（江蘇專用）高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 The written word知能演練輕松闖關(guān)（含解析）牛津譯林版選修8-牛津版高三選修8英語(yǔ)試題

Unit1ThewrittenwordA卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單項(xiàng)填空1．(2019·南京四校聯(lián)考)Therestaurantcertainlyliveduptoits________；thefoodwasdelicious.A．reputation B．exhibitionC．tendency D．transformationA解析：liveuptoitsreputation“配得上其名聲；名副其實(shí)”。根據(jù)后一分句“thefoodwasdelicious”可知答案。2．Intheeyesofapoliceman,it’susuallyverydangeroustogetclosetothe________criminal.Hemaydoanythinghewouldtoescape.A．desperate B．consciousC．primitive D．sensitiveA解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意：在警察的眼里，接近孤注一擲的罪犯通常是非常危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樽锓笧榱颂优?，什么事都做得出?lái)。根據(jù)句意，這里用desperate修飾criminal,表示“絕望的，孤注一擲的”。故選A項(xiàng)。3．Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders________theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves.A．employ B．takeC．a(chǎn)buse D．overlookC解析：abuseone’sauthority是短語(yǔ)，意思是“瀆職”，符合句意“據(jù)披露，一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)，為個(gè)人謀福利”。所以答案是C項(xiàng)。4．Herearesignsthatheis________.It’salongtimesincehesmoked.A．changing B．improvingC．reforming D．varyingC解析：change和vary意為“變化”，普通用語(yǔ)，只說(shuō)明“變化”這一現(xiàn)象。improve和reform都有“變化(主要指向好的方面)”的意思，但improve用作這一意思時(shí)，主語(yǔ)通常是sth.。reform可以指人改掉一些不好的習(xí)慣等。根據(jù)后一句的意思“他已經(jīng)好久不吸煙了”以及前一句空格前的主語(yǔ)he可知答案應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。5.Itwasreally________ofyourbrothernottoplaytheguitarwhileyouwerepreparingyourlessons.A．considerate B．generousC．typical D．determinedA解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意：你兄弟在你準(zhǔn)備功課時(shí)不彈吉他，真是體貼。considerate“體貼的”，符合句意。generous“慷慨的”；typical“典型的，平常的”；determined“堅(jiān)決的”。6．Wehavenodoubtthatifthestudents’interestinthesubjectisaroused,theywill________thechallengeandcommitmoreoftheirtimeandenergytotheirstudies.A．faceupto B．keeppacewithC．putupwith D．liveuptoA解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們毫不懷疑，如果學(xué)生在某一科目的興趣被激發(fā)了，他們將會(huì)面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)并在他們的學(xué)習(xí)上投入更多的時(shí)間和精力。A．faceupto面對(duì)；B．keeppacewith與……齊步同行，并肩前進(jìn)；C．putupwith容忍； D．liveupto不辜負(fù)。所以選A。7．Havingpaidoffalltheir________，theBlacksarenow________financialproblems.A．debts;freeof B．money;freeofC．debts;freefrom D．money;freeforC解析：paidoffalltheirdebts“還清所有的債務(wù)”。freefrom“使擺脫(不好的東西);解除”。8．Topersuadedriversto________checkingtheirphoneswhenevertheybeep,NewYorkstateplanstointroduceso-calledTextingZonesalongitsmajorhighwaystomakesureofthedrivers’safety.A．a(chǎn)llow B．resistC．a(chǎn)dmit D．insistB解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A．a(chǎn)llow同意，allowsb.todosth.;B．resist拒絕、抵制，resistdoingsth.;C．a(chǎn)dmit承認(rèn)，admitdoingsth.;D．insist堅(jiān)持insistdoingsth.。句意：為了勸說(shuō)司機(jī)無(wú)論何時(shí)電話響起都不要接聽(tīng)電話(即為抵制),紐約州打算引進(jìn)所謂的TextingZones,把它們?cè)O(shè)置在主干道的兩旁來(lái)確保司機(jī)的安全，故選B。9．(2019·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)徐連六市調(diào)研)—Howwasyourinterviewforgoingabroadtostudy?—Oh,Icouldn’tfeelany________.Ihardlyunderstoodmostofthequestionstheyasked.A．worse B．harderC．happier D．betterA解析：any修飾比較級(jí)，通常用于否定句，答語(yǔ)句意：“噢，我感覺(jué)糟糕極了，我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不懂他們問(wèn)的大部分問(wèn)題。”10．Hardworkandlackofsleephas________herbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.A．wornout B．triedoutC．madeout D．