匹克威克外傳》broughthimimmediatefame

GreatExpectations(1860-1861)《

遠(yuǎn)大前程》OliverTwist(1837)《

霧都孤兒》ATaleofTwoCities(1859)《

雙城記》DavidCopperfield(1849-1850)《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》 Autobiography

5.2.1CharlesDickens5.2.2JaneAustenJaneAusten(1775–1817):6novelsSenseandSensibility(1811)

《理性與感性》PrideandPrejudice(1813)《傲慢與偏見》MansfieldPark(1814)《曼斯菲爾德莊園》Emma(1816)《愛瑪》Prideandprejudice班納特五個女兒對待終身大事的不同處理，表現(xiàn)出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中產(chǎn)階級家庭出身的少女對婚姻愛情問題的不同態(tài)度，從而反映了作者本人的婚姻觀。

傲慢與偏見5.2.3BronteSisters

Brontesisters:Charlotte(1816-1855)JaneEyre(1847)Emily(1818-1848)WutheringHeights(18