中考英語課件（廣東專版）第一部分第九節(jié)被動語態(tài)

第一部分語法突破第九節(jié)被動語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。新課程標準要求掌握被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和一般將來時。被動語態(tài)是中考必考點之一,一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)5年1考,一般過去時的被動語態(tài)5年3考,一般將來時的被動語態(tài)5年1考,一般每年會輪流考查。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成,助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。序號時態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句時間狀語1一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone肯定句：Alotofbooksarekeptinourschoollibrary.否定句：Alotofbooks____________

inourschoollibrary.

一般疑問句：—Arealotofbookskeptinyourschoollibrary？—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.特殊疑問句：Whatarekeptinyourschoollibrary？always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday/morning,twiceaweek…aren’tkept

序號時態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句時間狀語2一般過去時was/weredone肯定句：Athiefwascaughtlastnight.否定句：Athiefwasn’tcaughtlastnight.一般疑問句：—

？

—Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.特殊疑問句：Whowascaughtlastnight？yesterday,justnow,lastweek,twoyearsago,inthepast,in2017…Wasathiefcaughtlastnight序號時態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句時間狀語3一般將來時willbedone/begoingtobedone肯定句：TheclassmeetingwillbeheldnextSaturdayafternoon.否定句：Theclassmeetingwon’tbeheldnextSaturdayafternoon.一般疑問句：WilltheclassmeetingbeheldnextSaturdayafternoon？特殊疑問句：

theclassmeeting

？

tomorrow,soon,nextweek,inthefuture,intwodays…Whenwillbeheld二、被動語態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者Thefloorhasbeencleaned.沒有必要或不想說出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者Ameetingwillbeheldtomorrow.強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時,含“被”“受”的含義TheChineseareinfluencedbyConfucius’thoughts.動作的發(fā)出者不是人Alotofhousesweredestroyedintheearthquake.注意：用被動語態(tài)時,如指出動作的執(zhí)行者,常用結(jié)構(gòu)“by+動詞執(zhí)行者(賓格)”。如：MidnightwaswrittenbyMaoDun.《子夜》是茅盾寫的。三、易錯點突破1.不及物動詞(短語)如happen,takeplace,begin,become,go,come,comeout,die,rise等無被動語態(tài)。(1)Theeveningpartywill

(takeplace)onNewYear’sEve.

(2)Theparty

(begin)at8：00lastnight.

takeplacebegan2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。(1)系動詞appear,become,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn無被動語態(tài),用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義。Yourmotherlooksveryyoung.你媽媽看起來很年輕。Yourideasoundsverycreative.你的主意聽起來很有創(chuàng)意。(2)write,read,sell,wash,open等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物時,用主動形式表示被動意義。Thispenwriteswell.這支鋼筆很好寫。Thisnewbooksellswell.這本新書賣得很好。(3)need,want,require等詞后加動詞-ing,相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式,即need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone。Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.這房子需要修理。(4)beworthdoing用主動形式表被動意義。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。3.表示客觀的說明常用“Itis+過去分詞+that從句”句型或“主語+be+過去分詞+todosth.”。這類句型有：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道……Itisbelievedthat…大家相信…… Itishopedthat…大家希望……Itiswell-knownthat…眾所周知…… Itisthoughtthat…大家認為……Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議……(1)

(據(jù)報道)thatanairplanedisappearedinMarch.

(2)

(眾所周知)thatMarywillmovetotheUSA.

ItisreportedItiswell-known4.被動語態(tài)后面動詞形式的選擇主動句中的感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,使役動詞let,make,have等,后跟省略to的不定式做賓語補足語,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r要加上to。(1)Hewasseen

(steal)moneylastnight.

(2)Kateisheard

(play)thepianoeveryevening.

tostealtoplay5.動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時,必須保留其后的介詞或副詞。如：Thenursetakesgoodcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanistakengoodcareofbythenurse.(1)Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’t

byus.

(2)Helooksafterhisgrandparentswell.→Hisgrandparents_______

wellbyhim.