sentoutA解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：最近幾年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗盡了她的美麗和青春年華。本句中的wearout表示“耗盡……”。wearout“用壞，穿破，筋疲力盡，耗盡”；tryout“嘗試”；makeout“辨認(rèn)出，理解”；sendout“發(fā)送，發(fā)出”。故選A。11．—Theexamwaseasy,wasn’tit?—Yes,butIdon’tthink________couldpassit.A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nybodyC．nobody D．everybodyD解析：考查部分否定。句意：——這次考試很容易，對(duì)嗎？——是呀，但我想也不是每個(gè)人都能通過(guò)。12.LikeWenJiabao,LiKeqiangalsogainsgood________amongChineseforhislearnedknowledgeandgreatcareforordinarypeople.A．contribution B．expectationC．reputation D．civilizationC解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：像溫家寶一樣，李克強(qiáng)也因自己淵博的學(xué)識(shí)還有對(duì)平民大眾的關(guān)愛(ài)，在中國(guó)人當(dāng)中擁有良好的聲譽(yù)。reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”，符合句意。contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；expectation“期待”；civilization“文明”。13．Themoneyweareraising________forthepoorboywhowasbornwithaweakheart.A．intended B．intendsC．wasintended D．isintendedD解析：句意：我們正在籌集的錢是為這個(gè)患有先天性心臟病的可憐的孩子準(zhǔn)備的。weareraising為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞money,beintendedfor“為……準(zhǔn)備”。14．(2019·江蘇鹽城模擬)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducation________ismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.A．nothing B．noneC．either D．a(chǎn)nythingB解析：句意：在影響高等教育發(fā)展的各種力量中，沒(méi)有比出國(guó)留學(xué)的影響更廣泛的。A．nothing沒(méi)有什么東西；B．none一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有，一個(gè)也沒(méi)有；C．either兩者中的任何一個(gè)；D．a(chǎn)nything任何東西。根據(jù)前面的of短語(yǔ)，可知應(yīng)用none。故選B。15．—Ifourparentswouldlistenmoretous,theywouldunderstandusbetter.—________.Theyjustexpectustolisten.A．Ibelievenot B．NoproblemC．Goodidea D．Ican’tagreemoreD解析：考查交際用語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上下文，尤其是下文Theyjustexpectustolisten.可知是同意，Ican’tagreemore我再同意不過(guò)了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解JonHoffmanwassittingataredlightwhenhesawamanrunoutofastorecarryingaplasticdonationjarfullofcash.Dressedinplainclothes，JonHoffmancaughtthemanandpressedhimagainstthehood(引擎蓋)ofhiscar.ButHoffmanhadtroublecontrollingthethief，andtheygotintoastruggle.“Thedetectivehasamilitarybackground，andhesaidhethoughtthesuspectmusthaveamilitarybackground，too，becausehewasabletobreakawaysoeasily，”alocalpolicespokespersonsaid.Thedetectivecalledoutforhelpasacrowdgathered.AmongthosewatchingwereHarveyandKirby，twodaylaborers.Harveydidwhathasbecomecommonthesedays—hetookouthisphonetoshootthevideo.“Ihatetosayit，butIthoughtthatthispolicemanwasdoingsomethingstupid，”Harveysaid.“Butwhenheaskedforhelp，Ithought，well，therewouldn’tbeshootingifIgotoverthereintime.”Harveyjumpedintoaction，whilehewasstillrecordingthevideo.SodidKirby.“Harveycaughtholdofthesuspect’sarms，whileKirbyseizedhislegs，andtheywereabletogetthesuspecttothegroundtohelpDetectiveHoffmanputthehandcuffs(手銬)on，”saidthepolicespokesperson.The27-year-oldsuspectwaschargedwithresistingarrestandotheroffenses.Thecharityjarhestoleheldlessthan$50.“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofthelawseveraltimesinmylife，”Harveysaid.“Itfeelsgoodtobeontherightsideanddosomethingpositive.”Afterthearrest，thethreemengottoknoweachotheratalocalsteakhouse—Hoffman’streat，asathankyou.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞故事，講述了一位偵探在兩位臨時(shí)工的協(xié)助下制服一名嫌疑人的過(guò)程。1．WhatmadeHoffmancallforhelpwhenarrestingthesuspect?A．Hewasnotonduty.B．Hecouldn’tcontrolthesuspect.C．Heneededwitnessestosupporthim.D．Hewantedtopushthethiefintothecar.