高考語法填空技巧

語法填空解題技巧解題步驟〔宗旨——先語境、后語法〕：〔1〕把握文章大意；〔2〕分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、理解句子意義；〔3〕運用語法知識、結(jié)合解題思路答題；〔4〕分析考點核實答案。要做到________、____、____、____、和________五方面結(jié)合；注意大小寫！篇章語境句意語法思路考點分析給出動詞給出提示詞的題給知名詞/形容詞/副詞不作謂語作謂語：考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致詞類轉(zhuǎn)換作非謂語語法填空解題思路〔一〕：填todo填doing填done作主語/賓語:表習(xí)慣/一般情況作目的/結(jié)果/形容詞后的狀語:與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系/動作正在進行表具體情況填todo作定/狀語/補語:與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系/動作已完成填doing作表/定/補語:作主/賓語:填形容詞填名詞飾動詞/形容詞/副詞/句子作狀語在冠詞/形'物'代詞后或“冠詞+形容詞”后填名詞填副詞詞性不變，詞義也不變填該詞的比較等級詞性不變，詞義相反加否認/反義的前/后綴表動作發(fā)生在將來填todo1.缺主語或賓語2.作主/賓/表語的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前，填冠詞填形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞填不定代詞3.名詞/代詞/動名詞在句中不作主/表，也不作動賓時，4.兩個或幾個單詞或短語間沒連詞，5.兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一句)間沒連詞，也沒分號/句號，語法填空解題思路〔二〕：純設(shè)空題填代詞前面填介詞填并列連詞填限定詞填附屬連詞6.假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞/表強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do/does/did等)給出提示詞的題考點歸納：〔1〕謂語的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、人稱和數(shù)〔2〕非謂語：todo;doing;done〔3〕詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞〔4〕形容詞和副詞的比較等級〔5〕變否認或反義的前、后綴純設(shè)空題考點歸納：〔1〕代詞：人稱、物主、指示、反身、不定〔2〕冠詞：a/an/the〔3〕介詞〔4〕連詞：并列、附屬〔5〕情態(tài)動詞、表強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞注意：連續(xù)3年都沒考查的考點〔1〕給出提示詞的題：謂語的被動語態(tài)；名詞：變否認或反義的前、后綴；〔2〕純設(shè)空題：物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞；并列連詞；情態(tài)動詞、表強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞；注意其構(gòu)成、數(shù)和所有格；首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。1.缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞。1.Whatwasworse,[19]____wasalreadydarkwhenIarrivedathishouse.

(12汕頭監(jiān)測)it2....themanundressed[24]________immediatelyanddoveintothewaterforhissword.

(12金山、揭陽一中聯(lián)考)himself2.名詞前是空格，假設(shè)該名詞前沒有限定詞，很可能是填冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或some,any,other,another,either,neither,less,more,little,few,many,much等。1.Afterhearingtheevidence,thejudgeaskedthemantodrop[24]____25-centcoinontheground.(12廣州調(diào)研)a2.Shewassodistressedaboutthemiseryofpoorpeoplethatsheleft[31]____finehometospendherlifeintheslumsofChicago.(10惠州一模)her3.Manymeanshadbeentriedbut[22]_____ofthemweregoodenoughtocatchtherats.(11惠州一模)none3.名詞或代詞前面是空格，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語，也不作動詞的賓語時，很可能是填介詞。4.假設(shè)兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填并列連詞。JaneAdamswasalsoactiveinfighting[35]______theuseofchildlaborandwar.(10惠州一模)againstIsoonfoundthatthekeyVernongavemecouldnotunlockeitherthefrontdoor[20]____thebackdoor.(12汕頭監(jiān)測)or5.假設(shè)兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列或附屬連詞。1.In1931,janeAdamswasawardedtheNobelPrizefor[40]______shehaddoneforsociety.

IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(10惠州一模)what2.TheOldLibrarytodaycontainsabout13,000manuscriptsandmorethan800,000books,[90]_____manyofthemarevery[91]valuable

(value).(12執(zhí)信期末考試)and6.假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do,does,did等)。IexplainedthatwhileIdidn’tcarryanycash,I[36]____happentohaveanewblanket,andaskedhimifhecoulduseit.Hewasthrilled.(10茂名一模)did7.假設(shè)缺狀語，一定是填副詞(在純空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常見的簡短的副詞)。Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyrespected.[18]_________,hewasdismissedfromoffice.

