====英語四級寫作=====

大學(xué)英語四級寫作備考講座WritingforCET4Contents1、四級評分原那么和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(PrinciplesandStandards)2、常見錯誤(Mistakes)3、應(yīng)對策略(Strategies)評分原那么1、檢查考生是否到達(dá)大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級教學(xué)要求。2、采用總體評分〔GlobalScoring)方法閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分〔rewardscores),而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。3、從內(nèi)容和語言兩方面對作文進(jìn)行綜合判斷。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。評分要考慮文章是否切題，是否清楚而適宜地表達(dá)思想，語言錯誤是否造成理解障礙。Otherfactsworthmentioning〔Onlyabout2minutesforeachcomposition〕改卷老師重點看這三個地方：1.改卷老師根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定分?jǐn)?shù)段〔書寫要工整干凈，要寫出清楚的三段式。一段最多4-5分，2段最多6-7分?！魑牡目蚣芎蜁鴮懯亲尷蠋熃o你一個不錯分?jǐn)?shù)段的關(guān)鍵之關(guān)鍵。2.主題句是否突出。在每個段落開頭〔或結(jié)尾〕有沒有清楚地給出主題句。3.全文掃讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)"刺眼"和"亮眼”的內(nèi)容。評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣例1、總分值15分2、閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分3、檔次評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2分，5分，8分，11分，14分樣例英語四級作文題目：ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?1.有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇

2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書

3.我的看法

2分—一塌糊涂條理不清，思想紊亂，語言支離破碎或大局部句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。

5分—糊里糊涂根本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。

8分—馬馬虎虎根本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。

11分—清清楚楚切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤

14分—漂漂亮亮切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，根本上無語言錯誤。ExampleFreeAdmissiontoMuseums?越來越多的博物館現(xiàn)在免費向公眾開放,目的是……有人認(rèn)為這樣做會帶來一些問題在我看來……MoretoCome~~~Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeople’sinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.

However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycan’tmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscan’tavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.

Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.高分作文特點:1：長短句交替出現(xiàn)；2、適當(dāng)使用插入語；3、用詞是否多樣，準(zhǔn)確，形象，盡量使用能夠吸引閱卷老師眼球的閃光詞；4、關(guān)鍵詞是否換用，切勿老用重復(fù)詞；

5、句型使用準(zhǔn)確、地道。常見錯誤1、篇章：引子過長，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)：缺乏根本的句子意識，只有詞匯的堆砌3、詞匯：拼寫、動詞時態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞副詞比較級別、固定搭配、詞匯的選擇等方面錯誤3.1.用詞搭配不恰當(dāng)However,thespeedofacarismuchfasterthanthatofabicycle.However,thespeedofacarismuchhigherthanthatofabicycle.Inthepastthepriceofmilkwassoexpensivethatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.Inthepastthepriceofmilkwassohighthatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.Nowadays,thetrafficinbigcityisgettingmoreandmorecrowded.Nowadays,thetrafficinbigcityisgettingheavierandheavier.3.2人稱不一致Somepeoplethinkwecanrealizeourdreamsifwestudyathome.Youcanfindmanygooduniversitiesandprofessorsinourowncountry.Studyhardnowsothatwecancopewiththechangeandchallengeofthetwenty-firstcentury.Studyhardnowsothatyoucancopewiththechangeandchallengeofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Wecanfindmany…inour

owncountry..3.3詞性誤用Thistermwe’llverybusy.Thistermwe’llbeverybusy.Thecavelikearoomverymuch.Thecavelookedverymuchlikearoom.1)Theyshouldn’tagainstthemixmarriage

2)Wecanthroughuseittosearchmessagewhatweneed.3)Studyabroadisagoodchoose.4)Itcanhelpyousuccessful5)Iverylikedthem.6)Itdidn’tinterestingtome.7)MyEnglishbecamewell.8)anewteacherinsteadofhim9)Theeconomicdevelopveryfast.