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，Hoffman控制住那個(gè)嫌疑人有困難，并且他們扭打在一起。故選項(xiàng)B正確。2．WhatcanbeinferredaboutHarvey?A．Hewasreadytobreakthelaw.B．Hewasoutofworkatthattime.C．Hehadagoodmilitarybackground.D．Hemighthavehadsomeillegaldeeds.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofthelawseveraltimesinmylife”可知，Harvey曾經(jīng)違反過(guò)法律，所以選項(xiàng)D“他可能有過(guò)一些違法行為”是正確的。3．WhatisHoffman’sattitudetowardsHarveyandKirby?A．Grateful. B．Prejudiced.C．Skeptical. D．Admirable.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hoffman’streat，asathankyou”可知，嫌疑人被捕后，Hoffman請(qǐng)Harvey和Kirby吃飯，作為對(duì)他們的感謝。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)任務(wù)型閱讀Peerlearning(同伴學(xué)習(xí))isalargecategorythatincludesactivitiesthroughwhichstudentslearnfromandworkwitheachother.Peerlearninggetstroublesomeformanyteachersbecauseoftheideathatstudentsareteachingeachother.Beyondprofessionalresponsibilitiesandfeelingsareworriesastowhatandhowstudentsarelearningfromeachother.Theydon’thaveenoughexpertknowledge，whichmakesithighlylikelythattheyareteachingcontentatasuperficial(淺顯的)level.Chancesarealsogoodthatstudentsareteachingandlearningsomeofthecontentincorrectly.Whatstandsalongsidethoseconcernsisallsortsofevidencedocumentingthatstudentscananddolearnfromandworkwitheachother.Whenstudentshaveaquestionaboutsomethingthat’shappeninginacourse,whodotheyaskfirst?Mostofthetime,it’snottheprofessor.Theytalktoanotherstudentwhoanswersthequestion,offersadvice,sharesinformation,orregistersanopinion.Thatdynamicmeansthatstudentsareregularlylearningfromotherstudents.So,wemuststartbyacceptingthatpeerlearningisnotsomethingeasilypreventable,butisitsomethingweshouldcultivate?Forstarters,peersspeakeachother’slanguage.No,it’snotacademictalks.Butitisalanguageandaperspectivethatmakessensetostudents,whichcanhelpstartersgainafootholdtowardunderstanding.Thenthere’stheadvantagethatcomeswithjusthavinglearnedsomething.Whataccompaniesrecentlearningexperiencesarememoriesofwhatledtotheunderstanding.Ifwhatyou’retryingtoexplainissomethingyoulearned20yearsago，chancesaregoodthatyourmemoryofwhatitlookedlikewhenyoufirstencountereditisunclear.“It’seasy，”saystheprofessorwhocan’tunderstandwhythestudentdoesn’tgetit.Buttothestudentstrugglingtounderstand,it’snoteasy;anotherstudentmayhavemoreempathyandawaytoexplainitthatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor.Inaddition,studentsfeelsafergoingtoapeerthantotheprofessor.Peersareequals,fellowlearners.Professorsknowsomuchmorethatitcanbeintimidating.Whowantstolookstupid,confused,orunabletounderstandsomethinginfrontoftheprofessor？Whatiftheprofessorrememberstheencounterwhengivingoutgrades？Ifstudentsgotoanotherstudent,heorshemaynotknowtheanswer,butatleastthereisnoriskoflookingstupidorhavingitaffectyourgrade.So,peershavesometeachingadvantagesthatteachersarehardtogain.Butwhatifastudentpassesalongwronginformationorteachesthecontentincorrectly?Therealityofthathappeningroundsusbacktotheneedforteachersandstudentstothinkdifferentlyaboutmistakes—seeingthemasopportunitiesforlearning,morepowerfulthanfirstlandingonthecorrectanswer.Yes,mistakescanbecostly，buttheyaren’tascostlyincollegeastheywillbeonthejobandinlife.Moreover，courseshaveteacherspresenttoensurethatthecorrectanswerispartofwhat’slearnedfrommakingthemistake.Topic：PeerLearningOutlineSupportingdetailsConcernsoverpeerlearning?Theyarenot1.____________asateacherduetoashortageofprofessionalknowledge.?They’relikelytobeteachingorlearning2.