（江蘇專用）高考英語大一輪復習 Unit 1 The written word知能演練輕松闖關（含解析）牛津譯林版選修8-牛津版高三選修8英語試題

Unit1ThewrittenwordA卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單項填空1．(2019·南京四校聯(lián)考)Therestaurantcertainlyliveduptoits________；thefoodwasdelicious.A．reputation B．exhibitionC．tendency D．transformationA解析：liveuptoitsreputation“配得上其名聲；名副其實”。根據(jù)后一分句“thefoodwasdelicious”可知答案。2．Intheeyesofapoliceman,it’susuallyverydangeroustogetclosetothe________criminal.Hemaydoanythinghewouldtoescape.A．desperate B．consciousC．primitive D．sensitiveA解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意：在警察的眼里，接近孤注一擲的罪犯通常是非常危險的，因為罪犯為了逃跑，什么事都做得出來。根據(jù)句意，這里用desperate修飾criminal,表示“絕望的，孤注一擲的”。故選A項。3．Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders________theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves.A．employ B．takeC．a(chǎn)buse D．overlookC解析：abuseone’sauthority是短語，意思是“瀆職”，符合句意“據(jù)披露，一些政府官員濫用職權，為個人謀福利”。所以答案是C項。4．Herearesignsthatheis________.It’salongtimesincehesmoked.A．changing B．improvingC．reforming D．varyingC解析：change和vary意為“變化”，普通用語，只說明“變化”這一現(xiàn)象。improve和reform都有“變化(主要指向好的方面)”的意思，但improve用作這一意思時，主語通常是sth.。reform可以指人改掉一些不好的習慣等。根據(jù)后一句的意思“他已經(jīng)好久不吸煙了”以及前一句空格前的主語he可知答案應選C項。5.Itwasreally________ofyourbrothernottoplaytheguitarwhileyouwerepreparingyourlessons.A．considerate B．generousC．typical D．determinedA解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意：你兄弟在你準備功課時不彈吉他，真是體貼。considerate“體貼的”，符合句意。generous“慷慨的”；typical“典型的，平常的”；determined“堅決的”。6．Wehavenodoubtthatifthestudents’interestinthesubjectisaroused,theywill________thechallengeandcommitmoreoftheirtimeandenergytotheirstudies.A．faceupto B．keeppacewithC．putupwith D．liveuptoA解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們毫不懷疑，如果學生在某一科目的興趣被激發(fā)了，他們將會面對挑戰(zhàn)并在他們的學習上投入更多的時間和精力。A．faceupto面對；B．keeppacewith與……齊步同行，并肩前進；C．putupwith容忍； D．liveupto不辜負。所以選A。7．Havingpaidoffalltheir________，theBlacksarenow________financialproblems.A．debts;freeof B．money;freeofC．debts;freefrom D．money;freeforC解析：paidoffalltheirdebts“還清所有的債務”。freefrom“使擺脫(不好的東西);解除”。8．Topersuadedriversto________checkingtheirphoneswhenevertheybeep,NewYorkstateplanstointroduceso-calledTextingZonesalongitsmajorhighwaystomakesureofthedrivers’safety.A．a(chǎn)llow B．resistC．a(chǎn)dmit D．insistB解析：考查動詞辨析。A．a(chǎn)llow同意，allowsb.todosth.;B．resist拒絕、抵制，resistdoingsth.;C．a(chǎn)dmit承認，admitdoingsth.;D．insist堅持insistdoingsth.。句意：為了勸說司機無論何時電話響起都不要接聽電話(即為抵制),紐約州打算引進所謂的TextingZones,把它們設置在主干道的兩旁來確保司機的安全，故選B。9．(2019·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)徐連六市調(diào)研)—Howwasyourinterviewforgoingabroadtostudy?—Oh,Icouldn’tfeelany________.Ihardlyunderstoodmostofthequestionstheyasked.A．worse B．harderC．happier D．betterA解析：any修飾比較級，通常用于否定句，答語句意：“噢，我感覺糟糕極了，我?guī)缀趼牪欢麄儐柕拇蟛糠謫栴}?！?0．Hardworkandlackofsleephas________herbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.A．wornout B．triedoutC．madeout D．sentoutA解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：最近幾年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗盡了她的美麗和青春年華。本句中的wearout表示“耗盡……”。wearout“用壞，穿破，筋疲力盡，耗盡”；tryout“嘗試”；makeout“辨認出，理解”；sendout“發(fā)送，發(fā)出”。故選A。11．—Theexamwaseasy,wasn’tit?—Yes,butIdon’tthink________couldpassit.A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nybodyC．nobody D．everybodyD解析：考查部分否定。句意：——這次考試很容易，對嗎？——是呀，但我想也不是每個人都能通過。12.LikeWenJiabao,LiKeqiangalsogainsgood________amongChineseforhislearnedknowledgeandgreatcareforordinarypeople.A．