第3講 并列句和狀語從句 學(xué)案 高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

并列句和狀語從句一．并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。常見并列連詞：1.表示并列：and,notonly…but(also)…,both...and...,neither…nor…等2.表示選擇：or,either…or…,not...but...等3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but,yet,while（“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比）等e.g.Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.4.表示因果：so,for二．狀語從句由從句擔(dān)任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，它可以用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、目的、結(jié)果、地點(diǎn)、比較等。（一）時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till/until,not…until,since,once,assoonas(或themoment),nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…,bythetime,everytime等引導(dǎo)。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.Itis/hasbeenfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.注意事項(xiàng)：1.nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…結(jié)構(gòu)中，than與when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用一般過去式，主句謂語用過去完成式，此外，當(dāng)把nosooner與hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。Eg:Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.2.not…until句型中的倒裝用法Eg:Notuntilhegotseriouslyilldidherealizetheimportanceofhealth.（notuntil置于句首，主句要部分倒裝）3.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自從……以來，從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是一般過去時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Eg:IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2015.（二）原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的常用連詞是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）,seeingthat（因?yàn)?，由于，鑒于）,consideringthat（鑒于，考慮到）等。because意為“因?yàn)椤?，語氣強(qiáng)烈，表示事情發(fā)生的直接原因，常用來回答why的提問。Eg：Nowthatyou’vegrownup，youmustlearntostandonyourownfeet.你既然已經(jīng)長大成人，就得學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立生活。（三）條件狀語從句if，unless，so/aslongas，incase(萬一)，onconditionthat（條件是），supposing/suppose(that)等都可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句要注意“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法。unless意義上等于ifnot，在應(yīng)用時(shí)如果沒把握可以用ifnot替換一下，講得通的話，才能使用unless。You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)考試不及格。（四）讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,evenif/though（盡管，即使）,while,whether...or...（不管...還是...),whatever,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引導(dǎo)。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.注意事項(xiàng)：1.although/though都可與yet,still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。2.although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，只能用正常語序；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語序；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語序，即將從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。Eg:Childasheis,heknowsalot.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.nomatterwho(what，when，which，how等)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“無論何人(什么，何時(shí)，哪個(gè)/些，怎樣等)”。Eg：Hekeepstakingexercisenomatterhow(however)colditis.Whateverwork(Nomatterwhatwork)wedo，weshoulddoourbest.（五）方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as,asif/though（好像）等引導(dǎo)。（asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣；但若從句中陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣）e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Shetreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.（六）目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的連詞詞（組）是：sothat,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）,forfearthat（唯恐，生怕）,lest（以免，免得）等。（注意：sothat與inorderthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，inorderthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后；而sothat引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后；incase,forfearthat與lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用（should+）動(dòng)詞原形，它們本身帶有否定意義。）Eg：Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.Inorderthatwegetthereontime，weshouldsetoutearly.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（七）結(jié)果狀語從句(1)so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容詞/副詞,形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),many/much/few/little少＋,名詞))＋that從句Eg：Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.(2)such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞,單數(shù),形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/,不可數(shù)名詞,alotof/lotsof＋名詞))＋that從句Eg：Heissuchalearnedpersonthatwealladmirehimverymuch.＝Heissolearnedapersonthatwealladmirehimverymuch.注意：當(dāng)“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。Eg：SoanxiousamIthatIcan’tsleepuntildeepintothenight.sothat也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中往往沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而且主從句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開。Eg：Hedidn’tobeythecontract，sothathewasfined.（八）地點(diǎn)狀語從句where意為“在某個(gè)地方”；wherever意為“無論在哪里”。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.你喜歡坐哪兒都可以。（九）比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than,so/as…as,the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…等引導(dǎo)。e.g.Ihavemademoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題1．在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。e.g.We’llgooutifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2．有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動(dòng)詞be，可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(itis)necessary,I’llexplaintheproblemtoyouagain.練習(xí)1.(2021新高考Ⅰ,62)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.

2.(2020新高考Ⅰ,57)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobiguntiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.

3.(2020新高考Ⅱ,62)Eachvolumeinthesetexploresawiderangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.

4.(2019全國Ⅱ,67)Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemadeovertheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,becauseIwantto.”

5.(2020新高考Ⅱ,60)TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumesaimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.

6.(2019全國Ⅱ,62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.

7.(2019江蘇,21)Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

16.(2017北京,28)Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.

8.(2018江蘇,23)Self-drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.

9.(2018北京,5)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

10.(2017全國Ⅰ,70)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

11.(2017浙江,64)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.

12.(2020北京,3)Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemyoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.

13.(201