2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一冊(cè)含答案

Unit4NaturalDisasters一、閱讀理解A[自然災(zāi)害/]YellowstoneNationalParkwithdrewmorethan10，000visitorsafterflashfloodshitthepark.Houses，roadsandbridgeswerewashedaway，andthepark’sgatewaycommunitieswerecutofffromroads.Evenasscientistsandlandmanagersareshockedbytheseverefloods，unseenin100yearsofrecordedhistory，theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted.Theyjustdidn’texpectthemtooccurthisyear.Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirmifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme，the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation（降水），includingwhenitwillarriveandwhatformitwilltake.Scientistsexpectmorespringrainandlesswintersnow.TheassessmentalsopredictsincreasingannualprecipitationinYellowstoneNationalPark.Changeshavebeenalreadydocumentedintheassessment.Since1950，springprecipitationintheregionhasincreasedby17percentinApriland23percentinMay.Snowfallhasdwindledeventhoughoverallannualprecipitationhasincreased.Thatmeansratherthanaslowreleaseofmeltwatertovalleysduringthesummermonths，rainfalltendstocombinewithmeltingsnow，causingriskiereventsliketherecentflood.Juneprecipitationthisyearisnowatmorethan400percentaboveaverageinthepartsofMontanaandWyomingthatincludeYellowstone.Andastemperaturesrise，theserain-on-snoweventsareprojectedtobecomemorefrequentathigherelevations（海拔）inwesternNorthAmerica，whilelowersnowpackwillmakethemlessfrequentatlowelevations.BruceStein，chiefscientistoftheNationalWildlifeFederation，saidseveralyearsbefore，whenhetrainedYellowstoneemployeesforclimateplanning，theyfocusedonthefeaturesthatdrewvisitorstothepark—likebisonandwolves.Roads，bridges，andhousesgettingwashedawaywereoutoftheirconsideration."Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryfortheparktolookaheadtoplanfordifferentsituationsthatcouldpossiblyhappenastheclimatechanges，"saidStein.本文是說(shuō)明文，主要講述了黃石國(guó)家公園遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水產(chǎn)生的可能原因?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】withdrawv.使撤離assessmentn.評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估documentv.記錄，記載（詳情）snowpackn.積雪【熟詞生義】1.flash常用義：v.（使）閃耀，閃光n.閃光，閃光燈文中義：adj.突發(fā)的2.project常用義：n.項(xiàng)目，方案，工程文中義：v.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)計(jì)，推想【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirm（ifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme），Whilethe2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（降水），including（whenitwillarrive）and（whatformitwilltake）.其中including譯文：雖然需要更多的研究來(lái)確認(rèn)氣候變化是否使這次洪水事件更加極端，但《2021大黃石地區(qū)氣候評(píng)估報(bào)告》預(yù)測(cè)了降水的顯著變化，包括降水的到來(lái)時(shí)間和形式。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefloods？A.Theywerethemostdestructiveinhistory.B.Theyhadbeenpredictedwithcertainty.C.Theywereworsenedbychangesinclimate.D.Theywerepartlyinlinewithscientists’expectation.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted...thisyear"可知，洪災(zāi)與科學(xué)家們的預(yù)測(cè)是部分一致的，故選D。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dwindled"inparagraph3mean？A.Varied. B.Balanced.C.Doubled. D.Declined.解析D詞義猜測(cè)題。由eventhough和hasincreased可推知，畫線詞意為"減少"，故選D。3.WhatdoesSteinthinktheparkshoulddonext？A.Takepreventativemeasures.B.Rebuilddamagedstructures.C.Focusonitsattractivefeatures.D.Receivetraininginclimateplanning.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段的"Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryforthepark...astheclimatechanges"可知，Stein認(rèn)為黃石國(guó)家公園必須向前看，為氣候變化可能引發(fā)的不同情況做好計(jì)劃，這是非常緊迫和必要的。也就是說(shuō)，黃石國(guó)家公園應(yīng)該做到防患于未然，故選A。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Yellowstonearea：Isitmoreatriskofflood？B.Yellowstoneflooding：Whydoesithappennow？C.Climateplanning：WhyisitimportanttoYellowstone？