belaughedatarelookedafter6.含有雙賓語的句子變成被動語態(tài)時,有兩種形式：(1)直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語時,間接賓語前要加to/for。如：Hegavemeabookyesterday.→Abookwasgiventomeyesterday.Myfatherboughtmeabikelastweek.→Abikewasboughtformebymyfatherlastweek.(2)間接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。如：Myfriendtoldmeastory.→Iwastoldastorybymyfriend.7.被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別(1)被動語態(tài)表示主語為承受者時所承受的動作；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.(動作)這家商店9點關(guān)門。Thisshopisclosedtoday.(狀態(tài))這家商店今天不營業(yè)。(2)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配,被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中則沒有。MissTangissatisfiedwithus.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))唐老師對我們很滿意。(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。Heissoworriedabouthisexam.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))他非常擔(dān)心他的考試。(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,而被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)則可用于多種時態(tài)。一、被動語態(tài)在語法選擇中的考查被動語態(tài)基本每年都考查,但是又屬于學(xué)生們失分比較多的考點。做題時先觀察選項,可以先確定哪一題考查被動語態(tài),然后根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和前后文的時態(tài)確定答案。被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+動詞的過去分詞,注意be動詞的時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。滿分突破1.(2023·廣東中考·8題)Attheageofseven,Davidhadhisfirstastronaut(宇航員)trainingexperience.Heandhisparents________

toaFamilySpaceCamp.

A.invited B.areinvited C.wereinvitedC2.(2023·廣州中考·3題)Butthelastonethatcameoutwasnotstrongatall.Thislittleone

LittleSix.

A.called

B.wascalling

C.wascalled

D.werecalledC3.(2022·廣東中考·37題)Studentsintheschool

togetupat6：45a.m.topracticetheirbasicskills,butWanggotupat6：00inthemorning.

A.ask B.asked

C.wereaskedC4.(2021·廣東中考·39題)Somepeople

tocheckoutthebridgebeforetheopening.Jerrywasoneofthem.

A.areinviting

B.areinvited

C.wereinvited

D.wereinvitingC5.(2021·廣州中考·14題)Thecorn

—allbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbesttodowhatitcould.

A.save

B.saved

C.issaved

D.wassavedD6.(2023·陽江市一模)Manypeople

byOliver’sstoryandtheygiveawayfreematerialstohim.

A.areencouraged

B.areencouraging

C.haveencouragedA二、被動語態(tài)在短文填空中的考查在短文填空中,被動語態(tài)比較少設(shè)置考題,近五年僅考查過一次,考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài),可根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系判斷。(2023·汕頭市一模)MomsaidthattheChinesefanwasagoodchoice,forChineseis

as“theFanKingdom”.

known/regarded/seen/thought/considered(

)1.Breakfast

everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.

(2023·河北省)A.provides B.provided C.isprovided D.wasprovided(

)2.—ThepandaYaYa

backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.(2023·岳陽市)

A.isbroughtB.wasbroughtC.willbebroughtCB真題鏈接(

)3.Somephotosofthemoon

intheSpaceClubnextweek.(2023·天津市)

A.shows B.isshowing C.wereshown D.willbeshown(

)4.Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey

intoschools.(2023·安徽省)

A.introduce B.Introduced C.areintroduced D.wereintroducedDD(

)5.Sandturnstoglasswhenit

bylightning.(2023·揚州市)

A.hits B.ishit C.ishitting D.willbehitB(

)6.—Wouldyoumindtellingmeifhe

themeetingintwodays？

—Hewon’t,unlesshe

.(2023·達州市)

A.willattend；isinvited B.attends；willbeinvited C.willattend；invitesA(

)7.HouYi

magicmedicineforshootingdowntheninesuns,thenPangMengtriedtostealit.(2023·江西省)

A.gives B.hasgiven C.gave D.wasgiven(

)8.Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees

nextyear.

(2023·連云港市)A.plant B.willplant C.areplanted D.willbeplantedDD(

)9.—Hanfulovers

walkingdownthestreetinmanycities.

—Well,wearinghanfuhelpstounderstandtheChineseculture.(2023·新疆維吾爾自治區(qū))A.canbefound B.canfind

C.mustbefound

D.mustfindA(

)10.—Students

afewopenquestionsinMs.Li’sclass,didyounoticethat？

—Yes,Ithinkshewantedtotraintheirabilityofcreativethinking.(2023·營口市)A.areasked B.wereasked

C.willbeasked

D.shouldbeaskedB語法選擇(2023·揭陽市一模)

ChinesekungfuisknownasChinesemartialarts(武術(shù)).Itis

1

importantpartoftraditionalChineseculture.Anditisprobablyoneof

2

sportswithalonghistory.

模擬突破 Chinesekungfudatesbacktotheancientsociety.Atthattime,peopleusedsticks

3

againstwildanimals.Gradually,theylearnedtoprotect

4

.DuringtheShangDynasty,soldiers

5

intheformofkungfu.Sofar,theterm“kungfu”

6

anumberoffightingstyles.Themostfamousonesaretaichi,Shaolinkungfuandqigong.

7

itisaboutfighting,Chinesekungfustandsforpeaceinsteadofviolence(暴力).Ithastodowithexercise,self-protectionandfitness.Nowadays,kungfuisgettingmuchmorepopular

8

peopleandevenbecomesas