高考應(yīng)試策略課件

2024/3/14高考應(yīng)試策略試卷知識(shí)題的命題原則：一般遵循三個(gè)原則：（1）保證覆蓋面廣，即考查英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；范圍不超出我國(guó)中學(xué)通用的英語(yǔ)課本，題量盡可能大，覆蓋而盡可能寬；（2）盡可能增加綜合化的因素，為了保證題量和覆蓋面，語(yǔ)言知識(shí)題一般以單項(xiàng)形式為主，但也采用一些綜合題，如完形填空題。（3）盡可能增加語(yǔ)境化的因素，高考英語(yǔ)試卷的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)題一般都加入一些語(yǔ)境化的因素。例如，完形填空題和短文改錯(cuò)題本身就有上下文的語(yǔ)篇。聽(tīng)力試題如何提高聽(tīng)力能力和做好聽(tīng)力測(cè)試一、把握特點(diǎn)，捕捉信息1、事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)W：Wouldyoulikesomehotcoffeeortea?M:Ilikethemboth,butI’dratherhavesomethingcold.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttodrink?A:Somethingcold.B:Coffee.C:Tea.2、數(shù)字M：DidJoan’smothertakehertothehospitalonceaweek?W：Yes.SheandJoanmadethe90-mileroundtriponceaweek.Q：Howfarwastheirhomefromthehospital?A：Ninetymiles.B：Forty-fivemiles.C：Onehundredandeightymiles.3、地點(diǎn)M:Hello,Tom.ThisisJackattheoffice.IsMikeathome?W:No,Jack.He’sinclassnow.He’llbehomeforlunchthough.Q:WhereisJacknow?A:Heisattheoffice.B:Heisinclass.C:Heisathome.4、職業(yè)、人物身份和關(guān)系W:Jacksentyouapresentyesterday.M:IgottoonefromJohn,notfromJack.Q:Whodidthemangetapresentfrom?A:FromMike.B:FromJack.C:FromJohn.二、掌握技巧，事半功倍1、放松心情，確定測(cè)試要點(diǎn)舍得，有舍才有得。迅速掃讀聽(tīng)力測(cè)試題目和備選項(xiàng)目，做到事先有思想準(zhǔn)備，再有的放矢地聽(tīng)。2、做好筆記，把握細(xì)節(jié)。用自己熟悉的符號(hào)來(lái)縮寫3、注意特殊句型，把握關(guān)鍵詞。（1）副詞too的一詞多義現(xiàn)象。①Catherinewastooyoungtojoinintheseajourney..②Youaretookindtohelpme.③Onecan’tbetoocarefulinlearningaforeignlanguage.(2)連詞since一詞多義現(xiàn)象。①Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.②--Howdidyouliketheparty?--Wonderful.It’stooyearssinceIenjoyed.(3)YourwritingwasconsideredasgoodasDiana’s.①BothyourwritingandDiana’swerenotbad.②YourwritingwasalmostthesameasDiana’s.(4)Billdidn’tattendMary’sbirthdaypartybecauseJackwaspresent.①JackwaspresentatMary’spartysoBilldidn’tattend.②BillattendedMary’sbirthdaynotbecauseJackwaspresent.另外，要注意一些表示否定意義的關(guān)鍵詞、詞組，如：no,not,never,seldom,hardly,doubt,neither,too…to,little,few,unhappy等。另外，考生應(yīng)了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反的含義，掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的各種句型及在具體語(yǔ)境下的使用對(duì)理解聽(tīng)力材料很有幫助。4、聽(tīng)清主題句，把握中心思想。主題句往往是一篇聽(tīng)力材料的中心思想。根據(jù)主題句，可以推斷“話中話”或“弦外之音”。單項(xiàng)選擇從統(tǒng)計(jì)的情況來(lái)看,高考單項(xiàng)選擇題的特點(diǎn):

涉及面越來(lái)越廣,考點(diǎn)越來(lái)越細(xì),涉及幾乎所有知識(shí)點(diǎn);但整體上單項(xiàng)選擇題難度不大,一般以基礎(chǔ)題為主,考試的重點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）、從句（狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句）等；所有考點(diǎn)是以辯析形式考查的。一、交際用語(yǔ)：主要考查日常生活用語(yǔ)，涉及面比較廣，但難度小。---I’minterestedinthatbeautifulMP4player.Howmuchdoyouchargeforit?---$150.Andit’softhevalue.---Well,______,butIcan’taffordit.Thankyouanyway.pleaselowerthepriceB.it’sreallyniceit’sworththatD.that’stoodear二、名詞：主要考查名詞的辯析、單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問(wèn)題。Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind三、動(dòng)詞：主要有兩種形式:一是動(dòng)詞的辯析；二是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辯析。1、---Howabouteighto’clockoutsidethecinema?---That_____mefine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits2、Withoutmyglasses,Icouldn’t_____whetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.A.makeoutB.makeupC.makeforD.makeoff四、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：《考試大綱》：八種時(shí)態(tài)。---Whatwouldyoudoifit____tomorrow?---Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining五、動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主要包括：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的和帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingon-salaryvocation_____yet.A.arenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.isnotbeingdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed六、動(dòng)詞不定式：在句子中可做許多成分。Aren’tthefanscrazytohavewaitedoutsideintherainformorethanthreehoursjust____alookattheirfavoritesingers?A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have七、過(guò)去分詞：Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained八、現(xiàn)在分詞：

