2015年江蘇省高考英語(yǔ)試卷2

2015年江蘇省高考英語(yǔ)試卷解析版參考答案與試題解析一、第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）1．（1分）Whattimeisitnow？A．9：10．B．9：50．C．10：00．【考點(diǎn)】15：短對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略2．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweather？A．It'snice．B．It'swarm．C．It'scold．【考點(diǎn)】15：短對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略3．（1分）Whatwillthemando？A．AttendameetingB．GivealectureC．Leavehisoffice．【考點(diǎn)】15：短對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略4．（1分）Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutthecourse？A．ToohardB．WorthtakingC．Veryeasy．【考點(diǎn)】15：短對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】B【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略5．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo？A．Speaklouder．B．Apologizetoher．C．Turnofftheradio．【考點(diǎn)】15：短對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】C【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略6．（2分）（1）HowlongdidMichaelstayinChina？A．Fivedays．B．Oneweek．C．Twoweeks．（2）WheredidMichaelgolastyear？A．Russia．B．Norway．C．India．【考點(diǎn)】16：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略7．（2分）聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題．8．WhatfooddoesSallylike？A．Chicken．B．Fish．C．Eggs．9．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo？A．Cookdinner．B．Goshopping．C．Orderdishes．【考點(diǎn)】16：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略8．（3分）（1）Wherearethespeakers？A．Inahospital．B．Intheoffice．C．Athome．（2）Whatisthereportdue？A．Thursday．B．Friday．C．NextMonday．（3）WhatdoessuggestStephaniedowiththereport？A．Improveit．B．Handitinlater．C．Leaveitwithhim．【考點(diǎn)】16：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】BAB【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略9．（4分）（1）Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A．Salespersonandcustomer．B．Homeownerandcleaner．C．Husbandandwife．（2）Whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer？A．Onewithtwobedroom．B．Onewithoutfurniture．C．Onenearamarket．（3）Howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheone﹣bedroomapartment？A．＄350．B．＄400．C．＄415．（4）Whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee？A．OnLakeStreet．B．OnMarketStreet．C．OnSouthStreet．【考點(diǎn)】16：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略10．（4分）（1）Whatpercentageoftheworld'steaexportsgotoBritain？A．About15%．B．About30%．C．Over40%．（2）Whydoteatasterstasteteawithmilk？A．MostBritishpeopledrinkthatway．B．Teatastesmuchbetterwithmilk．C．Teawithmilkishealthy．（3）Whosuggestsapriceforeachtea？A．Teatasters．B．Teaexporters．C．Teapanies．（4）Whatisthespeakertalkingabout？A．Thelifeofteatasters．B．AfternoonteainBritain．C．TheLondonTeaTradeCentre．【考點(diǎn)】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【點(diǎn)評(píng)】略第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．11．（1分）Thenumberofsmokers，__________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear．（）A．it B．which C．what D．a(chǎn)s【考點(diǎn)】59：關(guān)系代詞．【分析】正如所報(bào)道的那樣，吸煙者的數(shù)量?jī)H一年就減少了17%．【解答】答案D．這是含有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，空缺的詞為關(guān)系代詞，故排除A、C．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置靈活，可以放在句首、句中、句末．本題容易誤選B項(xiàng)，把thenumberofsmokers看成是先行詞，這里的關(guān)系代詞指代的是thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear這一整句話，而且"asisreported"是常用表達(dá)法故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于關(guān)系代詞的選擇，要分析句子成分，還要結(jié)合關(guān)系代詞本身的用法，加以選擇和判斷．12．（1分）Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto_____totheirgreatestpotential．（）A．a(chǎn)ccelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop【考點(diǎn)】A8：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞．【分析】句意：學(xué)校應(yīng)該是一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)的地方，在這里每個(gè)學(xué)生個(gè)體都被鼓勵(lì)充分發(fā)展，最大限度地激發(fā)潛能．【解答】答案D．A選項(xiàng)"加快，加速"常見搭配有"acceleratethepaceof"；B選項(xiàng)"改進(jìn)，提高"；C選項(xiàng)"表現(xiàn)，表演，執(zhí)行"；D選項(xiàng)"開發(fā)；發(fā)展；沖洗（膠片），養(yǎng)成"；D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析．