高考英語強(qiáng)調(diào)句講解與考試

./強(qiáng)調(diào)句專題強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分<主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語等>+that/who+句子的其余部分。一、連接詞。一般說來,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),用連詞that或who；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是賓語,指人時(shí)也可以用whom；如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物,只能用連詞that。ItwasJohnandMikewho/thatsawMaryinthestreetlastnight.ItisMarywhom/whoheoftenhelps.ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterday.二、時(shí)態(tài)。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在X疇的時(shí)態(tài)<一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)等>,用Itis...that...。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞為過去X疇的時(shí)態(tài)<一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等>,則用Itwas...that...。如：Marymetanoldbeggarinthestreetyesterday.ItwasMarywho/thatmetanoldbeggarinthestreetyesterday.<強(qiáng)調(diào)主語>Itwasanoldbeggarwhom/thatMarymetinthestreetyesterday.<強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語>ItwasyesterdaythatMarymetanoldbeggarinthestreet.<強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語>ItwasinthestreetthatMarymetanoldbeggaryesterday.<強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語>有時(shí),be前可使用表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：ItmustbePeterwhohasletthissecretout.一定是彼得將這個(gè)秘密泄露出去的。Itmightbelastnightthattheydidtheirhomework.他們也許是昨晚做完作業(yè)的。三、強(qiáng)調(diào)含有notuntil的句子。在強(qiáng)調(diào)notuntil句型時(shí),not位于until從句前,主句謂語動(dòng)詞作相應(yīng)變化,即itis<was>+notuntil從句+that+其它。Itwasnotuntilhehadfinishedtheworkthathewenthome.Itwasnotuntil12o’clocklastnightthatmybrothercamehome.四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問形式：強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句中的某一成分時(shí),要在主句中用一般疑問句的順序。例如：Wasityouthat/whobrokethewindow?Wasitinthewarthathelosthisson?強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句中的疑問詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)模式是："疑問詞+is/was+it+that..."。它同感嘆句的強(qiáng)調(diào)模式極其相似,首先將疑問句開頭的部分作為強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,套入強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),然后再將其變?yōu)橐蓡柧?。例如?.Wherewereyouborn?→Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?2.Whatdidyouwanttosee?→Whatwasitthatyouwantedtosee?3.Howmanypeoplearebeingtrainedforthespecialwork?→Howmanypeopleisitthatarebeingtrainedforthespecialwork?。五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分為原句的主語時(shí),that/who之后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致關(guān)系,從而選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。例如：Itisyouwho/thatarewrong.ItisIwho/thatamansweringthequestion.但是如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人稱代詞,按理應(yīng)用人稱代詞主格形式,但在口語或非正式文體中也可以用其賓格形式,此時(shí)that/who的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式is或was。例如：Itismewhoisbeingaskedthefavor.另在Itis/was...,not...that...句型中,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與肯定部分的詞保持一致關(guān)系。例如：Itismybrother,notIthatstudiesinthatschool.Itisyou,notyoursisterthatareinchargeofthecompany.六、感嘆句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),既要體現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的形式特征,又要體現(xiàn)感嘆句的自然語序。例如：1.Howhappyhelooks!→Howhappyitisthathelooks!2.Whatacleverboyheis!→Whatacleverboyitisthatheis!七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的鑒別方法與相似句型的辨析強(qiáng)調(diào)句型極易與定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等相關(guān)句型混淆,判斷的方法是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中去掉Itis/was…that剩下的部分在語法和意義上仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子。如：ItwasyesterdaythatImethim.去掉句中的Itwas…that該句為：YesterdayImethim.句意和語法都非常正確,說明這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。而其他句型則不行。[典例展示]1.Itistheabilitytodothejob________mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.〔2000全國(guó)卷〕A.one B.that C.what D.it2.Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature_______hechosethecourse.〔2006XX春季〕A.that B.what C.why D.how3.Itisthesepoisonousproducts_______cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.〔2003XX卷〕A.who B.that C.how D.what4.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess._______youwantmetosay?〔2004XX卷〕A.Whatisitthat B.WhatitisthatC.Howisitthat D.Howitisthat5.Itwaswithgreatjoy_______hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.〔2004XX卷>Abecause Bwhich Csince Dthat6.Anawfulaccident_______,however,occurtheotherday.<2000XX卷>A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto7.Itwasnotuntilshegothome_______Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.〔2006全國(guó)II卷〕