Shouldn’tbeagainstThroughit,wecansearch…Studying…choice…h(huán)elpyousucceed.Ilikedthemverymuch.good…tookplaceofhim.Theeconomydevelopsveryfast.Itdidn’tinterestme..3.4.主謂不一致Oneseriousproblemhumanbeingsarefacedwitharehowtouseournaturalresourceseconomically.Oneseriousproblemhumanbeingsarefacedwithishowtouseournaturalresourceseconomically.Nowfruitandvegetablescanbeseeneverywherewhenitisinseason.Nowfruitandvegetablescanbeseeneverywherewhentheyareinseason.3.5不完整句Ineverworryingmuchabout…2)Notonlystudyhardbutalsotrainourability.3)Firstofalltotakeintoaccounttheconditionsofyourfamily.Iftheburdenathomedon’tstudyabroad.

2)Notonlycanwestudyhard,butstudyingabroadalsotrainourability.

3)Firstofall,weshouldtakeintoaccounttheconditionsofyourfamily.Iftheburdenisheavy,wedonotstudyabroad.1)Ineverworriedmuchabout….3.6.多謂語并存Takedrugsdoesharmtoourhealth.Takingdrugsdoesharmtoourhealth.Therearesomeculturesexistindifferentforms.Therearesomeculturesexisting(whichexist)indifferentforms..3.7

主謂不一致Oneseriousproblemhumanbeingsarefacedwitharehowtouseournaturalresourceseconomically.Oneseriousproblemhumanbeingsarefacedwithishowtouseournaturalresourceseconomically.Nowfruitandvegetablescanbeseeneverywherewhenitisinseason.Nowfruitandvegetablescanbeseeneverywherewhentheyareinseason..3.6懸垂修飾語Whilereadingthepaperlastnight,anarticleonsolarenergyattractedmyattention.Whilereadingthepaper,Ibecameinterestedinanarticleonsolarenergy.Todowellincollege，goodgradesareessential.Todowellincollege，astudentneedsgoodgrades..3.7表達(dá)累贅I(yè)nmyopinion,Ibelievethefreemedicalsystemusunneedofreform.Inmyopinion,thefreemedicalsystemusunneedofreform.應(yīng)對策略1、篇章：開門見山，直奔主題〔緊扣所給提綱寫出主題句〕。使用適宜的方法展開主題句〔常用方法如：列舉，因果，舉例等〕2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)：適當(dāng)使用從句、倒裝句、非謂語動詞、插入語，從而使文章句子結(jié)構(gòu)富于變化。3、詞匯：盡量使用與主題相關(guān)的一些重要詞匯，避開用得過于泛濫的詞匯。1.遣詞：〔1〕詞匯等級所謂詞匯的等級就是，我們在寫作的過程中，如果想出一個根本詞匯來之后，能夠在這個根本詞匯的根底上把它在提升一下，也就是我們一般寫作所提倡的用“難詞”。比方，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“important”這個單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant,vital,main,crucial,momentous…〔2〕詞匯準(zhǔn)確性并不是詞匯等級越高越好，必須還要考慮到適合于不同的語境?！?〕句式除了采用詞組，要使文章更具地道英語的味道，我們還需要變換句式。沒有受過正規(guī)作文訓(xùn)練的考生，通常采用的句式多為主謂賓、主系表。于是我們看到大多數(shù)的文章充滿著這樣的形式：Iamagoodboy,andIamastudent.IstudyinShandongUniversity,andIhavethreeyearsexperienceinQiluHotel.這樣流水帳式的文章顯然不能得到高分。寫作中閱卷人喜歡的句式有以下兩種：一是插入語；二是倒裝。第一，插入語。所謂插入語，英語中有兩種形式。一種是有兩個逗號之間引起的成分稱之為插入語；第二種是有兩個半破折號引起的成分稱之為插入語。如下所示〔黑體劃線處〕：

Jinan,theSpringCity,isafamoustouristcity.插入語的作用主要有兩個，一個是突出主語，比方說：He,whowouldliketoplaybasketball,isagoodstudent.第二個作用是解釋說明，比方說：People,especiallystudents,shouldworkhard.〔3〕倒裝

倒裝可以起到強調(diào)作用。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：

Only+時間狀語

Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.

Only+介詞詞組

Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements.Onlyinthiswaycanwemasterthewritingskillsstepbysteps.

〔4〕修辭無論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。常用修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。拿“重要的”來舉例。

Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlinessvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycleisliketheair,water,andsunshineandcannotbepartedwithamomentinourlife.