AnewlawwillgointoeffectonAugust1st.Accordingtothislaw,peoplefound______“harmful”advertisementsinthestreetswillbepunishedstrictly.puttingupB.toputupC.beingputtingupD.havingputup九、動(dòng)名詞：常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：allow,admit,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,miss,practice,succeed,suggest;動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：devote…to,feellike,prevent/stop/keep…from,putoff,setabout,spend…on,thinkof,其它短語(yǔ)：What/howaboutIhopeyoudon’tmind_____youallthis.A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tobetellingD.mytelling十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：主要考查：辯析、時(shí)態(tài)、和動(dòng)詞完成式搭配的特殊用法及涵義。Tom,you____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot十一、形容詞：主要考查：形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)形容詞之間的排序、形容詞的原級(jí)的比較、比較級(jí)的比較和最高級(jí)的比較以及形容詞的辯析等。Toallthefamousartists’surprise,theunknownwoman’stwo____paintingsarealsoonshowintheartexhibition.littleblueoilB.bluelittleoilC.oilbluelittleD.littleoilblueIfitisquite_____toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.confortable十二、副詞：主要考查有：副詞的辯析和副詞短語(yǔ)的辯析。Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthem_____.properlyB.repeatedlyC.clearlyD.usually十三、介詞：主要考查：固定搭配和具體句子中的辯析。1、Noonehelpedme.Ididitall____myself.A.forB.byC.fromD.to2、Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet___chance.A.ofB.inC.forD.by十四、冠詞：主要考查它們的常見(jiàn)用法。---Howmanypeoplearestillleading_____lifeunder_____povertylineintheworld?---Perhapsonefourth,accordingtothereport.A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;aD.不填；the十五、代詞：Thisskirtistoosmallforme.Wouldyoushowme_____one?theotherB.anotherC.otherD.oneanother十六、并列連詞：四種并列連詞：遞進(jìn)式：and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,etc轉(zhuǎn)折式：but,however選擇式：or,either…or,otherwise因果式：so,and---Idon’tlikechicken____fish.---Idon’tlikechicken,____,Ilikefishverymuch.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but十七、主謂一致1、IntheWaiWenBookshop____tobefoundbooksinvariouslanguages.isB.areC.beingD.was2、Thesingeranddancer_____speakingatthemeeting.A.IsB.wereC.areD.be十八、狀語(yǔ)從句：主要考查對(duì)句意的理解。I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.IncaseD.sothat十九、定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)鍵是分析關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中的成分。內(nèi)容有：一是關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別；二是關(guān)系副詞和在句子中的成分；三是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞之間的關(guān)系。Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom二十、名詞性從句：包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。1、LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_____hehaddonethedaybefore.thatB.howC.whereD.what2、---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where二十一、倒裝句：主要考查部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝基本結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；全部倒裝基本結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)（名詞）；或狀語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)（代詞名詞）+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）。1、Afterthewhistlerang,thecoachappearedinthefield.Behindhim_____theteamwearingblackandwhitesuits.A.hadB.walkedC.wasfollowedD.led2、Notonly_____givepeoplerelaxationandpleasure,but_____increasetheirknowledgeofanykind.Cantravel;itcanB.travelcan;canitC.Cantravel;canitD.travelcan;itcan二十二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句：基本構(gòu)成：Itbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who(僅用于人)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分以外的其他部分。(1)Itwas4p.mwhenMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.(2)Itwasat4p.mthatMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.二十三、it用法：主要是作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)。Youngman,ifyouhurryup,Ithink____quite_____thatyouwillcatchthenexttrain.A.that;probablyB.this;certainlyC.it;likelyD.you;nearly二十四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣難度較大---Ifhe____,he_____thatfood.---Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned,wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned,hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken二十五、慣用法