A.when B.that C.where D.before8.Itwas_______blackhomeaftertheexperiment.<2004XX卷>A.notuntilmidnightdidhego B.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewent D.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo9.—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.〔2005XX卷〕A.Wherewasit B.Whatwasit C.Howwasit D.Whywasit10.1>Itwas20yearsago________thetwofriendsmetinVietNam.2>Itwillbe20years________theymeetinVietNam.3>Itis20years________hecametolivehere.4>Itwas20years________hespentinwritingthisnovel.5>Itwasnotlong________thepeopleinAustriatookupguns.6>Itwasmidnight_______hecamebackhome.A.when B.before C.since D.That練習(xí)一：1.—Whoaremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare2.Itis_______heoftenfailsinexams______makeshisparentsworriedabouthim.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;thatD./;that3.Itistheprotectionforthetrees_______reallymatters,ratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.thatC.不填D.which4.Itis_____myfatherworked_____Iworknow.A.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that5.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou6.Itwasteno’clock_____hecamebackhome.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.after7.Itwasnotuntilhecameback_____heknewthepolicewerelookingforhim.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.before8.--Wherewas＿＿＿＿＿＿youpickedupthewallet﹖--Justneartheschoolgate.A.itB.itthatC.theplaceD.theplacethat9.Imustfindoutwhy＿＿＿＿＿＿somanystudentsmadethesamemistake.A.isitthatB.wasitwhichC.itiswhatD.itwasthat10.Howmanyyearsisit＿＿＿＿＿＿yoursistercametoworkhere﹖A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.until11.Isitinthefactory＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿youvisitedlastweek＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿thiskindofcarismade﹖A.／thatB.wherewhenC.wherethatD.／when12.＿＿＿＿It'salongtime＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Isawyoulast.--Yesandwhatapitysinceitwillbealongtime＿＿＿＿＿＿weseeeachotheragain.A.sincebeforeB.beforesinceC.untilafterD.afteruntil13.Itwasbecauseofbadweather＿＿＿＿＿＿thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that14.Itwashisremarks＿＿＿＿＿leftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that15.--Wasitin1969＿＿＿＿＿＿theAmericanastronautsucceeded＿＿＿＿＿＿landingonthemoon﹖Quiteright.A.whenonB.thatonC.wheninD.thatin16.Itwasnotuntil1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regularradiobroadcastsbegan.NMET95A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since17.＿＿＿＿＿＿isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.NMET95A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It18.＿＿＿＿＿wasin1979＿＿＿＿＿Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.NMET98XXA.ThatthatB.ItthatC.ThatwhenD.Itwhen19.Itwasforthisreason＿＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)erunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how20.Itistheprotectionforthetrees＿＿＿＿reallymattersratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.thatC.／D.which14.--Wasthatthenewcomerwhowalkedby﹖＿＿＿＿＿.A.ItmustbethatB.ItmusthavebeenC.HemustbeD.Thismusthavebeen15.Ourclassroomisveryclean.Doyounowho＿＿cleanedit﹖A.wasitthatB.itwasthatC.wasitwhoD.hewas16.Nowthenchildren.It'shightimeyou＿＿＿＿＿＿anddressed.A.washedB.shouldwashC.werewashedD.arewashed17.＿＿＿＿＿thepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowncountry＿＿＿＿＿＿＿sciencecanreallyservethepeople.A.Itisonlythen；thatB.Itwasthat；whenC.Itisonlywhen；thatD.Itwaswhen；then18.Itwas＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ImetMr.GreeninShanghai.A.tenyearssinceB.manyyearsagothatC.fiveyearsuntilD.Twomonthswhen練習(xí)二：1.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That2.whenwasityoucalledmeyesterday?A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that4.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so5.Itisimaginationmakestheworldcolorful,fullofvigorandvitality.[2007XX春]A．whereB．whatC．thatD．when6.It_____wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks____Ifoundwehadalotincommon.[2007XX卷]A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that7.