contribution B．expectationC．reputation D．civilizationC解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：像溫家寶一樣，李克強也因自己淵博的學識還有對平民大眾的關愛，在中國人當中擁有良好的聲譽。reputation“名聲，名譽”，符合句意。contribution“貢獻”；expectation“期待”；civilization“文明”。13．Themoneyweareraising________forthepoorboywhowasbornwithaweakheart.A．intended B．intendsC．wasintended D．isintendedD解析：句意：我們正在籌集的錢是為這個患有先天性心臟病的可憐的孩子準備的。weareraising為定語從句修飾先行詞money,beintendedfor“為……準備”。14．(2019·江蘇鹽城模擬)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducation________ismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.A．nothing B．noneC．either D．a(chǎn)nythingB解析：句意：在影響高等教育發(fā)展的各種力量中，沒有比出國留學的影響更廣泛的。A．nothing沒有什么東西；B．none一點也沒有，一個也沒有；C．either兩者中的任何一個；D．a(chǎn)nything任何東西。根據(jù)前面的of短語，可知應用none。故選B。15．—Ifourparentswouldlistenmoretous,theywouldunderstandusbetter.—________.Theyjustexpectustolisten.A．Ibelievenot B．NoproblemC．Goodidea D．Ican’tagreemoreD解析：考查交際用語。根據(jù)上下文，尤其是下文Theyjustexpectustolisten.可知是同意，Ican’tagreemore我再同意不過了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解JonHoffmanwassittingataredlightwhenhesawamanrunoutofastorecarryingaplasticdonationjarfullofcash.Dressedinplainclothes，JonHoffmancaughtthemanandpressedhimagainstthehood(引擎蓋)ofhiscar.ButHoffmanhadtroublecontrollingthethief，andtheygotintoastruggle.“Thedetectivehasamilitarybackground，andhesaidhethoughtthesuspectmusthaveamilitarybackground，too，becausehewasabletobreakawaysoeasily，”alocalpolicespokespersonsaid.Thedetectivecalledoutforhelpasacrowdgathered.AmongthosewatchingwereHarveyandKirby，twodaylaborers.Harveydidwhathasbecomecommonthesedays—hetookouthisphonetoshootthevideo.“Ihatetosayit，butIthoughtthatthispolicemanwasdoingsomethingstupid，”Harveysaid.“Butwhenheaskedforhelp，Ithought，well，therewouldn’tbeshootingifIgotoverthereintime.”Harveyjumpedintoaction，whilehewasstillrecordingthevideo.SodidKirby.“Harveycaughtholdofthesuspect’sarms，whileKirbyseizedhislegs，andtheywereabletogetthesuspecttothegroundtohelpDetectiveHoffmanputthehandcuffs(手銬)on，”saidthepolicespokesperson.The27-year-oldsuspectwaschargedwithresistingarrestandotheroffenses.Thecharityjarhestoleheldlessthan$50.“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofthelawseveraltimesinmylife，”Harveysaid.“Itfeelsgoodtobeontherightsideanddosomethingpositive.”Afterthearrest，thethreemengottoknoweachotheratalocalsteakhouse—Hoffman’streat，asathankyou.【解題導語】本文是一篇新聞故事，講述了一位偵探在兩位臨時工的協(xié)助下制服一名嫌疑人的過程。1．WhatmadeHoffmancallforhelpwhenarrestingthesuspect?A．Hewasnotonduty.B．Hecouldn’tcontrolthesuspect.C．Heneededwitnessestosupporthim.D．Hewantedtopushthethiefintothecar.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，Hoffman控制住那個嫌疑人有困難，并且他們扭打在一起。故選項B正確。2．WhatcanbeinferredaboutHarvey?A．Hewasreadytobreakthelaw.B．Hewasoutofworkatthattime.C．Hehadagoodmilitarybackground.D．Hemighthavehadsomeillegaldeeds.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofthelawseveraltimesinmylife”可知，Harvey曾經(jīng)違反過法律，所以選項D“他可能有過一些違法行為”是正確的。3．WhatisHoffman’sattitudetowardsHarveyandKirby?A．Grateful. B．Prejudiced.C．Skeptical. D．Admirable.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hoffman’streat，asathankyou”可知，嫌疑人被捕后，Hoffman請Harvey和Kirby吃飯，作為對他們的感謝。