主要是考查一些習(xí)慣性搭配并且和交際用語(yǔ)一起考查。---It’lltakeatleast2hourstodothis!---Oh,____!Icoulddoitin30minutes.A.comeonB.pardonmeC.youarerightD.don’tmentionit完形填空（ClozeTest)注意事項(xiàng)考生應(yīng)該充分利用上下文，注重行文邏輯，強(qiáng)調(diào)文段整體性閱讀。完形填空題主要考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體理解具體考查單詞、短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。完形填空例題Anelderlybuilderwasreadytoretire.Hetoldhisemployerofhisplanstoleavethehousebuilding_(1)____andliveamorecomfortablelifewithhiswife.Hewouldmissthepay-check,butheneededto_(2)___.Theycouldmanage.Theemployerwas__(3)___toseehisgoodworkergoandaskedifhecouldbuild__(4)___onemorehouseasapersonal__(5)___.Thebuildersaidyes,butatthattimeitwaseasytoseethathis_(6)____wasnotinhiswork.Hebuiltitcarelesslyandusedpoormaterials.Itwasa(n)_(7)____waytoendhiscareer(workinglife).Whenthebuilder_(8)____hiswork,theemployercameand_(9)____thefront-doorkeytothebuilder.“Thisisyourhouse,”hesaid,“my_(10)____toyou.”Whatashock!Whata_(11)____!Ifhehadonlyknownhewasbuildinghisownhouse,hewouldhavedoneitall_(12)___.Nowhehadtoliveinthehomehehadbuiltnonetoo_(13)___.Soitiswithus.Sometimeswebuildourlivescarelessly,willingtoputuplessthanthebest.Atimportantpointswedonotgivethejobourbest_(14)___.Thenwithashockwelookatthesituationwehave_(15)___andfindthatwearenowlivinginthehousewehavebuilt.Ifwehadrealized,wewouldhavedoneitdifferently.Thinkofyourselfasthe_(16)___.Thinkaboutyourhouse.Eachdayyou_(17)___anail,placeaboard,orsetupawall.Buildwisely.Itistheonlylifeyouwilleverbuild.Evenifyouliveitforonlyonedaymore,thatdayisworthytobelivedwell.Lifeisado-it-yourself_(18)___.Whocouldsayitmoreclearly?Yourlifetodayisthe_(19)___ofyourattitudesandchoicesinthe_(20)___.(1)A.matterB.tradeC.businessD.industry(2)A.workB.retireC.liveD.stay(3)A.happyB.anxiousC.angryD.sorry(4)A.justB.yetC.evenD.still(5)A.questionB.favorC.jobD.idea(6)A.brainB.handC.heartD.aim(7)A.unfortunateB.quickC.uneasyD.direct(8)A.startedB.continuedC.quittedD.finished(9)A.droppedB.handedC.threwD.sent(10)A.wishB.prizeC.giftD.benefit(11)A.surpriseB.joyC.shameD.disappointment(12)A.differentlyB.eagerlyC.hardlyD.willingly(13)A.badlyB.wellC.comfortablyD.awfully(14)A.effectB.effortC.strengthD.power(15)A.createdB.metC.seenD.got(16)A.employerB.dreamerC.builderD.creator(17)A.hammerB.pullC.pressD.force(18)A.wayB.interestC.practiceD.project(19)A.resultB.endC.answerD.reply(20)A.futureB.presentC.pastD.moment一、題型分析完形填空作為一種綜合性的測(cè)試題型，它覆蓋了詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀理解、書面表達(dá)等考試目標(biāo)的全部?jī)?nèi)容。二、答題要領(lǐng)1、快速通讀全文，掌握短文主旨大意。2、抓住結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯三條線索，推斷和預(yù)測(cè)選項(xiàng)。3、特別注意詞組、習(xí)語(yǔ)和句型的積累、同義詞的辯析以及生活常識(shí)的運(yùn)用。4、選擇填完后，通讀短文，仔細(xì)檢查連詞、副詞的使用。5、解答試題的時(shí)候，可利用直接法、排除法和比較等選擇正確答案。閱讀理解閱讀理解的特點(diǎn)1、閱讀理解主要是獲取信息，是理解的前提和手段，理解是分析、加工和處理信息，是閱讀的目的和結(jié)果。2、全面考查考生的記憶、識(shí)別、換算、判斷推理、邏輯思維、分析歸納、概括總結(jié)、猜測(cè)詞義等能力。3、問(wèn)題設(shè)置主要是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、主旨大意（標(biāo)題大意）、綜合判斷、猜測(cè)詞義等。做閱讀理解題步驟：1、理解主旨要義2、理解文中具體信息3、根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞的詞義4、作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度特別注意：做閱讀理解時(shí)，可以先看題目測(cè)試內(nèi)容，然后再看文段，帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀。也可以先看完文段，然后再做題；還可以將兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)，邊看邊做，邊做邊看。