D.Climatechange：DoesitmeanmorerainforYellowstone？解析B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了黃石國(guó)家公園遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水產(chǎn)生的可能原因，B項(xiàng)更好地概括了文章的內(nèi)容，做文章標(biāo)題最佳。B[2023山東二模]ItwasalongweekendinMay2018andmypartnerGabeRosescuandIweretakingaroadtriptogotoNelson，BritishColumbiaandspendsometimewithourfriends.Itwasourfirsttriptogether.Ataround5：30p.m.onThursday，May17，weweredrivingabout11mileswestofCreston，onasteepmountainroadknownastheCrowsnestHighway.Iwastextingupdatestomyfamilyandenjoyingtheview.Weweren’tawarethattherehadrecentlybeenfloodinginthearea.WhenIlookedupfrommyphone，Isawawaveofmudandahugetreecomingdownthemountain，rightinfrontofGabe’scar.Hetriedtostop，butitwastoolate.Themudslidesentourcarfallingnearly300metersdownarockycliff（懸崖）andourcarlandedonitssideamongsometrees.Ididn’tknowhowlongwewereunconscious.Butthebodyisanamazingthing，andsomehowwewerebothabletocrawl（爬）outofthecrashedcar.Wehadnophonesignal，soallwecoulddowasshoutforhelp.Afterjustafewminutes，weheardsomeonecallback.Fourpassers-byspottedusandcametoourrescue.Whentheemergencymedicaltechniciansfinallygottoourside，theyloadedusintoseparateambulances.Iwasinthehospitalforaweekandahalf，buttheykeptGabeforsixweeks.IwastoldIwouldwalkwithalimp（跛行）fortherestofmylife；Gabepermanentlylostthevisioninhislefteye.Beforeallthishappened，wewerehappy-go-luckypeople.We’reevenmoresanguinenow.Welookateverythingdifferently.Despitetheinjurieswesuffered，we’regratefulthatwe’restilllivingaprettygoodlife.本文是記敘文，主要講述了作者與Gabe在開(kāi)車去看朋友的路上遭遇泥流，被沖下懸崖，最終獲救并積極面對(duì)人生的故事?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】cometosb.’srescue前來(lái)營(yíng)救某人happy-go-luckyadj.無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的，樂(lè)天派的，逍遙自在的【熟詞生義】1.update常用義：v.更新，使現(xiàn)代化文中義：n.最新消息，最新進(jìn)展2.wave常用義：n.海浪，波浪，波濤文中義：n.涌現(xiàn)的事物3.send常用義：v.郵寄，發(fā)送文中義：v.使快速（或猛然）移動(dòng)1.WhydidtheauthorandGabegotoNelson？A.Togosightseeing.B.Tovisittheirfriends.C.Tojoininaroadtrip.D.Tolookforadventure.解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"GabeRosescuandIweretakingaroadtrip...withourfriends"可知，作者和Gabe開(kāi)車去Nelson是為了與朋友共度時(shí)光，即拜訪朋友，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Howthetripwasplanned.B.Whichroadstheykeptto.C.Howtheaccidenthappened.D.Whatcouldbeseenontheway.解析C段落大意題。通讀第二段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要交代了事故發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和結(jié)果，故C項(xiàng)（事故是怎樣發(fā)生的）最能概括段落的主要內(nèi)容。3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorandGabe？A.Theybothlosttheirphones.B.Theywerebothseriouslyinjured.C.Theytriedtheirbesttokeepconscious.D.Theyweresenttohospitalbypassers-by.解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"Iwasinthehospitalforaweekandahalf...lostthevisioninhislefteye"可知，作者余生都要一瘸一拐地走路，而Gabe的左眼則永久性失明。由此可知，作者和Gabe都受傷很嚴(yán)重，故B項(xiàng)正確。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword"sanguine"inparagraph4？A.Optimistic. B.Fortunate.C.Adventurous. D.Cautious.解析A詞義猜測(cè)題。由最后一段中的"Beforeallthishappened，wewerehappy-go-luckypeople"可知，作者他們之前是樂(lè)天派。再結(jié)合畫線詞前的"evenmore"和后面的"Welookateverythingdifferently...we’regratefulthatwe’restilllivingaprettygoodlife"可知，畫線詞所在句表示"現(xiàn)在我們更加樂(lè)觀了"，故選A。