____________content.3.____________ofpeerlearning?Peerlearningenablesstudentstoget4.____________helpfromtheirpeers.?Peerstudentshavetheirown5.____________togetthemessageacrosstoeachotherwithouttheapplicationofacademicterms.?Peerstudentswiththesamerecentlearningexperiencecanhelpothersto6.____________moreeasilyandaremorelikelytofindawaythatis7.____________totheprofessor.?Studentshaveasenseof8.____________whenturningtotheirpeersandifaskingtheirprofessorforhelp,theymayleavean9．____________impressiononhim,thusaffectingtheirgrade.Conclusion?Withitsownteachingadvantages,peerlearningis10.____________tryingwhetherpeersareofferedrightorwronganswers.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇議論文，主要講的是同伴學(xué)習(xí)的好處。1．qualified解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theydon’thaveenoughexpertknowledge,whichmakesithighlylikelythattheyareteachingcontentatasuperficial(淺顯的)level.”可知，人們認(rèn)為同伴因缺乏足夠的專業(yè)知識(shí)而沒(méi)有資格當(dāng)老師。bequalifiedas“適于做，有擔(dān)任……的資格”。2．incorrect解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Chancesarealsogoodthatstudentsareteachingandlearningsomeofthecontentincorrectly.”可知，人們還擔(dān)心同伴教的內(nèi)容和學(xué)的內(nèi)容不正確。3．Benefits/Advantages/Profit解析：信息概括題。根據(jù)第三至六段的內(nèi)容及表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知，此處主要講的是向同伴學(xué)習(xí)的好處。4．timely解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段中的“whodotheyaskfirst...orregistersanopinion”可知，學(xué)生有了問(wèn)題第一時(shí)間詢問(wèn)的是他們的同伴，而不是老師，相比之下，從同伴那兒更能得到及時(shí)的幫助。timely“及時(shí)的”。5．language/way解析：直接信息題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Forstarters,peersspeakeachother’slanguage.No,it’snotacademictalks.Butitisalanguage”可知，同伴可以用他們自己明白且易懂的語(yǔ)言而非復(fù)雜難懂的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流。此處亦可填way“方式，方法”。6．understand解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Buttothestudentstrugglingtounderstand,it’snoteasy;anotherstudentmayhavemoreempathyandawaytoexplainitthatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor.”可知，有著相似學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷的同伴可以幫助他人更好地理解所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。7．strange/foreign解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“anotherstudent...thatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor”可知，同伴之間使用的教學(xué)方法也許會(huì)是老師想不到的。(be)strange/foreigntosb.“對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)是陌生的”。8．safety/security解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的首句“Inaddition,studentsfeelsafergoingtoapeerthantotheprofessor.”可知，學(xué)生覺(jué)得向同伴學(xué)習(xí)的話會(huì)更有安全感。9．unfavorable解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)生擔(dān)心去問(wèn)老師的話會(huì)給老師留下不好的印象，從而對(duì)自己的成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定不利。10．worth解析：信息概括題。文章最后一段總結(jié)全文，作者認(rèn)為盡管向同伴學(xué)習(xí)存在一些令人擔(dān)心的因素，但是考慮到錯(cuò)誤在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中也是一種學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，因此作者認(rèn)為這種學(xué)習(xí)方法是值得嘗試的。beworthdoing“值得做”。B卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空Manystudentsoftensaythattheydon’thave“enoughtime”todoalltheirschoolwork.My__1__isoftenbrief,“Youhaveasmuchtimeasthepresident.”Iusuallycarryonabitabout__2__twentyfourhoursinthedayforeveryone,andsuggestthat“notenoughtime”isnota(n)__3__explanationof__4__somethingdone.__5__ingraduateschool,Itriedtoprovetooneofmyprofessors__6__sayingthatIwasworkinghard.Hisanswertomewas,“That’sirrelevant.