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright______isofimportance.[2007XX卷]A.whichB.itC.thatD.this8.Itwason12May,2008______theearthquakeofWenchuancounty,Sichuanprovimcehappened.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.when.9.ItwasAliceandherhusbandwhosavedtheoldman,_______?A.wasn’titB.wasitC.didn’ttheyD.didthey10.Whenaskedtoexplain______madehislessonssoexciting,theteachekeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisit11.Whowasit______putsomanylargestonesontheroad?A.thisB.thatC.heD.she12.Whatasillymistakeitis______you’vemade!A.itB.thisC.thatD.which13.Itwasnotuntilmidnight______thenoiseofthestreetstopped.A.thatB.thisC.sinceD.atwhich14.Was______thatImetattherailwaystationtheotherday?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou15.Itwaswhenshewasabouttogotobed______thetelephonerang.A.sinceB.asC.thatD.then16.ItmayhavebeenatChristmas______JohngaveMaryahandbag.A.beforeB.whoC.thatD.when17.Whywas______thattheoldwomanwassenttoprison?A.heB.itC.thatD.because18.Itwashisnervousnessintheinterview______probablylosthimthejob.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.what19.Itwastheboy______hadbeeninprison______stolethemoney.A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which20.ItmightbeI,who______causedtheaccident,who______toanswerforit.A.has,isB.have,areC.has,amD.have,am21.Itwas_____Ireachedthere_____Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.A.until,whenB.until,thatC.notuntil,thatD.notwhen,that22.Itwas_____myfatherworked_____Iworknow.A.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that23.Itwasnotuntilhecameback______heknewthepolicewerelookingforhim.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.before24.It’smorethanhalfacentury______thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasliberated.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.after25.Itwasnot______youhadexplainedhow______Imanagedtodoit.A.for,thatB.until,thatC.for,whenD.until,when[分析診斷]1.B。首先判斷這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語theabilitytodothejob,所以選用that。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞為過去X疇的時(shí)態(tài)<一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等>,則用Itwas...that...。如：2.A。這個(gè)句子稍微復(fù)雜點(diǎn)。Saidthat后面的是賓語從句。然后在這個(gè)從句里,有一個(gè)itis…that的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。整個(gè)賓語從句意思說：正是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)文學(xué)有濃厚的興趣,他才選擇了這個(gè)課程。3.B。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語thesepoisonousproducts.4.A。本句中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)特殊疑問詞what進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型后句子為Whatdoyouwantmetosay?我們可以看到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的what是say的賓語。5.D。對(duì)狀語withthisjoy進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。6.B。本題考查助動(dòng)詞do對(duì)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)。從theotherday<那天>判斷整個(gè)句子應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài),A、C兩項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,D項(xiàng)不合題意,故選B,did可譯為"的確,真地"。7.B。句意：直到他到家的時(shí)候,Jennifer才意識(shí)到鑰匙丟了。until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式時(shí),要將否定詞not移到until前。8.C。本題是對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與not……until從句的結(jié)合考查,把not移至被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分之后,要注意把句子中的動(dòng)詞用過去式。9.C。根據(jù)下文的答語afriendofhishelpedhim可知上文是強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語。10.1>D2>B3>C4>D5>B6>A先分析結(jié)構(gòu),再分析意思。謹(jǐn)慎試詞,防止混淆。1.句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語,故用that；2.是It…before…句型,時(shí)間狀語從句,只用before；3.Itisaperiodoftimesince-clause是固定結(jié)構(gòu),只用since；4.是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,因spend一詞為與物動(dòng)詞,故需要賓語that。此例也可能是定語從句,若為定語從句則which亦可。但強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句的意義是不同的。5是It…before…句型,時(shí)間狀語從句,只用before.6是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。單招賓語從句賓語從句是高考的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn),近幾年雖說出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)不多,但是不能掉以輕心。一、賓語從句可分為三類：1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：

HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去XX。

Wemustneverthink<that>wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。

2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。

3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。例如：Idoubtwhetherourteamcanwinthematch.我懷疑我們隊(duì)能否贏這場(chǎng)比賽。二、賓語從句考點(diǎn)1.考查賓語從句的語序。賓語從句必須用自然語序,即使在疑問句中,從句也不倒裝〔而在主句上倒裝〕賓語從句的語序是陳述語序,即"連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分"。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序,而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Canyoutellmewho<m>dowehavetosee?<╳>Canyoutellmewho<m>wehavetosee?<√>Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.<思考:what在從句中的成分>陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語序不變。例如：Shesaid,"Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk."→Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg."Wherearethetickets?"Iaskedhim.àIaskedhimwheretheticketsare.2.考查時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)同主句在謂語時(shí)態(tài)上保持一致。主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語從句的謂語可以是任意時(shí)態(tài)；主句謂語是過去時(shí),賓語從句的謂語必須是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),〔賓語是客觀真理時(shí)則無此限制〕Ithought<that>youarefreetoday.<╳>Ithought<that>youwouldbefreetoday.<√>[注意]當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí),不管主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)如何,從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Theteachertoldus<that>theearthmovesaroundthesun.3.考查連接詞的選用1〕連詞that,只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,也無詞匯意義,在口語中常被省略。Heknew<that>heshouldworkhard.2〕連詞if、whether,它們起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,作"是否"解,在口語中多用if。Tomdon’tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.一般情況下,if和whether可以互換,但以下3種情況只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.②在介詞前：Itdependson<依靠>whetheritisgoingtorain.③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.3〕連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,連接副詞when,where,why,how它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意義。Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.4.考查作介詞賓語從句。賓語從句除了在與物動(dòng)詞后,也可以用在介詞后。Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopicyoucanthinkof.5.考查形容詞后的賓語從句。某些像glad,happy,sorry,sure,delighted,pleased等形容詞后面跟賓語從句。Areyousurewhatyouwilldonext?I'mafraidthathewillfailintheexam.7.考查不可以直接跟賓語從句的與物動(dòng)詞英語中l(wèi)ike,love,hate,dislike,dependon,seeto等動(dòng)詞或短語后面不允許直接帶賓語從句,通常在這些動(dòng)詞后面加it,然后帶相應(yīng)的句子。如：Idon’tlikeitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.8.考查賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化。由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,若從句的主語與主句的主語或間接賓語相一致時(shí),可簡(jiǎn)化為"疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。Idon’tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.→Idon’tknowhowtodowiththepresents.9.考查賓語從句中虛擬語氣。在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語從句常用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should也可以省略。Shesuggestedwe<should>leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.10.考查賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,suppose,guess,believe,imagine,expect,consider等詞時(shí),并且主語為第一人稱時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞上來。能夠形成否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子,其反意疑問句的簡(jiǎn)短問句謂語和主語形式與從句一致。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.Idon'tbelievehewillcome.專題突破Unit2賓語從句[典例展示]1.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_______andseehim.〔2005卷〕A.youwillcome B.willyoucome C.youcome D.doyoucome2.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents______alwayswherethey_______today.〔2006〕A.aren’t;are B.aren’t;were C.weren’t;are D.weren’t;were3.<XX2004>IthinkFatherwould1iketoknow_________I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.which B.why C.what D.how4.Pleaseremindme______hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.〔2006全國(guó)卷I〕A.where B.when C.how D.what5.–Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?

–Theyalwaysletmedo_______IthinkIshould.〔2006全國(guó)卷II〕

A.when B.that C.how D.what6.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof______itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.〔2006XX卷〕A.if B.where C.whether D.that7.Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor_______hethoughtwasnotenough．<2005XX卷>A.where B.how C.what D.which8.Marywroteanarticleon_______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.〔2005全國(guó)卷I〕A.why B.what C.who D.that9.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedb