2024年1月浙江省首考普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

2024年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語注意事項:1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemando?A.Aputertechnician.B.Ahotelreceptionist.C.Ashopassistant.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthegrocer's.B.Atthetailor's.C.Atthecleaner's.3.HowdidthespeakersetoSeattle?A.Byplane.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.4.Whatwillthespeakershavefordinnertoday?A.Friedrice.B.Noodles.C.Steak.5.HowisSophiefeelingnow?A.Confused.B.Worried.C.Tired.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodobeforenoon?A.Postaletter.B.Makeacard.C.Writeanemail.7Whosebirthdayisit?A.Richard's.B.Sarah's.C.Vera’s.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.WhatcoursedoesProfessorBrooksteach?A.PublicSpeaking.B.EuropeanHistory.C.EnglishLiterature.9.WhydoesVickyetotalkwithProfessorBrooks?A.Tosignupforhiscourse.B.Toaskforamakeuptest.C.Todiscussherhomework.聽第8段材料,回答第10至13題。10.WhatdoesLindadoforplaysandshows?A.Shegivesactorsadvice.B.Sheassignsrolestoactors.C.Shedesignsactors'clothes.11.WhatdoesLindaneedtoresearch?A.Thesettingofthestory.B.Thedecorationofthestage.C.Thenamesofthecharacters.12.WhodoesLindareportherworkto?A.Thedirector.B.Theeditor.C.Thephotographer.13.WhatdoesLindasayaboutherjob?A.Itpaysverywell.B.Itrequiresteameffort.C.Itinvolvesfrequenttravel.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題.14.WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractart?A.Ithaslastingartisticvalue.B.Itmakeslittlesensetohim.C.Itappealsmainlytochildren.15.Whatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethewoman?A.Hopefulness.B.Nervousness.C.Coldness.16.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecondpainting?A.Green.B.Purple.C.Red.17.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisSaturday?AAttendanartclass.B.Visitanexhibition.C.Buyanabstractpainting.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhatcausedtheclosureofPittwaterRoad?A.Afallentree.B.Afloodedriver.C.Acaraccident.19.WhathappenedatTownHallStation?A.Apoliceofficergothurt.B.Apassengerwentmissing.C.Thestationroofwasbroken.20.Whatareroadusersadvisedtodo?A.Driveatlowspeed.B.Postponetheirtrips.C.Followtrafficsigns.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳答案。ATomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35minutehandclapping,footstompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10thgraderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹由馬克·吐溫的作品所改編的音樂劇《湯姆·索亞：河上歷險記》?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.(本劇由喬·麥克多諾改編，大衛(wèi)·基索作曲。)”可知，本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tumer,a10thgraderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名創(chuàng)意與表演藝術(shù)學(xué)校的10年級學(xué)生，是辛辛那提舞臺上的?？?。他是兒童劇院的明星演員，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角，也是新澤西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成員。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞臺上的?？停瑑和瘎≡旱拿餍茄輪T，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角；根據(jù)第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSewyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年級學(xué)生。他是《湯姆·休厄》首演時的演員，也是兒童劇院的?？?，演出了五場。)”可知，McMath也是兒童劇院的常客；綜合以上信息可知，這兩位演員在舞臺上經(jīng)驗豐富。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.(給老師們的提示：兒童劇院有一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示了如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。如欲課程，請訪問兒童劇院官方網(wǎng)站。)”可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)，可通過兒童劇院的網(wǎng)站課程；由此可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了教育資源。故選D項。BWhenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstoeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minimunitylibrary”:anypasserbycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.5.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall. B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain. D.Toholdanaudition.6.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minimunitylibrary”?A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree. B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders. D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.7.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“l(fā)ibrary”?A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。隨著的普及，亭漸漸地被人們遺忘，作者家附近的最后一個亭被改造成了“迷你圖書館”，作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很多不錯的免費書籍，這讓作者覺得很棒?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.(我當(dāng)時在倫敦我那狹小的合租房子里為我的劇本進行試演。)”可知，此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點，所以it代指“合租房”。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.(所以，我打給查號臺，接通了女房東的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，他們給了我一把備用鑰匙，剛好來得及在演員們到來之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用亭是為了撥打緊急。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minimunitylibrary”:anypasserbycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.(最后一個被改造成了一個“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”：任何路過的人都可以從它的書架上“借”書，以后還回來，或者用自己收藏的另一本書來替換。)”可知，任何人都可以為“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”的捐贈圖書。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后四句“ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!(然后我注意到?？苏谶M行春季大掃除，把各種主題的大書一箱箱地扔到那里。而且這些書是免費的。這個無與倫比的價格點鼓勵我嘗試許多我通常不會考慮購買的標(biāo)題。