__7__isimportantisthe__8__ofyourwork.”SincethenIhavehadtimetothinkcarefullyaboutthetrickof“__9__”，andIhavecometosome__10__allrelevanttotheproblemofhowmuchtimewehave.Ifyouanalyzethematter,youcanidentifytwopartsoftheproblem:Thereis,__11__，thematterof“time”，whichwecanthinkof__12__.Thenthereistheproblemof“work”duringthattime.But,asmyprofessorsuggested,it’snothowhardoneworks__13__thequalityoftheproductthat’simportant.Thatledmetoanewidea:thequalityofthework.That__14__isperhapsbestexplainedbyasignIoncesawonthewallinsomeone’soffice：“Don’tworkharder.__15__．”Thereisalotofsenseinthatidea.Ifyoucan’tgetmoretime,andfewofuscan,theonlysolutionistoimprovethequalityofthework.Thatmeansthinkingofwaystogetmoreoutof__16__timethanwemightotherwiseget.Thatshouldleadustoananalysisofourworkhabits.Since“work”forstudentsusuallymeans“homework”，theexpression“workhabits”shouldbereadas“__17__habits”．Then,asasmartstudent,youwill__18__thoseskillsthatyouuseinstudy，_19__readingandwriting.Ifyoulearntoreadbetterandwritebetter,therearebigbenefitsthat__20__inallyourstudies.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了“工作和學(xué)習(xí)不要總是強(qiáng)調(diào)更勤奮，而應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)更聰明”這一觀點(diǎn)，指出應(yīng)當(dāng)提高自己的工作質(zhì)量和工作效率，而不是一味強(qiáng)調(diào)“勤奮”。1．A．question B．ideaC．reply D．keyC解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Youhaveasmuchtimeasthepresident.”可知，該處回答了上文的疑問(wèn)；C項(xiàng)意為“回答”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“問(wèn)題”，B項(xiàng)意為“想法”，D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)鍵，答案”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。2．A．therebeing B．thereareC．therebe D．theretobeA解析：根據(jù)該句中的“twentyfourhoursinthedayforeveryone”可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24小時(shí)，故用“therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“存在，有”，介詞about后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．A．strange B．a(chǎn)cceptableC．surprising D．demandingB解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24小時(shí)，所以“沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間”作為解釋是不能接受的；B項(xiàng)意為“可接受的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“令人驚訝的”；D項(xiàng)意為“要求高的，費(fèi)力的”。4．A．nogetting B．notgettingC．noletting D．notlettingB解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，每個(gè)人每天都有24小時(shí)，所以“沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間”不能解釋沒(méi)有完成工作。getsomethingdone為固定搭配，意為“完成某事”，該處表示否定，前面用not，故B項(xiàng)正確。5．A．Sincethen B．JustnowC．Ever D．OnceD解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Itriedtoprovetooneofmyprofessors”，結(jié)合下文的“Hisanswertomewas”可知，該處敘述的是一件過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，D項(xiàng)意為“曾經(jīng)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“從那時(shí)起”；B項(xiàng)意為“剛剛，剛才”；C項(xiàng)意為“曾經(jīng)”。6．A．by B．inC．on D．uponA解析：根據(jù)該句中的“sayingthatIwasworkinghard”可知，“我”試圖通過(guò)說(shuō)“我”自己工作勤奮來(lái)向“我”的一位教授證明自己；A項(xiàng)表示方式，故A項(xiàng)正確。7．A．That B．WhatC．Whether D．IfB解析：分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，也作該從句的主語(yǔ)，故用連接代詞what；該句意“重要的是你的工作質(zhì)量”，故B項(xiàng)正確。8．A．quantity B．a(chǎn)mountC．number D．qualityD解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Iwasworkinghard”，結(jié)合該句語(yǔ)境和第三段最后一句中的“quality”可知，教授對(duì)“工作勤奮”的回答是“重要的是工作質(zhì)量”；D項(xiàng)意為“質(zhì)量”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“數(shù)量”；B項(xiàng)意為“數(shù)量”；C項(xiàng)意為“數(shù)字”。9．A．hardworker B．