(11汕頭四校聯(lián)考)However(1)由itis…that…強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。…and[40]____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!(09廣州一模)_______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.注意：根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。itOnly(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等，還是填do,does,did等。(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。1.Lastyear,mydaughterwasdiagnosedwithleukemia(白血病).Itisstillhardtowritethatword.[16]____isevenhardertosayitoutloud,becauseitfeelslikethatwillmakeitmorereal.(11汕頭質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)2.Andthosewhofind[17]____difficulttoaddupthenumbershouldn’tfeeltoohopeless...(12六校聯(lián)考)Itit(4)so/such…that…句型。They[16]werecarried(carry)nearlyonemile,butwereletdownsogently[34]______noneofthethreewasseriouslyinjured.

(11佛山二模)that(5)more…than…(與其說……不如說……，比……更……)句型。Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares[40]_____howmuchhepays.(深圳寶安期末)thanBeinggoodatmathematicsmaybeentirelypre-destined—youeitherhaveit[16]_____youdon’t.(12六校聯(lián)考)or(6)either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso句型。代詞代詞考點歸納：1.人稱代詞：主格、賓格2.物主代詞：形容詞性、名詞性3.反身代詞4.指示代詞5.表示“兩者”(both/neither/either)或“多者”(all/none/any)的不定代詞6.表示“別的，另外的”(another,other,others,theother,theothers)不定代詞7.表示“每一”的each和every8.表示“一些”的some和any9.復(fù)合不定代詞：由every-,some-,any-,no-與-thing,-one,-body等構(gòu)成的不定代詞。10.替代詞it,that,those,one11.it的用法1.Roystonand[35]______volunteerscollect,packandgiveoutgiftsandcandy-15tonsoftoysandgoodies[36]donated(donate)byfolksandbusinesses....Angelscomeinallshapes,sizesandcostumes.Andallof[39]______bringhappinessandlittlemiraclesalong,[40]encouraging(encourage)otherstopassthemalong.(10惠州二模)2.Mr.Joneswokeearlyonemorning.Itwasabeautifulmorning,so[16]____

wenttothewindowandlookedout.(13惠州二模)otherthemhe3.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit____________.(全國)themselves4.Ifyourunaftertwoharesatthesametime,youwillcatch_______.neither5.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening,hewillstop23frequently(frequent)tolookback,makingsurethatthe[24]______isn'ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.〔11汕頭一模〕6.Movedbythebeautyofhismusic,thesemenrecognizedexcellenceandrespondedto[25]____.(11廣一模)otherit7._____ofuscouldlivewithoutotherpeople.None8.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_____inthecity.that9.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethe_____theyhave.ones10.…as[32]___tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists…(08佛山二模)it連詞連詞考點歸納：1.并列連詞:and,when(=andjustatthistime),notonly…but(also)…,neither…nor…;or,otherwise,orelse,either...or;but,yet,not…but…;while;for,so等2.引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞:when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,whenever,assoonas;where,wherever;because,as,since;sothat,inorderthat;incase,forfearthat等3.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞:that,whether,if,who(m),whose,which,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞:who,whom,that,which,when,where,why,as,whose等2.Immigrants[34]_____otherpoorpeoplecametohersettlementhouseforadviceandhelpaswellasforfun.

(10惠州一模)and1.…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme[36]____almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.(08深圳一模)and3.Thismadethegoatsojealous[34]______itbeganplottingagainst(謀劃對付)thedonkey.(07惠州二模)that

4.Ikeptthinkingof[21]_____Vernonwouldsaywhenhecameback.Iwasjustgoingtogiveup[22]______Inoticedthatonebedroomwindowwasslightlyopen.

(12汕頭監(jiān)測)

whatwhen5.[20]__________________theysupportedthetraveller,theyalsoagreedthatthewindwasblowingfromtheshoptotheplace[21]_______hehadeaten,carryingthesmellofthefriedfishtohim...Sheinsistedthat[23]_________________

themanhadenjoyedherfishsmell,heshouldpay25cents.(12廣州調(diào)研)

Though/Althoughwheresince/because/as6.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneral[20]_____orangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesametime.(12深圳期末考試)that7.Atlasttheytriedtofillintheplane[23]withcarbon-dioxide,[24]______poisonedalltheeightyratsbythepoisonousgas.(11惠州一模)which首先判斷要填的動詞在句中作謂語還是作非謂語。1.假設(shè)句中沒有謂語，或雖已有謂語，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；假設(shè)是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致。一、給出動詞的題ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,[40]_______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(08年廣一模)closed2.假設(shè)句中已有謂語、又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞：-ing、-ed或不定式。(1)作主語或賓語，通常表示具體情況用不定式，表示習(xí)慣或一般情況用-ing。MissBeanexpectedmetohavemyownopinionaboutdifficultquestionsandtaughtmethat[21]________(think)foroneselfwastherealkeytosuccessinlearning.(12深圳階段測試)thinking(2)作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和形容詞后的狀語，用不定式。

WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________(buy)presentsformydad.(10全國卷I)tobuy

Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山東卷)tobetold(3)作定語、狀語、或補語，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系、表動作正在進行，用-ing；是被動關(guān)系、表動作已完成，用done;表動作發(fā)生在將來用不定式。

_____________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

(10上海卷)Approaching3.有時給出的動詞既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換?！璽herewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist[34]__________(attract)…(08年廣一模)attractions二、給知名詞、副詞、形容詞的題：1.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換:〔1〕作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞。Previousresearchhasindicatedthat"numbersense"is[18]_____(base)tohumans.〔12六校第四次聯(lián)考〕basic〔2〕作主語或賓語，用名詞。[36]________(lazy),lying,stealingandsoonarealleasily-formedbadhabits.(10惠州三模)Laziness〔3〕在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞后，或“冠詞+形容詞”后，用名詞。HestudiedpianowiththegreatmastersofEuropeandachievedhugesuccessasa[17]________(music)andcomposerinhisearlyyears.(11廣州調(diào)研)musician〔4〕修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞。Whenapersondoesacertainthingagain,heisdrivenbyanunseenforcetodothesamething[32]___________(repeat);thenahabitisformed.(10惠州三模)repeatedly2.給出形容詞或副詞的題，如果詞性不變、詞義也不變，可能是考查其比較等級。ThenIheardpianomusicandsingingrisingabovethenoiseofthepeopleandthetraffic.Iwalkedmuch[17]______(slow)soIcouldfindoutwhereitwascoming[18]from.(12茂名二模)slower3.給出形容詞或副詞的題，如果詞性不用變、詞義相反，在詞根前、后表否認或反義的前、后綴un-，im-，-less等。Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimes[32]__________(possible),togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.(10惠州三模)impossible

2.WhenIexplainedthatmybaseballhadflewthroughMrsHolt'swindow,[33]_________(break)theglass,Steveencouragedmetoadmittoher.Afterall,Ishould[34]____________(play)intheparkandnotinthepath.(07年肇慶二模)haveplayed3.…butitisnotenoughonly[35]_____________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(09佛山一模)6.SevernldaysearlierMrCarlsson,whoistheownerofafishshop,waspreparingafreshloadoffish[36]________________(sell)athisshop.(07廣州調(diào)研)tomemorizebreakingtosell/tobesold-ing做結(jié)果狀語，且在作文中常用8.IlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadgivenattentiontosorarely,withtears[25]______(fill)myeyes.〔11惠州二?！砯illing10.Hehadwitnessedtoomany[19]_______(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryears[20]_______(early),inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled,woundedormissing.〔12佛山二?！砫eathsearlier1.Buttheleadersdidnotannounceany[32]________(detail)planforGreeceaftermeetingThursdayinBrussels.〔10廣二模〕4.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois[39]_____(true)rich.(09廣一模)detailedtruly6.WorriesoverGreekdebthavepushedtheeurotoits[36]______(low)valueinmonthsagainstthedollar.(10廣二模)7.Withthistheboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally[40]__________(speech).(09廣二模)8.[18]______________(fortunate),IforgotallaboutthebirdsuntilthenightbeforeVernonwasgoingtoreturn.(12汕頭監(jiān)測)lowestspeechlessUnfortunately1.[16]___tellsthestoryofmenandwomenwho,inthecourseofthemajoreventsofthelast150years,havegivenassistance[17]____victimsofwarsandnaturaldisasters.

(12佛山二模)Itto3.Unlike[23]_____previousstudiesproved,thisoneshowsthatthelink

[24]________numbersenseandmathsabilityisalreadypresentbeforethebeginningofformalmathsinstruction.(12六校聯(lián)考)whatbetween2.Thatwastheonlywaytheycouldpromote[24]___________andberecognized.