解答此類題目首先要讀懂句意，然后根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境鎖定合適的動(dòng)詞．平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)動(dòng)詞詞匯量的積累．13．（1分）﹣Jim，canyouworkthisSunday？﹣__________？I'vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend．（）A．Whyme B．Whynot C．Whatif D．Sowhat【考點(diǎn)】JI：語(yǔ)言交際．【分析】﹣﹣﹣Jim，這個(gè)星期六你能加班嗎？﹣﹣﹣為什么是我？我已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作兩周了．【解答】答案A．選項(xiàng)AWhyme？的意思是為什么是我；選項(xiàng)BWhynot的意思是為什么不呢；選項(xiàng)CWhatif的意思是要是…會(huì)怎么樣；選項(xiàng)DSowhat的意思是那又怎么樣．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，應(yīng)該選擇A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】做這類題目，要根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意義、用法及句意來做出正確的選擇和判斷．14．（1分）Muchtime__________sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems．（）A．beingspent B．havingspent C．spent D．spending【考點(diǎn)】A4：動(dòng)詞的過去分詞；BB：過去分詞．【分析】句意：因?yàn)榇蟛糠謺r(shí)間都坐在辦公桌前，所以辦公室職員一般都受健康問題的困擾．【解答】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)．由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)muchtime與主句主語(yǔ)officeworkers不一致，所以是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)．逗號(hào)后為主句，逗號(hào)前為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語(yǔ)．time與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填spent．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】解答此類題目首先要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)找出主句，同時(shí)要注意主句的主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是否一致，如果不一致，則為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)．然后再分析分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用doing，被動(dòng)用done．15．（1分）__________LiBai，agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic，butsomewon'tacceptit．（）A．That B．Why C．Where D．How【考點(diǎn)】79：連接副詞；H7：wh﹣引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句．【分析】句意為：中國(guó)偉大詩(shī)人李白出生的地點(diǎn)是大眾都知道的，但是一些人卻不能接受這一點(diǎn)．【解答】答案：C．is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)該是出生的地方，而不是方式或原因．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】在主語(yǔ)從句中，除了要考慮句子成分，還要看句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系．16．（1分）Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutside__________fullycoveredinthickclothes．（）A．if B．unless C．once D．when【考點(diǎn)】92：從屬連詞．【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚實(shí)點(diǎn)的衣服，千萬(wàn)不要出去．【解答】A選項(xiàng)"如果"；C選項(xiàng)"一旦"；D選項(xiàng)"當(dāng)…時(shí)候"；B選項(xiàng)"如果不；除非"；unless＝if…not，句中"unlessfullycovered"為"連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)"，補(bǔ)充完整為"unlessyouarefullycovered"可轉(zhuǎn)換成"Ifyouaren'tfullycovered"理解，根據(jù)句意及邏輯關(guān)系"外面非常冷"可推知"如果不裹一件厚實(shí)點(diǎn)的衣服會(huì)很冷．"B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句中連詞的辨析．解答此類題目首先要理解題干的意思，其次要知道各選項(xiàng)的意思，然后依次把各個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思放入句子根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，不難選出正確答案．關(guān)鍵還是在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，多積累多總結(jié)多記憶．17．（1分）Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto__________thecountry'sSilkRoadEconomicBelt．（）A．a(chǎn)pplyto B．caterfor C．a(chǎn)ppealto D．huntfor【考點(diǎn)】A9：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．【分析】句意：這所大學(xué)開辦了一些新的語(yǔ)言課程以滿足國(guó)家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的需要．【解答】答案：B．a(chǎn)pplyto意為"向…申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用"；appealto意為"對(duì)…有吸引力；呼吁"；huntfor意為"搜尋，獵捕，尋找"．caterfor意為"迎合，滿足需要；供應(yīng)伙食"，其"迎合，滿足需要"可使句意完整，符合邏輯，故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析．解此類詞或短語(yǔ)辨析時(shí)，一要弄清句意，二要明白各選項(xiàng)的意思，從而選出符合句意的答案．18．（1分）Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble__________theschedule．（）A．didIknow B．haveIknown C．doIknow D．hadIknown【考點(diǎn)】GB：倒裝句；GJ：虛擬語(yǔ)氣．【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻煩，要是我知道這個(gè)計(jì)劃的話．【解答】根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞mighthavedone，可以知道是對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，那么if從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則需用haddone來表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，從而使得主從句保持一致．