BEC-module3-商務(wù)英語初級(jí)

新編劍橋商務(wù)英語學(xué)生用書〔初級(jí)〕〔第三版〕

SUCCESSWITHBECPRELIMINARY

電子課件

主編陳小慰

副主編蘇翊翔

編著蘇翊翔鄭穎峰Module3BECPreliminaryHomework

Checking寫一封Email，假設(shè)你是某個(gè)地產(chǎn)realestate公司的秘書secretary['sekr?t(?)r?]，告知你們?cè)诎屠璧暮献骰锇槟銈兊目偨?jīng)理約翰格林將于六月2日到7日到達(dá)巴黎，處理有關(guān)在那開樣品房mockuproom的事宜，他會(huì)于六月3日下午2：00點(diǎn)拜訪他們。請(qǐng)他們告知這個(gè)時(shí)間是否方便。如不方便，請(qǐng)建議具體時(shí)間。DearMr./Ms,

Mr.JohnGreen,ourGeneralManager,willbeinParisfromJune

2to7andwouldliketocomeandseeyou,onJune3at2.00p.m.abouttheopeningofasampleroomthere.Pleaseletusknowifthetimeisconvenientforyou.Ifnot,whattimeyouwouldsuggest.Yoursfaithfully,XXReviewModule

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mails.Contents3.1Businesstopic:Companybiography3.2Businessskills:Companyperformance3.3Examspotlight:WritingtestModuleThreeCompanybiography3.1BusinessTopic3.1BusinessTopic:CompanyBiographyReadingListeningGrammarCompanybiography

Companybiography

CompanyprofilesSpeaking

PresentingyourcompanyCompanybiographyREADINGKeyPointsfeature作動(dòng)詞，意思是“以……為特色”

如：Thenewtypeenginesfeaturehighspeed,smallsizeandeconomicaloperatingcosts.multicolouredmultistoreyofficeblock

multimillionamulticulturalsocietymultifunction(al)multimixer：多功能攪拌器muliti是一個(gè)常用的前綴，意思是“〔許〕多”KeyPointsexclusive唯一的，單獨(dú)的，專一的如：ThereportermanagedtogetanexclusiveinterviewwiththePrimeMinister.ThisofficeisforthePresident’sexclusiveuse.KeyPointsFranchise〔由某公司授予或售出的〕在特定地方經(jīng)銷某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的特許權(quán)，可用作名詞或動(dòng)詞。如：hisfirstfranchisedMcDonaldrestaurantStartafranchisebusinessandBeTheBoss!KeyPointsfor意思是“以……為交換，以……為代價(jià)”如:HeboughtthebusinessfromtheMacDonaldbrothersfor$2.7million.

Youcanbuythepaperbackforabouttwopounds.KeyPointslineup排列成行如：Everybodylineup,facingthefront.Helinedupbehindtheotherstowaithisturn.KeyPointsThepastsimple一般過去時(shí)GRAMMAR一般過去時(shí)用于：?談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間已點(diǎn)明或從上下文可獲知。Raytalkedtotheowners.?談?wù)撨^去的狀態(tài)。In1954,twobrothersranasmallrestaurant.規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式何時(shí)要重復(fù)寫最后一個(gè)輔音再以-ed結(jié)尾?