所以選項A正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)任務型閱讀Peerlearning(同伴學習)isalargecategorythatincludesactivitiesthroughwhichstudentslearnfromandworkwitheachother.Peerlearninggetstroublesomeformanyteachersbecauseoftheideathatstudentsareteachingeachother.Beyondprofessionalresponsibilitiesandfeelingsareworriesastowhatandhowstudentsarelearningfromeachother.Theydon’thaveenoughexpertknowledge，whichmakesithighlylikelythattheyareteachingcontentatasuperficial(淺顯的)level.Chancesarealsogoodthatstudentsareteachingandlearningsomeofthecontentincorrectly.Whatstandsalongsidethoseconcernsisallsortsofevidencedocumentingthatstudentscananddolearnfromandworkwitheachother.Whenstudentshaveaquestionaboutsomethingthat’shappeninginacourse,whodotheyaskfirst?Mostofthetime,it’snottheprofessor.Theytalktoanotherstudentwhoanswersthequestion,offersadvice,sharesinformation,orregistersanopinion.Thatdynamicmeansthatstudentsareregularlylearningfromotherstudents.So,wemuststartbyacceptingthatpeerlearningisnotsomethingeasilypreventable,butisitsomethingweshouldcultivate?Forstarters,peersspeakeachother’slanguage.No,it’snotacademictalks.Butitisalanguageandaperspectivethatmakessensetostudents,whichcanhelpstartersgainafootholdtowardunderstanding.Thenthere’stheadvantagethatcomeswithjusthavinglearnedsomething.Whataccompaniesrecentlearningexperiencesarememoriesofwhatledtotheunderstanding.Ifwhatyou’retryingtoexplainissomethingyoulearned20yearsago，chancesaregoodthatyourmemoryofwhatitlookedlikewhenyoufirstencountereditisunclear.“It’seasy，”saystheprofessorwhocan’tunderstandwhythestudentdoesn’tgetit.Buttothestudentstrugglingtounderstand,it’snoteasy;anotherstudentmayhavemoreempathyandawaytoexplainitthatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor.Inaddition,studentsfeelsafergoingtoapeerthantotheprofessor.Peersareequals,fellowlearners.Professorsknowsomuchmorethatitcanbeintimidating.Whowantstolookstupid,confused,orunabletounderstandsomethinginfrontoftheprofessor？Whatiftheprofessorrememberstheencounterwhengivingoutgrades？Ifstudentsgotoanotherstudent,heorshemaynotknowtheanswer,butatleastthereisnoriskoflookingstupidorhavingitaffectyourgrade.So,peershavesometeachingadvantagesthatteachersarehardtogain.Butwhatifastudentpassesalongwronginformationorteachesthecontentincorrectly?Therealityofthathappeningroundsusbacktotheneedforteachersandstudentstothinkdifferentlyaboutmistakes—seeingthemasopportunitiesforlearning,morepowerfulthanfirstlandingonthecorrectanswer.Yes,mistakescanbecostly，buttheyaren’tascostlyincollegeastheywillbeonthejobandinlife.Moreover，courseshaveteacherspresenttoensurethatthecorrectanswerispartofwhat’slearnedfrommakingthemistake.Topic：PeerLearningOutlineSupportingdetailsConcernsoverpeerlearning?Theyarenot1.____________asateacherduetoashortageofprofessionalknowledge.?They’relikelytobeteachingorlearning2.____________content.3.____________ofpeerlearning?Peerlearningenablesstudentstoget4.____________helpfromtheirpeers.?Peerstudentshavetheirown5.____________togetthemessageacrosstoeachotherwithouttheapplicationofacademicterms.?Peerstudentswiththesamerecentlearningexperiencecanhelpothersto6.____________moreeasilyandaremorelikelytofindawaythatis7.____________totheprofessor.?Studentshaveasenseof8.____________whenturningtotheirpeersandifaskingtheirprofessorforhelp,theymayleavean9．____________impressiononhim,thusaffectingtheirgrade.Conclusion?Withitsownteachingadvantages,peerlearningis10.____________tryingwhetherpeersareofferedrightorwronganswers.【解題導語】本文為一篇議論文，主要講的是同伴學習的好處。1．qualified解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theydon’thaveenoughexpertknowledge,whichmakesithighlylikelythattheyareteachingcontentatasuperficial(淺顯的)level.”