honeststudentC．busypresident D．futuregraduateA解析：根據(jù)該段第一句中的“Iwasworkinghard”，結(jié)合空前一句教授對(duì)此的回應(yīng)可知，從那時(shí)起“我”就開(kāi)始仔細(xì)思考“勤奮工作者”的技巧；A項(xiàng)和“workinghard”匹配，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的學(xué)生”；C項(xiàng)意為“忙碌的總統(tǒng)”；D項(xiàng)意為“未來(lái)的畢業(yè)生”。10．A．constructions B．contributionsC．conclusions D．concentrationsC解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Ihavecometo”，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，就此問(wèn)題，“我”已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論。C項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)論”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“建筑”；B項(xiàng)意為“貢獻(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“集中”。11．A．ofcourse B．infactC．a(chǎn)saresult D．a(chǎn)sawholeA解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，這一問(wèn)題中最重要的當(dāng)然是時(shí)間；A項(xiàng)意為“當(dāng)然”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”；C項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果是……”；D項(xiàng)意為“作為整體”。12．A．iffollowed B．iffixedC．a(chǎn)sfollowed D．a(chǎn)sfixedD解析：根據(jù)空后一句“Thenthereistheproblemof‘work’duringthattime.”可知，接下來(lái)是在此期間的“工作”問(wèn)題；據(jù)此可以判斷，該處是說(shuō)，人們總是認(rèn)為時(shí)間是固定不變的，故D項(xiàng)正確。13．A．so B．butC．nor D．a(chǎn)ndB解析：根據(jù)該句中的“it’snothowhardoneworks______thequalityoftheproductthat’simportant”可知，并不是工作多么勤奮，而是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量才是重要的；not...but...為固定搭配，意為“不是……而是……”。14．A．concept B．senseC．explanation D．solutionA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“anewidea”可知，該處指這種新觀念(concept)，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“感覺(jué)”；C項(xiàng)意為“解釋”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決辦法”。15．A．Workmoresmartly B．WorkfasterC．Thinktwice D．ThinkaloudA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Don’tworkharder.”可知，工作不要更努力；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處與此對(duì)應(yīng)，意為“工作要更聰明”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“工作更快”；C項(xiàng)意為“三思而行”；D項(xiàng)意為“自言自語(yǔ)”。16．A．a(chǎn)little B．themoreC．theless D．thesameD解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，更聰明地工作意味著在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)想出能得到更多的方法，故D項(xiàng)正確。17．A．living B．studyC．thinking D．sleepingB解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Since‘work’forstudentsusuallymeans‘homework’，theexpression‘workhabits’shouldbereadas”可知，對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，工作即是家庭作業(yè)，故“工作習(xí)慣”即為“學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣”，B項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)習(xí)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“生活”；C項(xiàng)意為“思考”；D項(xiàng)意為“睡眠”。18．A．seekimproving B．seektoimproveC．findimproving D．findtoimproveB解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，作為一個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生，你要尋求高效學(xué)習(xí)的技能，故用seektoimprove，故B項(xiàng)正確。19．A．chiefly B．brieflyC．a(chǎn)ctually D．occasionallyA解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Ifyoulearntoreadbetterandwritebetter”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，該處指學(xué)生主要在閱讀和寫作上提高自己；A項(xiàng)意為“主要地”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“暫時(shí)地，簡(jiǎn)要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)上”；D項(xiàng)意為“偶爾，間或”。20．A．a(chǎn)repaid B．ispaidC．paysoff D．payoffD解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果你學(xué)會(huì)更好地寫作和閱讀，則你的所有學(xué)習(xí)將取得巨大的回報(bào)。