條件是：動(dòng)詞最后一個(gè)音節(jié)是重讀閉音節(jié)。Tips如：pat–patted,beg–begged,trip絆倒–tripped,nod–nodded,hug–huggedTips情況1：詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，它的前面只有一個(gè)元音字母〔即a,e,i,o,u中的一個(gè)〕的單音節(jié)詞。如：prefer–preferred,refer–referred,infer推斷–inferredoccur–occurred,equip–equipped,commit–committed例外：travel–travelled〔重音在第一節(jié)，卻重復(fù)寫最后一個(gè)輔音〕但美式拼法不重復(fù)寫最后一個(gè)輔音，寫作traveled。注意：由于BEC是英國(guó)人組織的考試，所以還是以英式拼寫為準(zhǔn)。Tips情況2：具備情況1的前兩個(gè)條件，且重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)的雙音節(jié)詞。規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式何時(shí)要去y,再加-ied?條件是：該動(dòng)詞的結(jié)尾是“輔音＋y”。Tips如：try–tried,fry–fried,study–studied,occupy–occupied如果動(dòng)詞的結(jié)尾是“元音＋y”，那么直接加-ed。如：play–played,destroy–destroyedTipsCompanyprofilesREADINGEurope’sbiggestbudgetairline歐洲最大的低價(jià)航空公司thebestplacetobookyourcheapflightsonline網(wǎng)上預(yù)定廉價(jià)機(jī)票的最好去處Easyjet易捷航空公司BackgroundInformationanonlinetravelagencyande-tailer一家網(wǎng)上旅游公司和電子零售商specialistsinflights,hotels,carsandholidaysatthelastminute提供最后一刻預(yù)定航班、旅館、汽車、假日的專門機(jī)構(gòu)Lastminute英國(guó)在線預(yù)定公司BackgroundInformationglobalretailerofskincare,bodycareproducts護(hù)膚、美體產(chǎn)品的全球零售商thesecondlargestcosmeticfranchiseintheworld是世界上第二大化裝品特許經(jīng)營(yíng)連鎖店TheBodyShop美體小鋪BackgroundInformationethicaltrade道德經(jīng)商['eθ?k(?)l]highstreet商業(yè)大街(themostimportantshoppingandbusinessstreetofatown)美國(guó)英語為mainstreetKeyPointscontract作動(dòng)詞，意思是“訂契約，立合同，立約規(guī)定”如：Thefirmcontractedtobuildthenewrailwaywithintheyear.Ourshopcontractedwithalocalclothingfirmfor100coatsaweek.KeyPointstakedeliveryof收〔貨〕，提取〔貨物〕如：Thecompanyhasjusttakendeliveryofanewcomputersystem.Thatcountryistakingdeliveryoftwelvefast-patrolboats.KeyPointsmerge作動(dòng)詞，意思是“〔公司、企業(yè)等的〕兼并，購并”如：Theyadvisedtheirclientstotakeoverormergewithanothercompany.其名詞形式為merger，如：Onesolutionmightbeamergerwithanotherelectronicsfirm.

KeyPointsairline〔一般用復(fù)數(shù)airlines〕航空公司如：TherewerenootherairlinesdoingadirectflighttoLondon.KeyPointsmassivelysuccessfulcompany十分成功的公司KeyPointsgopublic上市，公開出售股票如：Thecompanyisgoingpublicnextmonth.PublicToilet人民公廁;公廁;公共廁所;公共衛(wèi)生間;publicadministration公共行政;公共行政學(xué);公共管理學(xué);publicgoods公共物品;公共產(chǎn)品;公共財(cái);公共品;PublicRelation公共關(guān)系;公關(guān);公共關(guān)系學(xué);公共關(guān)系專業(yè);KeyPointstrueto忠實(shí)于，忠誠(chéng)于如：Johnalwaysstaystruetohisprinciples.Sheisalwaystruetoherword.KeyPointsSPEAKING—Presentingyourcompany企業(yè)的三種主要形式個(gè)人獨(dú)資(sole[s??l]trader/proprietorship)[pr?'prai?t?,?ip]:這種企業(yè)是由企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者個(gè)人投資開辦的，有點(diǎn)像中國(guó)的個(gè)體戶。合伙公司(partnership)：這種企業(yè)很常見，會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所，律師事務(wù)所和其他小型業(yè)務(wù)多用此種組織形式。股份制公司(limitedcorporation)：這是最多見的企業(yè)組織形式，公司是獨(dú)立承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的企業(yè)法人。Decidewhetherthesetypesofbusinessorganizationsusuallyhaveoneownerormorethanoneowner.