可知，人們認為同伴因缺乏足夠的專業(yè)知識而沒有資格當老師。bequalifiedas“適于做，有擔任……的資格”。2．incorrect解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Chancesarealsogoodthatstudentsareteachingandlearningsomeofthecontentincorrectly.”可知，人們還擔心同伴教的內(nèi)容和學的內(nèi)容不正確。3．Benefits/Advantages/Profit解析：信息概括題。根據(jù)第三至六段的內(nèi)容及表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知，此處主要講的是向同伴學習的好處。4．timely解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段中的“whodotheyaskfirst...orregistersanopinion”可知，學生有了問題第一時間詢問的是他們的同伴，而不是老師，相比之下，從同伴那兒更能得到及時的幫助。timely“及時的”。5．language/way解析：直接信息題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Forstarters,peersspeakeachother’slanguage.No,it’snotacademictalks.Butitisalanguage”可知，同伴可以用他們自己明白且易懂的語言而非復雜難懂的專業(yè)術語進行交流。此處亦可填way“方式，方法”。6．understand解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Buttothestudentstrugglingtounderstand,it’snoteasy;anotherstudentmayhavemoreempathyandawaytoexplainitthatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor.”可知，有著相似學習經(jīng)歷的同伴可以幫助他人更好地理解所學的內(nèi)容。7．strange/foreign解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“anotherstudent...thatperhapswouldn’toccurtotheprofessor”可知，同伴之間使用的教學方法也許會是老師想不到的。(be)strange/foreigntosb.“對于某人來說是陌生的”。8．safety/security解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的首句“Inaddition,studentsfeelsafergoingtoapeerthantotheprofessor.”可知，學生覺得向同伴學習的話會更有安全感。9．unfavorable解析：信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知，學生擔心去問老師的話會給老師留下不好的印象，從而對自己的成績評定不利。10．worth解析：信息概括題。文章最后一段總結全文，作者認為盡管向同伴學習存在一些令人擔心的因素，但是考慮到錯誤在學習的過程中也是一種學習機會，因此作者認為這種學習方法是值得嘗試的。beworthdoing“值得做”。B卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空Manystudentsoftensaythattheydon’thave“enoughtime”todoalltheirschoolwork.My__1__isoftenbrief,“Youhaveasmuchtimeasthepresident.”Iusuallycarryonabitabout__2__twentyfourhoursinthedayforeveryone,andsuggestthat“notenoughtime”isnota(n)__3__explanationof__4__somethingdone.__5__ingraduateschool,Itriedtoprovetooneofmyprofessors__6__sayingthatIwasworkinghard.Hisanswertomewas,“That’sirrelevant.__7__isimportantisthe__8__ofyourwork.”SincethenIhavehadtimetothinkcarefullyaboutthetrickof“__9__”，andIhavecometosome__10__allrelevanttotheproblemofhowmuchtimewehave.Ifyouanalyzethematter,youcanidentifytwopartsoftheproblem:Thereis,__11__，thematterof“time”，whichwecanthinkof__12__.Thenthereistheproblemof“work”duringthattime.But,asmyprofessorsuggested,it’snothowhardoneworks__13__thequalityoftheproductthat’simportant.Thatledmetoanewidea:thequalityofthework.That__14__isperhapsbestexplainedbyasignIoncesawonthewallinsomeone’soffice：“Don’tworkharder.__15__．”Thereisalotofsenseinthatidea.Ifyoucan’tgetmoretime,andfewofuscan,theonlysolutionistoimprovethequalityofthework.Thatmeansthinkingofwaystogetmoreoutof__16__timethanwemightotherwiseget.Thatshouldleadustoananalysisofourworkhabits.Since“work”forstudentsusuallymeans“homework”，theexpression“workhabits”shouldbereadas“__17__habits”．Then,asasmartstudent,youwill__18__thoseskillsthatyouuseinstudy，_19__readingandwriting.Ifyoulearntoreadbetterandwritebetter,therearebigbenefitsthat__20__inallyourstudies.【解題導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了“工作和學習不要總是強調(diào)更勤奮，而應當強調(diào)更聰明”這一觀點，指出應當提高自己的工作質(zhì)量和工作效率，而不是一味強調(diào)“勤奮”。1．A．question B．ideaC．reply D．keyC解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Youhaveasmuchtimeasthepresident.”可知，該處回答了上文的疑問；C項意為“回答”，故C項正確。A項意為“問題”，B項意為“想法”，D項意為“關鍵，答案”，都與語境不符。