二、完形填空[志愿服務(wù)/]JimMcIngvalewatchedinhorrorasHurricaneIdamadelandfall，hittingLouisiana.Forhim，it1onething：Timeto"getinthegame".McIngvale，whoownsGalleryFurnitureinHouston，quicklycalledfor2ofnecessitieslikefoodandwater.Thenheandhisworkers3everytrucktotakethemtoLouisiana."Louisiana4tousHoustoniansduringHurricaneHarvey，so5，it’stherightthingtodotohelpourneighbors，"McIngvalesaid.Healsoopenedhisfurnitureshowroomto6manyfamilies.AnaLeeisamongthosewhowere7tothestorm.ShedrovetoGalleryFurnitureafterbeingtoldaboutMcIngvale’s8."Iwaswarmlyreceived，"Leesaid."It’sa9tomeetsomebodylikehim."Peoplewholineduptohelpoutsaidtheydidsoafter10watchingMcIngvalehelpthoseinneed.ChrisOglewasoneofthem11byMcIngvale.Hehelpedputting12ontotrucksaftergivingawaysomebottledwatertothe13.Hesaid，"IfyouknewMcIngvale，youwouldn’tbe14bythelonglinesofpeoplewaitingtocontribute.15，thiswasnotthefirsttimehehadhelped.Hehadvolunteeredtoofferhelpmanytimesafternaturaldisasters."JimMcIngvale在得知路易斯安那州遭遇颶風(fēng)侵襲之后，積極參與了對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厥転?zāi)居民的援助。在他的影響下，許多人積極參與其中。【熟詞生義】effort常用義：n.努力，艱難的嘗試文中義：n.有組織的活動(dòng)1.A.meant B.provedC.stressed D.affected解析A颶風(fēng)"艾達(dá)"襲擊路易斯安那州，于他而言，意味著（meant）一件事——是時(shí)候行動(dòng)了。2.A.allocations B.preparationsC.distributions D.donations解析D由下文中的"necessitieslikefoodandwater""givingawaysomebottledwater"和"waitingtocontribute"可知，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。allocation劃撥的款項(xiàng)，分配的東西；preparation準(zhǔn)備工作；distribution分配；donation捐贈(zèng)物，捐贈(zèng)。3.A.checked B.emptiedC.loaded D.cleaned解析C此處說(shuō)的是把物資裝到卡車上，故選C項(xiàng)。load表示"（把大量……）裝上，裝入"。4.A.cameup B.madeupC.stuckout D.reachedout解析D在颶風(fēng)"哈維"來(lái)襲時(shí)，路易斯安那州向休斯敦人伸出了援手。reachouttosb.為某人提供幫助，援助某人。5.A.inreturn B.ingeneralC.atlast D.atheart解析A此處表示"作為回報(bào)，幫助鄰居是正確的事情"，故選A項(xiàng)，inreturn表示"作為回報(bào)"。ingeneral通常，大體上；atlast最終；atheart內(nèi)心里，本質(zhì)上。6.A.feed B.comfortC.shelter D.examine解析CMcIngvale開(kāi)放家具陳列室是為了給許多家庭提供棲身之處。feed喂養(yǎng)；comfort安慰；shelter為……提供庇護(hù)處，收容；examine檢查。C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。7.A.accustomed B.directedC.subjected D.challenged解析CAnaLee是遭受風(fēng)暴襲擊的受害者之一，故選C項(xiàng)。besubjectedtosth.表示"經(jīng)受……，遭受……"。8.A.generosity B.honestyC.bravery D.strength解析A此處表示"在得知McIngvale的慷慨之后，她開(kāi)車去了GalleryFurniture"，故本題選A項(xiàng)。generosity慷慨，honesty正直，bravery勇敢，strength力量。9.A.pleasure B.chanceC.plan D.dream解析ALee很高興能遇到像McIngvale這樣的人。pleasure表示"樂(lè)事，快事"，符合語(yǔ)境。10.A.fortunately B.frequentlyC.curiously D.carefully解析B下文提到"這不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手了，他已經(jīng)在自然災(zāi)害后提供幫助很多次了"，那么，此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)是"在經(jīng)常看到McIngvale幫助有需要的人之后，人們也開(kāi)始這樣做了"。fortunately幸運(yùn)地，frequently經(jīng)常地，curiously好奇地，carefully認(rèn)真地。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。11.A.supported B.approachedC.persuaded D.inspired解析DChrisOgle是受到McIngvale鼓舞的人之一。support支持；approach接洽；persuade說(shuō)服；inspire激勵(lì)，鼓舞。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。12.A.products B.clothesC.supplies D.bottles解析C上文提到McIngvale呼吁人們捐贈(zèng)水和食物等必需品，那么，此處表示"Ogle幫忙把補(bǔ)給品裝上卡車"，故選C項(xiàng)，supplies表示"補(bǔ)給品"。13.A.effort B.companyC.service D.battle解析Aeffort在此表示"有組織的活動(dòng)"。14.A.touched B.surprisedC.excited D.delighted解析B如果你認(rèn)識(shí)McIngvale，看到人們排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)等著捐贈(zèng)，你就不會(huì)感到驚訝了。touched受感動(dòng)，surprised驚訝的，excited興奮的，delighted愉快的。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。15.A.Luckily B.HopefullyC.Eventually D.Actually解析D事實(shí)上，這并不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手。luckily幸運(yùn)的是，幸運(yùn)地；hopefully希望，但愿；eventually最后；actually事實(shí)上。三、語(yǔ)法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/Theemperorpenguin（帝企鵝）maynotsurviveclimatechange—oreventhiscentury.Fordecades，globalwarminghasbeenmelting（使融化）theseaice1theflightlessseabirdsmaketheirhome；someformerly2（freeze）areashaveshrunkby60percentinjust30years.Theselargestpenguinsarenearly90poundsin3（weigh）andcanstand45inchestall.Theyneedtheice4（produce）theirbabies，avoidoceangoingkillers，andfindfood.Whenseaice5（become）liquidearly，thespeciescandisappear.Thepopulationis6（present）stablewith270，000to280，000breeding（繁殖）pairs.Butresearchsuggeststhosenumberscouldfallbynearlyhalfinthenext30years，and