自由職業(yè)者非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)上市股份afreelancer['fri?lɑ?ns?(r)]anon-profitorganizationapubliclimitedcompany(plc)

Decidewhetherthesetypesofbusinessorganizationsusuallyhaveoneownerormorethanoneowner.

個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)股份合伙公司個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)asoletraderalimitedcompany(Ltd)apartnershipself-employedWorkalone.Supposethatyouhavealreadyhadyourowncompany.Pleaseprepareabiographyofyourcompanyincludingthefollowingpoints.假設(shè)你已擁有自己的公司，準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)公司開展的簡(jiǎn)況，請(qǐng)包括以下要點(diǎn)。Companyname公司名稱0Notablesuccess重大的成功61．line〔s〕：〔輪船、航空、航運(yùn)等〕公司。例如：

AtlanticContainerLine大西洋集裝箱海運(yùn)公司。

HawaiianAirLines，夏威夷航空公司

2．a(chǎn)gency：公司，代理行。例如:

TheAustinAdvertisingAgency奧斯汀廣告公司

ChinaOceanShippingAgency中國(guó)外輪代理公司

3．store〔s)百貨公司。例如：

GreatUniversalStore大世界百貨公司〔英〕

TescoStores〔Holdings〕坦斯科百貨公司〔英〕

4．a(chǎn)ssociates了〔聯(lián)合〕公司。例如：

BritishNuclearAssociates英國(guó)核子聯(lián)合公司

SubseaEquipmentAssociatesLtd.海底設(shè)備聯(lián)合〔英、法、美合辦〕5．system〔播送、航空等〕公司。例如：

MutualBroadcastingSystem相互播送公司〔莫〕

MalaysianAirlineSvqtpmRhd.馬來西亞航空公司諸如firm，house，business,etc。就是在專有公司名稱中，“公司”也決非只有companyCompanyname公司名稱0Notablesuccess重大的成功66．office：公司，多與head，homebranch等同連用。例如。

3MChinaLimitedGuangzhouBranchOffice

3M中國(guó)廣州分公司

ChinaBooksImportandExportCorporation〔HeadOffice〕

中國(guó)圖書進(jìn)出口總公司7．service〔s)：〔效勞〕公司。例如：

Africa－NewZealandService

非洲--新西蘭眼務(wù)公司

TropicAirServices

特羅皮克航空公司

此外，exchange，center等詞在特定的上下文中也可轉(zhuǎn)義表示“公司”。例如：

AmericanManufacturersForeignCreditInsuranceExchange

美國(guó)制造商出口信用保險(xiǎn)公司

Binks〔Shanghai〕engineeringExhibitionCenter,Ltd.

賓克斯〔上?！惩垦b工程設(shè)備展示TYPESOFBUSINESSORGANISATIONECONOMICSAllReferencefromGoogleSearchStudentsshouldbeabletoexplainthefeatures,Advantagesanddisadvantagesof:-SoletraderPartnershipPrivatelimitedcompanyPubliclimitedcompanyPubliccorporationCo-operativesocietiesStudentsshouldbeabletodefinepublicandprivatesectorOBJECTIVESPrivatelimitedcompany:Atypeofincorporatedfromwhichofferslimitedliabilitytoitsshareholder,1to50owners,limitedliability.Publiclimitedcompany:Acompanywhichhasofferedsharestothegeneralpublicandhaslimitedliability,2tounlimitedowners,limitedliability.PrivateSectorBusinessOrganisationsUnincorporated

BusinessesIncorporated

Businesses組成法人的SoleTraderPartnershipPrivateLimitedCompanyPublic

Limited

Company[?n'k??p?re?t?d][,?n?n'k??p?re?t?d]Apartoftheeconomywherealltheeconomicactivitiesareownedandcontrolledbyprivateindividualsisknownasprivatesector.ApartoftheeconomywherealltheeconomicactivitiesareownedandcontrolledbyGovernmentisknownaspublicsector.PUBLICSECTOR&PRIVATESECTOR