2．A．therebeing B．thereareC．therebe D．theretobeA解析：根據(jù)該句中的“twentyfourhoursinthedayforeveryone”可知，每個人每天都有24小時，故用“therebe”結構，表示“存在，有”，介詞about后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語，故A項正確。3．A．strange B．a(chǎn)cceptableC．surprising D．demandingB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，每個人每天都有24小時，所以“沒有足夠的時間”作為解釋是不能接受的；B項意為“可接受的”，故B項正確。A項意為“奇怪的”；C項意為“令人驚訝的”；D項意為“要求高的，費力的”。4．A．nogetting B．notgettingC．noletting D．notlettingB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，每個人每天都有24小時，所以“沒有足夠的時間”不能解釋沒有完成工作。getsomethingdone為固定搭配，意為“完成某事”，該處表示否定，前面用not，故B項正確。5．A．Sincethen B．JustnowC．Ever D．OnceD解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Itriedtoprovetooneofmyprofessors”，結合下文的“Hisanswertomewas”可知，該處敘述的是一件過去發(fā)生的事情，D項意為“曾經(jīng)”，故D項正確。A項意為“從那時起”；B項意為“剛剛，剛才”；C項意為“曾經(jīng)”。6．A．by B．inC．on D．uponA解析：根據(jù)該句中的“sayingthatIwasworkinghard”可知，“我”試圖通過說“我”自己工作勤奮來向“我”的一位教授證明自己；A項表示方式，故A項正確。7．A．That B．WhatC．Whether D．IfB解析：分析該句結構可知，空處引導主語從句，也作該從句的主語，故用連接代詞what；該句意“重要的是你的工作質(zhì)量”，故B項正確。8．A．quantity B．a(chǎn)mountC．number D．qualityD解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Iwasworkinghard”，結合該句語境和第三段最后一句中的“quality”可知，教授對“工作勤奮”的回答是“重要的是工作質(zhì)量”；D項意為“質(zhì)量”，故D項正確。A項意為“數(shù)量”；B項意為“數(shù)量”；C項意為“數(shù)字”。9．A．hardworker B．honeststudentC．busypresident D．futuregraduateA解析：根據(jù)該段第一句中的“Iwasworkinghard”，結合空前一句教授對此的回應可知，從那時起“我”就開始仔細思考“勤奮工作者”的技巧；A項和“workinghard”匹配，故A項正確。B項意為“誠實的學生”；C項意為“忙碌的總統(tǒng)”；D項意為“未來的畢業(yè)生”。10．A．constructions B．contributionsC．conclusions D．concentrationsC解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Ihavecometo”，結合下文內(nèi)容可知，就此問題，“我”已經(jīng)得出結論。C項意為“結論”，故C項正確。A項意為“建筑”；B項意為“貢獻”；D項意為“集中”。11．A．ofcourse B．infactC．a(chǎn)saresult D．a(chǎn)sawholeA解析：根據(jù)語境并結合常識可知，這一問題中最重要的當然是時間；A項意為“當然”，故A項正確。B項意為“事實上，實際上”；C項意為“結果是……”；D項意為“作為整體”。12．A．iffollowed B．iffixedC．a(chǎn)sfollowed D．a(chǎn)sfixedD解析：根據(jù)空后一句“Thenthereistheproblemof‘work’duringthattime.”可知，接下來是在此期間的“工作”問題；據(jù)此可以判斷，該處是說，人們總是認為時間是固定不變的，故D項正確。13．A．so B．butC．nor D．a(chǎn)ndB解析：根據(jù)該句中的“it’snothowhardoneworks______thequalityoftheproductthat’simportant”可知，并不是工作多么勤奮，而是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量才是重要的；not...but...為固定搭配，意為“不是……而是……”。14．A．concept B．senseC．explanation D．solutionA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“anewidea”可知，該處指這種新觀念(concept)，故A項正確。B項意為“感覺”；C項意為“解釋”；D項意為“解決辦法”。15．A．Workmoresmartly B．WorkfasterC．Thinktwice D．ThinkaloudA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Don’tworkharder.”可知，工作不要更努力；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處與此對應，意為“工作要更聰明”，故A項正確。B項意為“工作更快”；C項意為“三思而行”；D項意為“自言自語”。16．A．a(chǎn)little B．themoreC．theless D．thesameD解析：根據(jù)語境可知，更聰明地工作意味著在同一時間內(nèi)想出能得到更多的方法，故D項正確。17．A．living B．studyC．thinking D．sleepingB解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Since‘work’forstudentsusuallymeans‘homework’，theexpression‘workhabits’shouldbereadas”可知，對于學生來說，工作即是家庭作業(yè)，故“工作習慣”即為“學習習慣”，B項意為“學習”，故B項正確。A項意為“生活”；C項意為“思考”；D項意為“睡眠”。18．A．seekimproving B．seektoimproveC．findimproving D．findtoimproveB解析：根據(jù)語境并結合常識可知，作為一個聰明的學生，你要尋求高效學習的技能，故用seektoimprove，故B項正確。19．A．chiefly B．brieflyC．a(chǎn)ctually D．occasionallyA解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Ifyoulearntoreadbetterandwritebetter”并結合常識可知，該處指學生主要在閱讀和寫作上提高自己；A項意為“主要地”，故A項正確。B項意為“暫時地，簡要地”；C項意為“事實上”；D項意為“偶爾，間或”。20．A．a(chǎn)repaid B．ispaidC．paysoff D．