當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞had時(shí)，if可以省略，從而將had置于句首，句子倒裝．所以D選項(xiàng)正確．故選：D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if省略倒裝的現(xiàn)象．當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were，should（助動(dòng)詞），had（助動(dòng)詞）時(shí)，if可以省略，從而將were，should（助動(dòng)詞），had（助動(dòng)詞）置于句首，句子倒裝．解此類題時(shí)，要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或主從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，來判斷是對(duì)過去、現(xiàn)在、將來三個(gè)時(shí)間里，哪一個(gè)時(shí)間的虛擬假設(shè)，再做題．19．（1分）Thewholeteam_____CristianoRonaldo，andheseldomletsthemdown．（）A．waiton B．focuson C．counton D．callon【考點(diǎn)】A9：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．【分析】全隊(duì)都寄希望于CristianoRonaldo，他很少令他們失望．【解答】waiton意為"服侍，伺候"；focuson意為"集中注意力于…"；callon意為"拜訪；號(hào)召"．counton意為"指望，依靠"符合題意，故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析．解詞義辨析題時(shí)，首先要弄清句意，再來選擇合適的詞或短語(yǔ)．20．（1分）Therealreasonwhyprices__________，andstillare，toohighisplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem．（）A．Were B．willbe C．havebeen D．hadbeen【考點(diǎn)】E2：一般過去時(shí)．【分析】過去和現(xiàn)在價(jià)格一直居高不下的真正原因很復(fù)雜，簡(jiǎn)短的討論解釋這一問題無法讓人滿意．【解答】答案A．根據(jù)句意和題干中的andstillare提示，可知過去的價(jià)格也一直居高不下，故用一般過去時(shí)，表示過去的狀態(tài)，故選A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】用何種時(shí)態(tài)，可以根據(jù)句意以及題目中所給的提示進(jìn)行判斷和選擇．21．（1分）Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand__________reviewofthecase．（）A．prehensive B．plicated C．conscious D．crucial【考點(diǎn)】64：形容詞詞意辨析．【分析】警官?zèng)Q定對(duì)這起案件進(jìn)行一次徹底的、廣泛的審查．【解答】答案：AA項(xiàng)是"綜合的，廣泛的"；B項(xiàng)是"復(fù)雜的"；C項(xiàng)是"有意識(shí)的，神智清醒的"；D項(xiàng)是"重要的，決定性的"．句中thorough和prehensive為并列關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】形容詞詞義辨析，只要分清句子中形容詞詞義即可．22．（1分）Someschoolswillhavetomake__________inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform．（）A．judgments B．a(chǎn)djustments C．ments D．a(chǎn)chievements【考點(diǎn)】A9：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．【分析】一些學(xué)校將不得不作出調(diào)整以和國(guó)家足球改革相一致．【解答】答案B．makejudgments意為"作出判斷"；makements意為"發(fā)表評(píng)論"；makeachievements意為"取得成就"．makeadjustments意為"作出調(diào)整"，結(jié)合句子的意思，"為了和國(guó)家足球改革相一致"，所以要"作出調(diào)整"，故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查名詞意思辨析．解此類詞義辨析題時(shí)，需結(jié)合句意，辨清各選項(xiàng)的詞義，從而選出正確的答案．23．（1分）﹣Whydidn'tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty？﹣Well，youknowhe's__________．（）A．a(chǎn)nearlybird B．a(chǎn)wetblanket C．a(chǎn)luckydog D．a(chǎn)toughnut【考點(diǎn)】JI：語(yǔ)言交際．【分析】﹣﹣你為什么不邀請(qǐng)約翰來參加你的生日派對(duì)呢？﹣﹣哦，你知道他是一個(gè)令人掃興的人．【解答】選項(xiàng)Aanearlybird是指早起的人；選項(xiàng)Bawetblanket是指令人掃興的人；選項(xiàng)Cluckydog是指幸運(yùn)兒；選項(xiàng)Datoughnut是指難對(duì)付的人，這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是俗語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意以及選項(xiàng)的意思，應(yīng)該選擇B．故選：B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】做這類題目，首先要正確理解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，然后根據(jù)句意來選擇正確的選項(xiàng)．24．（1分）Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound__________ThomasEdison．（）A．thanksto B．regardlessof C．a(chǎn)sidefrom D．butfor【考點(diǎn)】GJ：虛擬語(yǔ)氣．【分析】要不是托馬斯愛迪生，我們現(xiàn)在收益的許多東西將不復(fù)存在．【解答】A選項(xiàng)thanksto"幸虧，多虧"；B選項(xiàng)regardlessof"不管，不顧"；C選項(xiàng)asidefrom"除了，除…以外"；D選項(xiàng)butfor"要不是"可用來表示虛擬條件，可用if條件從句代替．butforThomasEdison＝ifithadn'tbeenforThomasEdison【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查含蓄型虛擬語(yǔ)氣．含蓄型虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用without，butfor引出，相當(dāng)于Ifitweren'tfor…和Ifithadn'tbeenfor…，其意為"若不是（有）""要不是"．25．（1分）﹣GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave．﹣I'dliketo，butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy__________．（）A．requests B．excuses C．a(chǎn)pologies D．regrets【考點(diǎn)】31：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)．【分析】﹣﹣Dave，去向你媽媽說對(duì)不起．﹣﹣我想去，但是我怕她不會(huì)接受我的道歉．【解答】答案CA項(xiàng)是"請(qǐng)求"；B項(xiàng)是"借口"；C項(xiàng)是"道歉"；D項(xiàng)是"后悔"．