公營(yíng)&私營(yíng)FEATURESOFSOLETRADERAnybusinessthatisowned&controlledbyone

person.Theydonothaveseparatelegalentity['ent?t?]fromitsowner.Soletraderhasunlimitedliability.Profitsandlossesofthebusinessarebornebytheowner.Soletraderfindsveryeasytostartthebusiness.SOLETRADERADVANTAGESOFSOLETARDERFirmsareusuallysmall,andeasytosetupGenerallyasmallamountofcapitalisneededtopcommenceThewagebillisusuallylowsincelessemployeeItiseasiertokeepoverallcontrolSoletraderreceivesalltheprofitsDISADVANTAGESOFSOLETARDERSoletraderhasnoonetoshareresponsibilitySoletraderoftenworklonghours&difficulttotakeholidaysExpansionisdifficultsincelimitedcapitalRiskofunlimitedliabilitySoletraderreceivesalltheprofits.SimilarlyheorshewillreceivesallthelossesalsoFEATURESOFPARTNERSHIPBusinessesownedbytwoormorepeopleAcontractcalled‘deed’isusuallydrawnupPartnershasunlimitedliabilityProfitsandlossesaresharedbythepartnersCapitalisusuallylargerthansoletraderPARTNERSHIPADVANTAGESOFPARTNERSHIPPartnershiphassharedresponsibilityCapitalismoresincethemaximumlimitforthepartnersare20BetterideascanbebroughtbythediscussionamongpartnersThereislesstimepressureonindividualpartnersBetteradministrationandfinancialsystemthansoletraders.DISADVANTAGESOFPARTNERSHIPPartnershaveunlimitedliabilityTherecanbedisputesamongpartnersThedistributionofprofitscancauseproblemsTherecouldbedifficultiesifonepartnerdiesIndividualpartnersdonothavecontrolonthebusinessFEATURESOFPRIVATELIMITEDCOMPANYThecompanynamemustdisplaythewordpvtltd.ThecompanyisnotallowedtoadvertiseaboutitssharesinthestockexchangeThesharesarenotsoldtostockexchange,buttheysellsharestotheirfriendsandfamilymembersThereisnominimumvalueofsharesthathavetobesoldwhenstartingthecompanyTheseareusuallysmallerthanpubliclimitedcompaniesPRIVATELIMITEDCompanyADVANTAGESOFPRIVATELIMITEDCOMPANYTheliabilityoftheshareholdersislimitedThecompanyhasseparatelegalexistencefrommanagementt&ownersTheemployeesalsocanbuysharesThecompanycontinuesdespitethedeathofanyshareholdersTheyhavetopaylesscorporationtaxthanplc’sDISADVANTAGESOFPRIVATELIMITEDCOMPANYCapitalislessthanpubliclimitedsincetheycantquotetheirsharesinthestockexchangeTheycantissuesharestogeneralpublicThesharesarenotfreelytransferableDivorceofownershipandcontrolmaycreateconflicts.SettinguprequiresmuchlegalformalitiesFEATURESOFPUBLICLIMITEDCOMPANYCompanymustdisplayplcltdafteritsnameCompanymustberegisteredwiththeregistrarofcompaniesTheyhavetoobtainthecertificateoftradingtosellsharestogeneralpublicSharesarefreelytransferableandtheycanquoteinthestockexchangeShareholdershavelimitedliabilityPUBLICLIMITEDCompanyADVANTAGESOFPUBLICLIMITEDCOMPANYSharescanbeadvertisedandsoldinthestockexchangeSharesarefreelytransferableShareholdershavelimitedliabilityCheaperandeasyborrowingsandbulkbuyingCapitalislargerthanprivatelimitedcompaniesDISADVANTAGESOFPUBLICLIMITEDCOMPANYDecisiontakelongerandtherecanbedisagreementProfitsaresharedamongnumberofpeoplePublishedaccountshavetobepreparedExpensesarehighwhensettingupthecompanyTheymightexperiencedifficultyinmanagementFEATURESOFCO-OPERATIVESOCIETIESThesearevoluntaryassociationsformedbygroupofmembersAnypersonwhoisinterestedcanbecomeamemberOnememberhasonevoteirrespectiveofhisorhersharesProfitsaredistributedamongmembersaccordingtothesharecapitalMembersselectamanagementcommitteetocontrolthebusinessCO-OPERATIVESOCIETIESADVANTAGESOFCO-OPERATIVESOCIETIESTheformationisverysimplecomparedtoothercompaniesLifeoftheco-operativesocietyisnotaffectedbythelifeofitsmembersTheliabilityislimitedMembershipisopentoanybodyGovernmentusuallyprovidesassistancetoco-operativesocietiesDISADVANTAGESOFCO-OPERATIVESOCIETIESTheamountofcapitalislimitedManagementproblemscanariseduetolackoftalentTherecanbedisputesamongmembersTheyusuallydependongovernmentLackofmotivationBusinessOwnershipCo-operatives:Ownership,financeandcontrolinhandsof‘members’Existsforthebenefitof‘members’Consumerco-ops–membersbuygoodsinbulk,selltomembers,divideprofitsbetweenmembersWorkerco-operatives–workersbuythebusinessandrunit–decisionsandprofitssharedbymembersProducerco-operatives–producersorganisedistributionandsaleofproductsthemselvesFEATURESOFPUBLICCORPORATIONThepubliccorporationisownedbygovernmentCorporationaremanagedbyboardofdirectorsappointedbygovernmentTheprimarymotiveofthecorporationispublicserviceratherthanprivateprofits.Itis,however,expectedtooperateinabusiness-likemanner.ItsinitialcapitalareprovidedbygovernmentItcansueanbesuedandcanenterintocontractsinitsownname.PUBLICCORPORATIONADVANTAGESDOFPUBLICCORPORATIONNointerferencefromthegovernmentforthedaytodayrunningItenjoysflexibilityItcan,therefore,maintaincontinuityofpolicyandoperations.Apubliccorporationcanemployprofessionalmanagersbyofferingthembettertermsandconditionsorservicethanthoseavailabletogovernmentservant.Thespeciallawbywhichbywhichitiscreatedcanbetailormadetomeetthespecificneedsoftheparticularsituation.