D項(xiàng)意為“成功，奏效”，故D項(xiàng)正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AWedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.Whenwedostudyourlanguage,though,weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings.However,itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguagework.First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample,theword“dog”candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor’sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea“dogthatIsawyesterday”andanotherwordfortheidea“dogthatIsawinadream”．Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So,whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor,theknowledgethatyouhaveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword“dog”probablymeansinthatsituation.Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample,theword“bank”hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean“aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney”，butitcanalsomean“thesideofariver”．Sothesentence“Iwenttothebank”isnotclear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept.However,ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains,othersprobablyknowthat“bank”means“thesideofariver”．Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsarenotveryparticular,butthespeakingsituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimeswordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimitstherightmeaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstandlanguage.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著很大作用。1．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．thebesttimeandplacetotalktoothersB．howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguageworkC．whattosayindifficultsituationsD．howourlanguageworksB解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著很大作用，故選B。2．Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythat________．A．thespeakingsituationdoesnotaffectthemeaningofwordsB．speakingisnotverynaturalformostpeopleC．thespeakingsituationisnotimportantD．peopleoftendonotconsiderhowtalkingworksD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.”可知，故選D。3．Byusingtheexampleoftheword“dog”，thewriterwantstoshowthat________．A．a(chǎn)wordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversationB．a(chǎn)wordmayhavedifferentmeaningsC．thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofawordD．themeaningofwordsisnotparticularC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話“First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.”和下文的“Forexample”可知，下文正是用dog一詞舉例來(lái)論證第二段的第一句話，故選C。4．Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthemeaningoftheword“bank”byreferringto________．A．thetimeandtheplacewheretheconversationhappensB．theoccupationofthepersonwhousesthewordC．earlierorlaterpartsoftheconversationD．a(chǎn)reliabledictionaryC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段所講，作者用bank一詞舉例說(shuō)明對(duì)話中這個(gè)詞之前或之后的部分決定了這個(gè)詞的含義，故選C。BAEuropeanUnionprogramislettingblindpeopleexperiencefamouspaintingsforthefirsttime.Itusesthree－dimensional(3－D)printingtorecreatefamouspaintingssotheycanbetouched.OnepaintingprintedwiththenewtechnologyisGustavKlimt’s“TheKiss”.ItisapopularattractionattheBelvedereMuseuminVienna,Austria.Thepaintingshowsamanandawomanstandinginafieldfilledwithflowers.Theyarewearinggoldrobesandhavetheirarmsaroundeachother.Themanleansdowntokissthewoman.Klimtfinishedthep