由"saysorry"可知，此處應(yīng)是"道歉"．故選C項(xiàng)．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】根據(jù)情景對(duì)話辨析名詞詞義，只要弄明白對(duì)話的意思即可．第二節(jié)：完形填空（共1小題；每小題20分，滿分20分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．26．（20分）IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel'sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthatmomenton．Thestoriesofhisunconventional（36）ideasandtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso（37）amazingtomeandhadsuchabig（38）impactonhowIsawlifefromthenon．WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr．BernieandhisCDsagainto）（39）getthroughmyowncancerexperience？I'manambitious（40）writer，andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo（化療），eventhoughI'mavery（41）positiveperson，Ilostmydrivetowrite．Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe（42）mood．Oneday，whilewaitingtogoinfor（43）treatment，IhadoneofDr．Bernie'sbooksinmyhand．Anotherpatient（44）noticedwhatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme（45）becausehehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell．It（46）turnedoutthatamongotherthings，hewasaneighty﹣year﹣oldwriter．Hewas（47）actuallyapublishedauthor，andhewascurrently（48）workingonanewbook．Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand（49）becamefriends．Sometimesheworeaduckhat，andIwouldtellmyself，hewasdefinitelya（n）（50）fanofDr．Bernie．Hereallyputa（51）smileonmyface．Heunfortunately（52）passedawaylastyearduetohiscancer，（53）butheleftadeepimpressiononmeandgavemethe（54）inspirationtopickupmypenagain．I（55）thoughttomyself，"Ifhecandoit，thensocanI．"36．A．tastesB．ideasC．notesD．memories37．A．a(chǎn)mazingB．shockingC．a(chǎn)musingD．strange38．A．strikeB．pushC．challengeD．impact39．A．learnfromB．gooverC．getthroughD．referto40．A．readerB．writerC．editorD．doctor41．A．positiveB．a(chǎn)greeableC．humorousD．honest42．A．moodB．positionC．stateD．way43．A．a(chǎn)dviceB．referenceC．protectionD．treatment44．A．viewedB．knewC．noticedD．wondered45．A．whileB．becauseC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．providing46．A．cameoutB．workedoutC．provedoutD．turnedout47．A．naturallyB．merelyC．hopefullyD．a(chǎn)ctually48．A．decidingB．investingC．workingD．relying49．A．becameB．helpedC．missedD．visited50．A．patientB．operatorC．fanD．publisher51．A．signB．smileC．markD．mask52．A．showedupB．setoffC．felldownD．passedaway53．A．sinceB．butC．soD．for54．A．guidanceB．trustC．opportunityD．inspiration55．A．promisedB．sworeC．thoughtD．replied【考點(diǎn)】L1：記敘文．【分析】本文是一篇記敘文．作者讀了BernieSiegel的書，深受書中積極人生觀的影響．之后作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作，但在治療期間結(jié)識(shí)一位同樣受到Bernie影響，年邁卻仍堅(jiān)持寫作的病友．在病友死后，作者又重新拾起紙筆，以此告訴讀者書籍給人帶來積極的影響．【解答】36．B考查名詞．根據(jù)首段首句可知，作者讀了BernieSiegel的書，深受書中積極人生觀的影響．此處unconventionalideas意為"非傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)"與上句中"積極的人生觀"呼應(yīng)．故選B項(xiàng)．37．A考查形容詞．根據(jù)上文中"unconventional（非傳統(tǒng)的）"和"unexceptional（例外的）"提示可知，他書中所寫的東西對(duì)我來說十分驚異．故選A項(xiàng)．38．D考查名詞．haveanimpacton為固定搭配，意為"對(duì)…有影響"．A項(xiàng)"打擊"；B項(xiàng)"推，逼迫"；C項(xiàng)"挑戰(zhàn)"；D項(xiàng)"影響"．故選D項(xiàng)．39．C考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．根據(jù)下文可知，作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作．但病友的執(zhí)著和BernieSiegel積極的人生觀讓自己又重新拾起紙筆，渡過了這段艱難時(shí)期．A項(xiàng)"從…中獲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，汲取教訓(xùn)"；B項(xiàng)"復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查"；D項(xiàng)"提到，涉及，參考"；C項(xiàng)"渡過難關(guān)"；C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)．40．B考查名詞．根據(jù)下文中"Ilostmydrivetowrite"可知，作者是一名有抱負(fù)的作家．A項(xiàng)"讀者"；B項(xiàng)"作家"；C項(xiàng)"編輯"；D項(xiàng)"醫(yī)生"．故選B項(xiàng)．41．A考查形容詞．句意：盡管我是一個(gè)積極的人，還是失去了寫作的動(dòng)力．a(chǎn)positiveperson與Ilostmydrivetowrite構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，可推知，作者是一位非常積極樂觀的人．故選A項(xiàng)．42．A考查名詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境作者因?yàn)椴⊥词チ藢懽鞯膭?dòng)力，感到太累，故可推知，作者心情不好．notinthemood意為"心情不好"．故選A項(xiàng)．43．D考查名詞．根據(jù)作者生病了，應(yīng)該是等待治療，可知，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境．故選D項(xiàng)．44．C考查動(dòng)詞．由下文可知，另一位病人應(yīng)是注意到了作者正在讀的書．