DISADVANTAGESDOFPUBLICCORPORATIONItisverydifficultandtime-consumingtosetupapubliccorporationbecauseaspeciallawhastobepassedintheParliament.ItisverydifficulttochangetheobjectsandpowersbecausethespeciallawhastobeamendedbytheParliamentortheStatelegislature.TherearefrequentdebatesanddiscussionsonthereportsandworkingofpubliccorporationsEmphasisonservicemotiveandlackofincentivemayfurtherreducetheprofitabilityofoperations.BusinessOwnershipFranchises:Methodofbusinessownershipbackedbyestablished‘brand’nameOwnergetstorunabusinesswithless‘risk’Ownerbuystherighttousetheestablishedcompany’sname,formatproducts,logos,displayunits,methods,etc.SpeedywayforbusinesstoexpandBecomeverypopularOwner–(Franchisee)responsiblefordebts,paysaroyaltytoownersofthebrand,keepsanyremainingprofitFranchisee–paysafeeforthepurchaseofthefranchiseCommonfranchises–BodyShop,McDonalds,CostaCoffee,Subway2Product/Serviceoffered提供的產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)Notablesuccess重大的成功6計(jì)算機(jī)軟件Computers,Software計(jì)算機(jī)硬件Computers,Hardware計(jì)算機(jī)效勞(系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)效勞，維修)ComputerServices通信/電信/網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備Telecom&NetworkEquipment通信/電信運(yùn)營(yíng)、增值效勞TelecomOperators/ServiceProviders互聯(lián)網(wǎng)/電子商務(wù)Internet/E-commerce網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲OnlineGame電子技術(shù)/半導(dǎo)體/集成電路Electronics/Semiconductor/IC儀器儀表/工業(yè)自動(dòng)化Instrument/IndustryAutomation2Product/Serviceoffered提供的產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)Notablesuccess重大的成功6會(huì)計(jì)/審計(jì)Accounting,Auditing金融/投資/證券Finance/Investments/Securities銀行Banking保險(xiǎn)Insurance貿(mào)易/進(jìn)出口Trading/Import&Export批發(fā)/零售Wholesale/Retail快速消費(fèi)品(食品,飲料,化裝品)FMCG(Food,Beverage,Cosmetics)服裝/紡織/皮革Apparel/Textiles/LeatherGoods家具/家電/工藝品/玩具Furniture/HomeAppliances/Arts&Craft/Toys辦公用品及設(shè)備OfficeSupplies&Equipment2Product/Serviceoffered提供的產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)Notablesuccess重大的成功6法律Legal教育/培訓(xùn)Education/Training學(xué)術(shù)/科研Science/Research餐飲業(yè)Restaurant&FoodServices酒店/旅游Hospitality/Tourism娛樂/休閑/體育Entertainment/Leisure/Sports&Fitness美容/保健Beauty/Health生活效勞PersonalCare&Services交通/運(yùn)輸/物流Transportation/Logistic/Distribution航天/航空Aerospace/Aviation/Airlines石油/化工/礦產(chǎn)/地質(zhì)Oils/Chemicals/Mines/Geology采掘業(yè)/冶煉Mining/Metallurgy電力/水利Utilities/Energy原材料和加工RawMaterials&Processing政府Government2Product/Serviceoffered提供的產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)Notablesuccess重大的成功6政府Government非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)Non-Profitorganizations環(huán)保EnvironmentalProtection農(nóng)業(yè)/漁業(yè)/林業(yè)Agriculture/Fishing/Forestry多元化業(yè)務(wù)集團(tuán)公司Conglomerates機(jī)械/設(shè)備/重工Machinery,Equipment,HeavyIndustries汽車及零配件Automobile&Components制藥/生物工程Pharmaceuticals/Biotechnology醫(yī)療/護(hù)理/保健/衛(wèi)生Healthcare/Medicine/PublicHealth醫(yī)療設(shè)備/器械MedicalFacilities/Equipment廣告Advertising公關(guān)/市場(chǎng)推廣/會(huì)展PublicRelations/Marketing/Exhibitions影視/媒體/藝術(shù)Films/Media/Arts文字媒體/出版PrintMedia/Publishing印刷/包裝/造紙Printing/Packaging/Paper房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)RealEstateDevelopment建筑與工程ArchitecturalServices/Construction家居/室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/裝潢InteriorDesign/Decoration物業(yè)管理/商業(yè)中心PropertyManagement中介效勞Agency專業(yè)效勞(咨詢，人力資源)ProfessionalServices(Consulting,HumanResources,etc.)檢測(cè)，認(rèn)證Testing,Certification其他行業(yè)OthersGotideaforbusinessin…(when)從……得到生意靈感〔何時(shí)〕3＝frequently/often常常、經(jīng)常(75%的頻率)3Expanded(whereto/when)擴(kuò)張〔向何處/何時(shí)〕Firstbusinessactivity(when/where)第一次商業(yè)活動(dòng)〔何時(shí)/何地〕45Notablesuccess重大的成功6Notablesuccess重大的成功Keydates/achievements關(guān)鍵日期/成就Numberofemployees雇用的員工數(shù)9678Currentpersonalworth目前個(gè)人價(jià)值Currentvalueofcompany目前公司價(jià)值1011Currentoperations目前的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況Workinpairs,givingashortpresentationtoeachotheraboutyourcompany.Companyperformance3.2 BusinessSkills3.2 BusinessSkills：CompanyPerformanceVocabularyWriting