(11湛江一模)themselves6.Theyaimedtoshownotonlygood[24]

performance(s)(perform)duringthesevendays[25]____theirimageofself-improvingandhigh-levelsportmoral.(11佛山一模)but4.Peoplewith[21]varieties

(vary)oftalentscanberecognizedthroughtheInternet.[22]__________________,theInternetis[23]____opportunitytoputforwardone’stalents,creativity,andpowersinordertobenoticed.(12湛江一模)Thus/Therefore/Soan5.ListentothesewordsfromDarwinP.Kingsley:“Youhavepowersyouneverdreamedof.Youcandothingsyouneverthoughtyou[39]______do.”(10茂名二模)could

7.Sheaskedmeforahug,butIdidnotknowwhat[20]____word“hug”meant.So,Ijustlookedather[21]_____

aquestioningexpressiononmyface.Butshedidn’tgiveup.Shecalledmyfatherintotheroomandaskedhimtoexplaintomewhatshemeant.WhenhedidIlookedatmynewstep-momandwondered[22]____shewantedtohugme.Shethentoldmeitwasbecauseshelovedmeandyouhugpeoplewhenyoulove[23]______.SosheopenedherarmswideandtimidlyIopened

[24]______andwehugged.(12茂名一模)themminethewithwhy8.Hic!You'vejusthiccupped(打嗝)forthetenthtimesinceyoufinisheddinner.Wonder[16]______thesefunnynoisesarecomingfrom?Thepart[17]toblame

(blame)isyourdiaphragm,themuscle〔肌肉〕atthebottomofyourchest.Allhiccupsstarthere.

Thediaphragmalmostalways[18]works

(work)perfectly---itpullsdownwhenyoubreatheintohelppullairintothelungs[19]_______itmovesupwhenyoubreatheouttohelppushairoutofthelungs....Whenthisirregularbreathhitsyourvoicebox,you'releftwithabighiccup.Things[23]___________

botherthediaphragmincludeeatingtooquicklyortoomuch,stomachachesorfeelingnervous.Ifyouwanttoknow[23]____

togetridofhiccups,herearesome"cures".(11廣二模)whereand/orthat/whichhow(2012惠州二模)

RecentlyIfailedanexam．However,[16]when/afterIcameoutofmyteacher'soffice,Itoldmyself:"Smile!It'snotsoserious."

Ismiledabigsmileand[17]itworkedalittle,really．

Everyonegets[18]__________(frustrate)sometimes．IusedtobealwaysinfluencedbypressureandIwasofteninlowspirits．ButonedayIcame[19]acrossasentenceintheBible:“Donotbeanxiousabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillheanxiousforitself．Lettheday'sowntroublebesufficientfortheday．"Itsuddenlystruckme:形容詞frustrated"[20]________________(worry)aboutaproblemdoesn'thelp．Whynotjustgiveabigsmileandfaceup[21]tothetrouble?"NoweverytimeIwanttocry,Iremindmyselfthat[22]_____________〔laugh〕isbetterthantearsandanger．I[23]__________________(convince)thatthere'ssomethingmagicalaboutasmile．Asmilehelpsmerecoverconfidenceandgivesme[24]thecouragetomoveon．Remember,wheneveryou'refacedwithasetback,wheneveryou'vebeentreatedunfairly,allittakesisdeterminationandyoucanfeelhappyagain．Smileatlife,[25]anditwillshineonyou．名詞laughter非謂語Worrying謂語amconvinced我們的錯題集

1.I[77]______________(impress)byitsgarden-likecampus,itsenthusiasticstudentsandespeciallyitslearningatmosphere.Ioncefellinlovewithit.(12執(zhí)信月考)wasimpressedtofind4.Wewereastonished________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(10遼寧卷)5.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if________(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.(10浙江卷)7._______(seat)inyourhome,youarecapableoffindingalotofsources.(11湛江一模)9.Hewastoordersomeflowers[16]__________(send)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.Whenhegotoutofhiscarhenoticedayounggirlsittingontheroadside[17]_______(cry).〔12六校第三次聯(lián)考〕carriedSeatedtobesentcrying2."Thankyou.Ihavebeengoingthrougharoughtimelately,butyou'vemademe[25]________(hope)again."〔12茂名二?！?.Themantookherto[19]______(safe)，helpedhergetassistanceandputherintoataxicab.(12廣東沖刺卷八)5.Thensheheldupherhandtothedoctor,"Don'tcomeany[25]______(close)tous."(12揭陽水平考試)saftycloserhopeful11.The[23]___________(educate)person，ontheotherhand，iseitherunabletodosomethingnew，orjust[24]does

(do)itbadly.(12汕頭測評)uneducated8.ThegreatcityofVeniceisfamoustodayasapopulartouristdestinationandisrecognizedasoneoftheworld’smostbeautifulcit