notice"注意到"．故選C項(xiàng)．45．B考查連詞．根據(jù)句意："該空后是他主動(dòng)和我攀談的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的書"可知，空處前后是因果關(guān)系，所以because表原因符合語(yǔ)境．故選B項(xiàng)．46．D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．A項(xiàng)"出現(xiàn)，出版"；B項(xiàng)"鍛煉，解決，制定"；C項(xiàng)"證明是合適的，令人滿意的"；D項(xiàng)"證明是，結(jié)果是"．"Itturnedoutthat"是固定搭配，意為"結(jié)果是…，結(jié)果證明…"；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"除此之外，他是一位八十歲的作家．"可知，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)．47．D考查副詞．A項(xiàng)"自然地"；B項(xiàng)"僅僅"；C項(xiàng)"有希望地"；D項(xiàng)"事實(shí)上"；根據(jù)句意"事實(shí)上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在寫一本新書．"可知，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)．48．C考查動(dòng)詞搭配．A項(xiàng)decideon"決定，確定"；B項(xiàng)investon"投資，花時(shí)間在…上"；D項(xiàng)relyon"依賴，依靠"；C項(xiàng)workon"從事，忙于"；根據(jù)句意"他目前在寫一本新書"可知，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境．故選C項(xiàng)．49．A考查動(dòng)詞．A項(xiàng)"成為"；B項(xiàng)"幫助"；C項(xiàng)"錯(cuò)過"；D項(xiàng)"拜訪"．根據(jù)句意"我們總是在許多時(shí)候見到對(duì)方，成了朋友"可知，后來作者和那位病人時(shí)不時(shí)地見面，也就成了朋友，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)．50．C考查名詞．A項(xiàng)"病人"；B項(xiàng)"操作員，接線員"；C項(xiàng)"粉絲"；D項(xiàng)"出版商"．根據(jù)句意可知，他的確是Bernie的書迷．故選C項(xiàng)．51．B考查名詞．A項(xiàng)"標(biāo)志，跡象，征兆"；B項(xiàng)"微笑"；C項(xiàng)"標(biāo)記"；D項(xiàng)"面罩"．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者原本心情不好，后來交了新朋友，心情也好轉(zhuǎn)了，朋友的舉動(dòng)感染了我，使我在生活中面帶微笑．故選B項(xiàng)．52．D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．A項(xiàng)"出現(xiàn)，露面"；B項(xiàng)"出發(fā)，動(dòng)身"；C項(xiàng)"跌倒"；D項(xiàng)"去世（死的委婉表達(dá)）"．根據(jù)空前的"unfortunately"可知，作者的這位朋友去世了，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)．53．B考查連詞．A項(xiàng)表示時(shí)間；B項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折；C項(xiàng)表示結(jié)果；D項(xiàng)表示原因；根據(jù)句意"他去年不幸死于癌癥，但給我留下了深刻的印象"可知，前后兩分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)．54．D考查名詞．A項(xiàng)"指導(dǎo)"；B項(xiàng)"信任"；C項(xiàng)"機(jī)會(huì)"；D項(xiàng)"鼓舞，激勵(lì)，啟發(fā)"；根據(jù)空后的"pickupmypenagain"可知，他給了作者鼓舞，作者重新開始寫作．故選D項(xiàng)．55．C考查名詞．A項(xiàng)"承諾"；B項(xiàng)"鄭重發(fā)誓"；C項(xiàng)thinktooneself"自言自語(yǔ)"；D項(xiàng)"回答"；根據(jù)句意"我對(duì)自己說："如果他能做到，我也能"可知，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】解答此類題目可遵循以下步驟：第一步，通讀全文，了解文章大意，獲得整體印象，同時(shí)初選出一批較有把握的答案．第二步，邊核對(duì)初選答案邊補(bǔ)填留下的空格．如果短文難度較大，則可復(fù)讀幾遍，核對(duì)和確定答案．有些空一時(shí)決定不了，可作個(gè)記號(hào)，待復(fù)查時(shí)再確定．第三步，復(fù)查定稿．從整體理解角度出發(fā)，仔細(xì)審核答案，確保意義上、語(yǔ)法上沒有錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)對(duì)遺留下來的少數(shù)幾個(gè)空格作最后選擇．第三部分：閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題4分，滿分30分）請(qǐng)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.27．（4分）56．AccordingtotheCode，visitorsshouldactA．A．withcareandrespectB．withreliefandpleasureC．withcautionandcalmnessD．withattentionandobservation57．WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand？CA．Takeyourowncampingfacilities．B．Buryglassfarawayfromrivers．C．Followthetrackforthesakeofplants．D．Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds．【考點(diǎn)】O3：廣告布告類閱讀；P2：文中細(xì)節(jié)；P4：邏輯推理．【分析】本文大意不要攜帶任何有害新西蘭的物品入境保護(hù)動(dòng)植物恰當(dāng)處理垃圾妥善處理排泄物保護(hù)水資源小心防火細(xì)心露營(yíng)野炊不要另辟蹊徑，有路走路處處留意【解答】56．A推理判斷題．根據(jù)文中的副標(biāo)題可知，去新西蘭旅游時(shí)不能攜帶任何危害到新西蘭的物品，要保護(hù)動(dòng)植物，處理好垃圾等可知，游客應(yīng)該細(xì)心對(duì)待并尊重自然．故選A．57．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中keeptothetrack中的"keeptothetrack，whereoneexists，soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplannts．"可知，在有路的地方要沿著路走，這樣可減少對(duì)脆弱植物的破壞．故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于有副標(biāo)題的應(yīng)用文，解題時(shí)應(yīng)抓住副標(biāo)題來理解文章的大意，節(jié)省解題的時(shí)間．28．（6分）IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell﹣phonesarethrownawayeachyear．Cell﹣phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikeputersandpersonaldigitalassistants．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole．Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver．ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallinparisontototalwaste，theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo﹣callede﹣wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals．Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals．Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment．Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts．Consideragainthecell﹣phone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包裝）itcamein．Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell．TheU．S．EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat"theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts﹣aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste﹣allresultingreenhousegasrelease．"Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart﹣forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling．Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）forreducingwaste．Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace？Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney．Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision？Fromthegovernments'pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax﹣payersbacktotheproducers．58．BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthatB．A．theweightofe﹣goodsisrathersmallB．E﹣wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC．naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD．thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine﹣waste59．Theresponsibilityofe﹣wastetreatmentshouldbeextendedB．A．fromproducerstogovernmentsB．fromgovernmentstoproducersC．fromindividualstodistributorsD．fromdistributorstogovernments60．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？DA．Theincreaseine﹣waste．B．Thecreationofe﹣waste．C．Theseriousnessofe﹣waste．D．Themanagementofe﹣waste．【考點(diǎn)】OA：健康環(huán)保類閱讀；P1：內(nèi)容歸納；P6：作者情感態(tài)度．【分析】文章主要介紹了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措施．隨著電子數(shù)碼科技的進(jìn)步，產(chǎn)生了越來越多的電子垃圾．、電腦和電子元器件等被越來越多地扔掉，里面含有像金銀之類的貴金屬，但也含有大量的有毒物質(zhì)，作者詳細(xì)地分析了造成這一問題的原因，并提出了堅(jiān)決問題的建議和措施．【解答】58．B推理判斷題．文章第一段告訴我們，每年有大量廢棄電子產(chǎn)品被隨意丟棄．緊接著第二段首句"Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver．"指出：電子設(shè)備中含有有用的金屬，如金和銀，并用Swissstudy佐證這一觀點(diǎn)，據(jù)此可知作者想要告訴我們，電子垃圾值得被充分運(yùn)用．故答案選B．59．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題．文中六、七、八段圍繞"生產(chǎn)責(zé)任延伸"展開，最后一段做了總結(jié)．根據(jù)最后一段的"aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax﹣payersbacktotheproducers．"可知處理電子垃圾的責(zé)任應(yīng)該從政府延伸到用戶身上．故答案選B．60．D主旨大意題．這篇短文主要講述了電子垃圾被隨意丟棄這一現(xiàn)象，文中詳細(xì)分析了造成這一問題的原因，并提出了建議．故答案選D"電子垃圾的管理"．而其余三項(xiàng)都只是概括了文章的部分內(nèi)容，并不能概括全文．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】健康環(huán)保類文章常是介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)和環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的短文．閱讀此類短文要以現(xiàn)象或事物為中心進(jìn)行思考，理解現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、條件和客觀規(guī)律等．同時(shí)要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互關(guān)系等．由于此類文章缺乏故事情節(jié)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)此類文章感到費(fèi)解．文章都是就事論事，需要邏輯推理和想象的時(shí)候較少，因此此類閱讀題也沒有同學(xué)們想象中的那么難，只要多加訓(xùn)練，就能較好地答題．29．（8分）Supposeyoubeealeaderinanorganization．It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer．Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved．Forexample，peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds，peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate．Toselectvolunteers，youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract．Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso．Toincreaselevelsofmunityservice，someschoolshavelaunchedpulsoryvolunteerprograms．Unfortunately，theseprogramscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor（e．g．，"Ivolunteerbecauseit'simportanttome"）toanexternalfactor（e．g．，"IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso"）．Whenthathappens，peoplebeelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture．Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust．Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer，whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime？Toanswerthisquestion，researchershaveconductedfollow﹣upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime．Forinstance，onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear．Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions．Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou，itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice．Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"．Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole．Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam．"Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations，theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相關(guān)）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer．Theseresults，onceagain，leadtoconcreteadvice："Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering，continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity…ItemslikeT﹣shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity"．61．PeoplevolunteermainlyoutofD．A．a(chǎn)cademicrequirementsB．socialexpectationsC．financialrewardsD．internalneeds62．WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy？BA．Follow﹣upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear．B．Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared．C．Strategytrainingisamustinresearch．D．Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice．63．Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork？CA．Individualdifferencesinroleidentity．B．PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT﹣shirts．C．Roleidentityasavolunteer．D．Practicaladvicefromresearchers．64．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？AA．HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB．HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC．HowtoKeepVolunteers'InterestD．HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities．【考點(diǎn)】O6：社會(huì)文化類閱讀；P1：內(nèi)容歸納；P2：文中細(xì)節(jié)；P4：邏輯推理．【分析】文章分析了志愿者為何自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，研究者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內(nèi)在的需求，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰@樣做，志愿者身份的認(rèn)可會(huì)激勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作．【解答】61．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的"peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds，peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate．"可知，人們做志愿者工作主要是出于內(nèi)在的需求，故選D．62．B推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段最后一句的"…trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"可知，志愿者應(yīng)該從心理上做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，故選B．63．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第五段第二句中的"thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．"可知，志愿者身份的認(rèn)可會(huì)激勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作，故選C．64．A主旨大意題．文章開始假設(shè)你是一個(gè)組織中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，很可能想得到志愿者的幫助，并指出在此之前必須弄清志愿者為什么會(huì)自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，并通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意圖．所以選項(xiàng)A如何讓人們?nèi)プ鲋驹刚呤亲詈玫臉?biāo)題，故選A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文是社會(huì)文化類閱讀，考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．30．（12分）FreedomandResponsibilityFreedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic．Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit．Some2，500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom．Beforethattherewasnofreedom．Thereweregreatcivilizations，splendidempires，butnofreedomanywhere．EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies，oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses．InGreece，inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry，therewerenohelplessmasses．AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether．Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert．TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted．Amanwasfreeifhewasself﹣controlled．Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom．Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair．EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens，notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside，butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety．Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate．Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringputers．Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall．Ifpeopledonotprizeit，andworkforit，itwillgo．Constantwatchisitsprice．Athenschanged．Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate．IthadbeentheAtheniansprideandjoytogivetotheircity．Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds．Therehadtobeapletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork．Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate，thestatewastogivetothem．Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideafortablelifeforthem；andwiththisastheprimaryobject，ideasoffreedomandself﹣relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing．Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare．Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility．Therecouldbeonlyoneresult．Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself﹣dependenceandresponsibilityforthemongood，theywouldceasetobefree．Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom．Itistobehadonnootherterms．Athens，theAthensofAncientGreece，refusedresponsibility；shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain．But，"theexcellentbeesthepermanent"，Aristotlesaid．Athenslostfreedomforever，butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld．AgreatAmerican，JamesMadison，referredto："Thecapacity（能力）ofmankindforself﹣government．"NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek．Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind，butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea，itisneverpletelylost．TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit．Somehowinthisorthatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction．Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime．65．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tyrannies"inParagraph2referto？DA．Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp．B．Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization．C．Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom．D．Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower．66．PeoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewhoC．A．regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB．seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC．behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD．treatotherswithkindnessandpity67．WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens？AA．TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility．B．TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity．C．TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment．D．TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness．68．Whatdoesthesentence"Therecouldbeonlyoneresult．"inParagraph5mean？BA．Athenswouldcontinuetobefree．B．Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom．C．Freedomwouldefromresponsibility．D．FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself﹣dependence．69．WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison？AA．Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom．B．Theauthoriscautiousaboutself﹣government．C．TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization．D．Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity．70．Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom？DA．Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage．B．Freedommayetoanendinthedigitalage．C．Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility．D．Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility．【考點(diǎn)】O7：政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類閱讀；P1：內(nèi)容歸納；P2：文中細(xì)節(jié)；P6：作者情感態(tài)度．【分析】這是一篇?dú)v史文化類說明文．文章講述了自由的起源、演變及其在古代文化下的形態(tài)和缺陷，以及數(shù)字化世界給自由帶來的挑戰(zhàn)．自由起源于2500年前的希臘，雅典人自由地生活在一起，因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蜃栽冈诜梢?guī)定和價(jià)值體系下一起從事活動(dòng)．后來雅