Listening

Whatcompaniesdo

CompanystructurePressreleaseVocabulary

Production,salesandsharepricesReading

AnagencybuiltonproactiveprocessesWhatcompaniesdoVOCABULARYline〔貨物的〕種，類如：Thisdressisoneofourlatestlines.Thedepartmentstoreissellinganewlineofwintercoats.KeyPointsoccasion作名詞，意思是“特殊的事件或儀式，特殊場(chǎng)合，盛會(huì)”如：Hisbirthdaywasabigoccasion.Ionlywearatieonspecialoccasions.KeyPointsupto

多達(dá)；直到……如：Uptotenpeoplecansleepinthetent.Everyonehashisparttoplay,fromtheofficeboyuptothePresident.KeyPointsdeal作名詞，意思是“協(xié)議；交易”如：ItwasprobablythebestbusinessdealIeverdid.Thecarfactoryhasdone

adealwithaJapanesefirm.KeyPointsguarantee作動(dòng)詞，意思是“確保，保證，擔(dān)保”如：Wealthdoesnotguaranteehappinessinlove.Themanufacturersguaranteethewatchforthreeyears.KeyPointsinconjunctionwith與……共同〔或協(xié)力〕；連同如：Thearmyisactinginconjunctionwiththepoliceinthehuntfortheterrorists.Wecanworkseparatelyorinconjunction.KeyPointssatisfaction作名詞，意思是“滿意；滿意；愉快；令人愉快的事情”如：Weneedjobsandjobsatisfaction.KeyPointsPressreleaseWRITING新聞稿的謀篇方式多采用“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，寫作時(shí)應(yīng)將最重要的新聞事實(shí)置于第一句，通常稱“導(dǎo)語”〔thelead〕。導(dǎo)語之后各段按新聞事實(shí)重要性遞減的順序排列。導(dǎo)語的寫作是新聞稿成敗的關(guān)鍵，既要高度濃縮新聞的主要要素〔Who?What?When?Where?andWhy?〕，又要省時(shí)易懂、開門見山、抓住讀者。新聞稿的“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)BackgroundInformationHaveatry!試試看，找出練習(xí)3中兩篇新聞稿的導(dǎo)語KeyAthensDailyMenuannouncesanewlineinvegetarianandorganicmenus,toaddtoitsextensivehigh-qualityproductrange.SISSOispleasedtoannouncethesigningofamajornewdealwithaJapanesecarmanufacturer.說說以上兩句導(dǎo)語涵蓋了新聞的哪些要素Who:AthensDaily/MenuSISSOWhat:anewlineinvegetarianandorganicmenus/thesigningofamajornewdealwithaJapanesecarmanufacturerWhy:toaddtoitsextensivehigh-qualityproductrange說說以上兩句導(dǎo)語的語言特點(diǎn)〔1〕開宗明義，開門見山：AthensDailyMenuannounces…SISSOispleasedtoannounce…〔2〕多使用S－V－O結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞結(jié)構(gòu)：SISSOispleasedtoannouncethesigning主語謂語賓語ofamajornewdeal介詞結(jié)構(gòu)withaJapanesecarmanufacturer.介詞結(jié)構(gòu)〔3〕較多使用動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合詞、短小詞：如：announce〔而不是makeanannouncement〕line〔而不是atypeofproduct〕addto〔而不是inadditionto〕high-qualityproductrange〔而不是productrangewhichisofhighquality〕Tip在提供的信息中，companyname〔公司名〕、products/services〔產(chǎn)品〕、customers〔客戶群體〕都是人們已經(jīng)了解的事實(shí)，構(gòu)不成新聞。只有anewCEOisjoiningthecompany,ambitiousexpansionplansintonewEUmarkets〔新的執(zhí)行總裁將入主公司，開拓東歐新市場(chǎng)的宏偉方案〕是公司新聞，因此該新聞稿應(yīng)從該信息入手，構(gòu)思導(dǎo)語。CompanystructureLISTENING執(zhí)行總裁（）

研發(fā)部()

市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷/銷售部()

產(chǎn)業(yè)部()

行政/財(cái)務(wù)部()

項(xiàng)目科()

產(chǎn)品種類科()

業(yè)務(wù)拓展科()

合同/采購科()

質(zhì)量保障部()

執(zhí)行總裁（ChiefExecutiveOfficer）

研發(fā)部(R&D)

市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷/銷售部(Marketing&Sales)

產(chǎn)業(yè)部(Industrial

Department)

行政/財(cái)務(wù)部(Administration&Finance)

項(xiàng)目科(ProjectDepartment)

產(chǎn)品種類科(ProductLines)

業(yè)務(wù)拓展科(BusinessDepartment)

合同/采購科(Contracts&Purchasing)

質(zhì)量保障部(QualityAssurance)

KeyProduction,salesandsharepricesVOCABULARYHaveatry!試試看，寫下表達(dá)增長(zhǎng)或下降程度的表達(dá)法。1.torisemoderately2.tofallslightly3.togoupsteadily4.todropgradually5.toincreasesharply/dramatically6.todecreasebadly/steeplyKEY表達(dá)增長(zhǎng)或下降的程度Workinpairsanddescribethegraphs.AnagencybuiltonproactiveprocessesREADINGposition作名詞，意思是“地位，身份；名次”如：Withitsstrongbrand,thecompanymaintaineditsmarketleadershippositionwitha55percentmarketshare.KeyPointscommitment作名詞，意思是“承諾；承擔(dān)的義務(wù)”如：Asmembersofthealliance,wemusthonourourcommitments.Theywereallowedflexiblehourstomeetfamilycommitments.KeyPointscommit，動(dòng)詞形式,意思是“作出承諾；使〔尤指自己〕承擔(dān)義務(wù)”如：Thegovernmenthascommittedconsiderableresourcestoimprovinghealtheducation.形容詞形式為committed，意思是“做出明確承諾的”如：Thegovernmentiscommittedtoimprovingtherailsystem.KeyPointsdedicated作形容詞，意思是“忠誠(chéng)的，熱忱的，一心一意的”常用于短語bededicatedto，與bedevotedto是同義表達(dá)，其中to是介詞

。如：Heisdedicatedtohiswork.他對(duì)工作盡職盡責(zé)

。KeyPointsaccess作名詞，意思是“接近〔進(jìn)入〕的時(shí)機(jī)；接近〔進(jìn)入〕的權(quán)利”常與介詞“to”搭配使用

。如：HehasregularaccesstothePresident.他經(jīng)常能見到主席。Studentshavefreeaccesstothelibrary’sbooks.KeyPointsbudget

作名詞，意思是“預(yù)算”如：Thenewroadwascompletedwellwithin/belowbudget.Itisimportanttobalanceone’sbudget.

KeyPointssolid作形容詞，意思是“實(shí)在的，鞏固的”如：Thisreportyou’vewrittenisaverysolidpieceofwork.Therearesolidreasonsforbelievingthatthisispossible.

KeyPointsUsetheinformationaboutthecompanyyouinventedonpage29towritethefirstsectionofyourcompanybrochure.FollowtheformatofthespiderWebbrochure.BECPreliminaryExam3.3 ExamSpotlight3.3ExamSpotlightListeningtestListeningtest:Partone聽力測(cè)試為時(shí)30分鐘，每一段獨(dú)白或?qū)υ?，你都將聽兩遍?？偡?0分。測(cè)試兩種聽力技能：?聽大意——文章的總體意思?聽具體信息——通常數(shù)字〔日期、時(shí)間、百分比、價(jià)格等〕或拼寫聽完錄音之后，你有10分鐘將答案抄寫到答題紙上。ExamFormat—ListeningTips聽力答題紙答題要求用鉛筆〔B或HB〕用橡皮擦擦凈想涂改的答案第一和第四大題：把正確的答案框涂黑。第二和第三大題：用大寫字母清楚地寫下答案，每格寫