自己去選擇何種方法。閱讀理解例題Someexpertsfeelthatcarsarecertaintofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallcarswillbedesertedandmadeuseless.Otherexperts,however,thinkthecarisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofcitytravelintheforeseeablefuture.Thecarwillundoubtedchangegreatlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmorepractical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.Uselesschangestakeplaceinthepowersystem,thecarinthefuturewillbethemainproblemincitytrafficjams.Onesuggestedsolutiontothisessentialproblemistheautomatedsystem,whichseemstoholdwater.Whenthecarentersthehighwaysystem,asmallarmwilldropfromthecarandconnectwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Oncejoinedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthecarwillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.Thedriverwillusethetelephonetodialinstructionsabouthispositionandtheplaceheheadsforintothesystem.Thecomputerwillfindthebestwayandreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillbefreetorelaxandwaitforthecallthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisbelievedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletodealwith10,000carsperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000carsthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.1、Whatisthemainconcernoftheauthorofthepassage?A.Howtomakecarspollution-free.B.Howtomakecarssmallerandsafer.C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjam.D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.2、Wecaninferfromthispassagethat_____.thecarconnectedtotherailonthehighwaywillbepoweredbyelectricitythelackofoilisforcingpeopletofindnewmeanstopowerautomobilesthedriverunderthesystemwillbetoldwheretogetoutofthehighwaythefuturecarwillbecomelarger,faster,prettierandlessexpensive3、Whatprovidescarswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?A.Anengine.B.Arail.C.Acomputercontroller.D.Asmallarm4、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thedriverputshisinformationinthesystembye-mail.Thenewsystemcandealwith10timesasmanycarsasthepresentone.Afterenteringtheautomatedsystem,thedriverneedstodonothingbutrelaxhimself.Someexpertsarenotconfidentofthefuture,whiletheauthorisinfavorofoppositeview.短文改錯(cuò)注意事項(xiàng)短文改錯(cuò)側(cè)重考查基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)；需要從整體把握文章脈絡(luò)，特別要注意句與句的關(guān)系；做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)要充分利用上下文，注意作者的行文思路。主要涉及一、必考題：1、句子成分殘缺；2、詞語(yǔ)多余；3、句子正確。二、相關(guān)性錯(cuò)誤：

1、名詞錯(cuò)誤單數(shù)名詞改為復(fù)數(shù)名詞是短文改錯(cuò)的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)之一！2、形容詞錯(cuò)誤形容詞---形容詞；形容詞---副詞3、副詞錯(cuò)誤副詞---副詞；副詞---形容詞4、介詞錯(cuò)誤固定搭配或特殊用法錯(cuò)誤5、連詞錯(cuò)誤三類：一是并列連詞之間的誤用；二是從屬連詞之間的誤用；三是從屬連詞和并列連詞之間的誤用。6、冠詞錯(cuò)誤主要有：不定冠詞a和不定冠詞an之間的誤用;定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an的誤用；冠詞多余或句子成份殘缺。7、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤一是動(dòng)詞原形---動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式二是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式---動(dòng)詞原形8、分詞錯(cuò)誤一是現(xiàn)在分詞---過(guò)去分詞二是過(guò)去分詞---現(xiàn)在分詞9、代詞錯(cuò)誤需要搞清楚代詞的種類和在句子中的主要成分。10、動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤一是動(dòng)詞原形---動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞或添加to;二是動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞---動(dòng)詞原形，或去掉to。11、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤一是名詞單復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致；二是動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。短文改錯(cuò)例文Ioftendreamofateacher.Idreamofstandingonthe1.________platformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboys2.________andgirls.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthem3.________Growingup.IamalwaysyoungwhenIwasstaying4.________Withthem.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.You5._________Havetolearninordertoteach.Withoutenoughknowledges6._________Youcanneverlearnwell.Whatismore,youhaveto7._________Befriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.8._________Onlyinhiswaycanyoubeagoodteacherandwin9._________Respectfromthem.ThoughIamastudentnow.IwillWorkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.10._______書面表達(dá)《考試大綱》規(guī)定寫作要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：準(zhǔn)確使用語(yǔ)法和詞匯，使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的意思。書面表達(dá)提示有三種情形：一、文字型提示二、圖表型提示三、圖畫型提示2005年全國(guó)高考書面表達(dá)一覽

地區(qū)寫作內(nèi)容載體文體全國(guó)一卷有關(guān)北京動(dòng)物園是否應(yīng)該遷出市區(qū)的討論

圖表型說(shuō)明文全國(guó)二卷詢問(wèn)去倫敦旅游行程安排

圖表型應(yīng)用文（書信）北京卷向外國(guó)學(xué)生說(shuō)明暑期來(lái)華后的生活安排

圖畫型應(yīng)用文（書信）上海卷通過(guò)一則事例證明“天生我材必有用”文字型議論文書面表達(dá)的共同特點(diǎn)：內(nèi)容充實(shí)，要點(diǎn)全面語(yǔ)