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些很棒的書！)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)“迷你圖書館”里有很多免費的很棒的書，所以開始使用。故選C。COnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancepanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.ButfarmersineastcentralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancepaniesprotecttheCalgaryEdmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”O(jiān)nedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloudseedingpanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.8.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A.Conservemoistureinthesoil. B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.9.Whoareopposedtotheproject?A.FarmersineastcentralAlberta. B.Managersofinsurancepanies.C.Provincialgovernmentofficials. D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton10.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?A.Toparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Cloudseedingpanieswillcontinuetoexist.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了1991年9月7日，加拿大歷史上損失最大的冰雹襲擊了卡爾加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以來，一組保險公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項目上花費約200萬美元。飛機在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使小冰晶在變成危險的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心，“冰雹計劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處，寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancepanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.(因此，自1996年以來，一組保險公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制項目上花費約200萬美元。飛機在有威脅的風(fēng)暴中心中播撒一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使小冰晶在變成危險的冰雹之前像雨一樣落下)”可知，這個項目的目標(biāo)是防止冰雹的形成。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ButfarmersineastcentralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民們擔(dān)心，“冰雹計劃”飛行的下風(fēng)處，寶貴的水分正被人工降雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中東部的農(nóng)民反對這個項目。故選A項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”(查克·多斯韋爾是一位剛剛從俄克拉何馬大學(xué)退休的研究科學(xué)家，他對人工降雨的安全性持懷疑態(tài)度?！?999年，我在堪薩斯州親眼目睹了由種子風(fēng)暴細胞形成的重大龍卷風(fēng)，”多斯韋爾博士說?！叭斯そ涤陼圃熘旅L(fēng)暴還是減少順風(fēng)處的水分？當(dāng)然，沒有人真正知道，但是播種還在繼續(xù)?！?”可推知，多斯韋爾博士提到他在1999年看到的龍卷風(fēng)是為了提示人工降雨可能帶來的危險。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloudseedingpanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.(考慮到質(zhì)疑的程度，斯廷旺德建議，“停止人工降雨是明智的?！痹趯嵺`中，懷疑產(chǎn)生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù)，沒有人成功地贏得了對人工降雨公司的訴訟。因此，私人氣候工程可以在相對合法的安全條件下進行)”可推知，從最后一段我們能推斷出人工降雨公司將繼續(xù)存在。故選D項。DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Followupstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourputers,phones,andtablets

—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacaloriepoorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue

—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformationpoor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.12.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone. B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers. D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.13.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween___________.A.thecaloriepoorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily. B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources. D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMore B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在信息化時代我們作為成年人每天都在面對棉花糖測試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章對此進行了介紹。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每個孩子都被告知，如果他們在吃之前等待15分鐘，他們將得到第二次獎勵。)”可知，在米歇爾的測試中，孩子們需要在吃之前等待15分鐘才能得到第二次獎勵。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，當(dāng)我們重塑了我們周圍的世界，大大減少了獲取卡路里的成本和努力時，我們的大腦仍然和幾千年前一樣，這種不匹配是我們這么多人努力抵抗我們知道不應(yīng)該吃的誘人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根據(jù)第三段可知，豐富的食物供應(yīng)和我們不曾改變的大腦之間存在不匹配。故選C。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.(因此，就像我們需要更仔細地考慮我們的熱量消耗一樣，我們也需要更仔細地考慮我們的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的誘惑，以便最有效地管理我們的時間。)”可知，作者建議讀者做有選擇性的信息消費者。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作為成年人，我們每天都要面對棉花糖測試。誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對我們的作用就像棉花糖對學(xué)齡前兒童的作用一樣。)”可知，文章主要是講在信息化時代我們作為成年人每天都在面對棉花糖測試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbeeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.___16___Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?___17___Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.___18___“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.___19___Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.___20___Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orscheduleinpersonmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在線學(xué)習(xí)的注意事項?！?6題詳解】由上文“Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbeeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.(在過去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)對大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項“Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.(一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】由上文“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)適合你？)”可知，上文對在線課程提出疑問，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問，故F選項“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來確保盡可能好的成績？