payoffD解析：根據(jù)語境可知，如果你學會更好地寫作和閱讀，則你的所有學習將取得巨大的回報。D項意為“成功，奏效”，故D項正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AWedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.Whenwedostudyourlanguage,though,weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings.However,itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguagework.First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample,theword“dog”candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor’sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea“dogthatIsawyesterday”andanotherwordfortheidea“dogthatIsawinadream”．Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So,whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor,theknowledgethatyouhaveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword“dog”probablymeansinthatsituation.Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample,theword“bank”hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean“aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney”，butitcanalsomean“thesideofariver”．Sothesentence“Iwenttothebank”isnotclear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept.However,ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains,othersprobablyknowthat“bank”means“thesideofariver”．Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsarenotveryparticular,butthespeakingsituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimeswordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimitstherightmeaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstandlanguage.【解題導語】本文講述了語境對語言的理解起著很大作用。1．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．thebesttimeandplacetotalktoothersB．howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguageworkC．whattosayindifficultsituationsD．howourlanguageworksB解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了語境對語言的理解起著很大作用，故選B。2．Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythat________．A．thespeakingsituationdoesnotaffectthemeaningofwordsB．speakingisnotverynaturalformostpeopleC．thespeakingsituationisnotimportantD．peopleoftendonotconsiderhowtalkingworksD解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.”可知，故選D。3．Byusingtheexampleoftheword“dog”，thewriterwantstoshowthat________．A．a(chǎn)wordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversationB．a(chǎn)wordmayhavedifferentmeaningsC．thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofawordD．themeaningofwordsisnotparticularC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話“First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.”和下文的“Forexample”可知，下文正是用dog一詞舉例來論證第二段的第一句話，故選C。4．Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthemeaningoftheword“bank”byreferringto________．A．thetimeandtheplacewheretheconversationhappensB．theoccupationofthepersonwhousesthewordC．earlierorlaterpartsoftheconversationD．a(chǎn)reliabledictionaryC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段所講，作者用bank一詞舉例說明對話中這個詞之前或之后的部分決定了這個詞的含義，故選C。BAEuropeanUnionprogramislettingblindpeopleexperiencefamouspaintingsforthefirsttime.Itusesthree－dimensional(3－D)printingtorecreatefamouspaintingssotheycanbetouched.OnepaintingprintedwiththenewtechnologyisGustavKlimt’s“TheKiss”.ItisapopularattractionattheBelvedereMuseuminVienna,Austria.Thepaintingshowsamanandawomanstandinginafieldfilledwithflowers.Theyarewearinggoldrobesandhavetheirarmsaroundeachother.Themanleansdowntokissthewoman.Klimtfinishedthep