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】由上文“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.(在線學(xué)習(xí)最明顯的優(yōu)勢是你可以隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí))”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)具備的優(yōu)勢是可以讓你隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí)，本空要說跟“學(xué)習(xí)時間”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項“Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.(但這并不意味著沒有最后期限。)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，that指代上一句話，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】由下文“Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.(他指出，他的在線學(xué)生最終的成績通常較低)”可知，本空要說跟“在線老師”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項“ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.(AlexDavidson教授親自授課和在線授課)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D項中的“AlexDavidson教授”，符合題意。故選D?！?0題詳解】由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orscheduleinpersonmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社會關(guān)系通常是學(xué)習(xí)的重要組成部分。你可以做一些事情來緩解這個問題。本科生杰西卡·平克建議和朋友一起參加在線課程，這樣你們就可以互相激勵，堅持下去。你也可以在課堂討論板上找到學(xué)生，組織一個學(xué)習(xí)小組，或者安排與教授面對面的會議，討論課程概念)”可知，本空要說跟“人們之間的互動”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項“Thechiefplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(對在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whiletakinga20hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful____21____withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman____22____meonthetrain.My____23____friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe____24____topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad____25____atwoyearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob____26____highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost____27____,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould____28____atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican____29____asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I____30____himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto____31____myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,____32____,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he____33____mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom____34____withanopenmind,andawillingnessto____35____withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.21.A.experiment B.encounter C.petition D.appointment22.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached23.A.true B.socalled C.new D.longlost24.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right25.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded26.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding27.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable28.A.publish B.quote C.сорy D.download29.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students30.Aanticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch31.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith32.A.wellbehaved B.multiskilled C.warmhearted D.selfeducated33.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised34.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching35A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次在火車上偶遇了一個年輕的中國男子，在交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人見多識廣、自學(xué)成才，是一個令人欽佩的人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在中國西北部的塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣坐了20個小時的火車時，其間我與一個當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘环N謙卑、有教育意義的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，這是所有旅行者都渴望的。A.experiment實驗；B.encounter邂逅；C.petition比賽；D.appointment任命。根據(jù)后文“withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor”指作者和當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘淮蚊烂畹腻忮?。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向我走來。A.treated對待；B.saved拯救；C.lectured演講；D.approached靠近。根據(jù)后文“meonthetrain”以及后文兩人交談，可知一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個機會練習(xí)我的中文。A.true真的；B.socalled所謂的；C.new新的；D.longlost很久不見的。根據(jù)上文“AyoungChineseman”可知，兩人是在火車上認(rèn)識的，所以是新朋友。故選C。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個機會練習(xí)我的中文。A.chance機會；B.advice建議；C.trouble麻煩；D.right權(quán)利。根據(jù)后文“topracticemyChinese”可知，作者抓住這個機會練習(xí)中文。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A.visited拜訪；B.financed提供資金；C.attended參加，上(學(xué))；D.founded成立。根據(jù)后文“atwoyearprofessionalschool”可知，指這個年輕人去上了一個為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A.building修建；B.sweeping打掃；C.checking檢查；D.guarding守衛(wèi)。根據(jù)后文“highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily”可知，年輕人修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。故選A。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，也許最值得注意的是這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學(xué)習(xí)。A.typical典型的；B.obvious顯然的；C.natural自然的；D.remarkable引人注目的。根據(jù)后文“thismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.”可知，這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學(xué)習(xí)，這是最值得注意的品質(zhì)。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會眼都不眨地引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，然后再詢問美國作家對文學(xué)的整體影響。A.publish出版；B.quote引用；C.copy復(fù)制；D.download。根據(jù)后文“atranslatedEmersonpassage”指引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他會眼都不眨地引用翻譯過的愛默生的一段話，然