那么很明顯，最后一個句子是我們最終拿到考場上去搏擊高分的句子。

▲謀篇布局

“段”結(jié)構(gòu)1篇文章一般分幾段?

3paragraphs

3段怎么來的?

3段對應(yīng)文章的3點提綱→1點提綱寫1段2點提綱→2段+1段“句”結(jié)構(gòu)

一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英文段落的結(jié)構(gòu):

1個主題句+N個拓展句+1個結(jié)尾句(可有可無)什么叫主題句?

什么叫拓展句?●Inbrief,anythingyoucouldnamewouldbeofferedthere.●ThereputationofeatinginGuangdongiswell-deserved.●Thereareagreatvarietyofnoodles,dumplingsandseafood.主題句(topicsentence),提出主題及中心思想的句子;拓展句(developingsentence)

緊隨主題句,是對主題句的延伸

(解釋說明explanation;舉例example;)

主題句是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的第1步1)

1段只有1個主題句因為1段只能有1個中心思想,中心思想由主題句表達(dá).2)主題句放在每段第1句下來所有句子(拓展句)緊隨其后,對它進(jìn)行延伸而接下來所有句子(拓展句)都是圍繞這個主題句展開;任何游離于中心思想之外的句子會使文章雜亂.●MyfavoriateTVprogramis“IfYouAreTheOne”●IenjoythedatingshowbecauseIcanseepeople’sopenattitudetowardsloveandmarriage

Q:既然主題句那么重要,如何寫?

寫作步驟(1):寫出每段的主題句直接把所給出的中文提綱翻譯成英文(改寫),

放在每段的第1句(主題句)

2010年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為Thesedays，

alargenumberof

(不要alotof)studentsfailto

(比donot更好)paydueattentiontospellinginEnglishlearning.

Severalfactorsmayaccountforsuchphenomenon.Inthefirstplace…(不要first,firstly)Thereasonsaccountingforthisphenomenonarevaried.Foronething,…Toreversethetrend,jointeffortsareneeded.Toalter(change)thissituation,

someeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.2008年12月英語四級作文LimitingtheUseofDisposableplasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛的使用2.造成的問題3.限制使用塑料袋的意義Disposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyused.However,disposableplasticbagshavebroughtahugearrayofproblems.Therefore,itreallymakessenseto

limittheuseofdisposableplasticbags.

(…itismeaningful/significanttolimit…)2011年6月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)成為一種時尚2.網(wǎng)上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題3.我的建議▲善用Connectors〔連接詞、過渡詞〕注意句與句直接的邏輯聯(lián)系Connectors:1.表示概括與總結(jié)：inshort,inotherwords,inaword,inbrief,insummary,inall,inconclusion,tosumup,atlast,finally,eventually,generallyspeaking……2.表示結(jié)果：asaresult,itturnsout,consequently,so,thus,therefore,accordingly,otherwise……3.

表示讓步：still,yet,clearly,afterall,though,although,asnevertheless,despite,indespiteof,eventhough……4.表示比較與對照：similarly,equallyimportant,likewise,as,inthesameway,incontrast,onthecontrary,unlikewhereas,while,ontheotherhand,insteadof,totheopposite,otherwise,not…as…as…,ratherthan,thesameas……5.表示補充：also,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,what’smore,then,besides,atthesametime6.

表示舉例說明：suchas,forexample,forinstance……7.

表示先后順序的信號詞：before,after,next,then,firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,last,afterwards,lateron,meanwhile,meantime,immediately,atonce,during

8.

表示限定與轉(zhuǎn)折：but,while,however,although,though,yet,exceptfor……

9.

表示強調(diào)：aboveall,mostimportant,indeed,certainly,surely,first,firstofall,notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…

10.

表示說明與解釋：because,as,since,for,nowthat,becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto,inthiscase,that’stosay,infact,forthisreason,asaresult,thus,therefore,so/such…that…,soasto/that,inorderto/that…英語四六級作文八種常用句型一.原因

1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude...4.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...5.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat...6.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is...7.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…8.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat二.比較

1.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.4.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.5.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.6.AandBdifferinseveralways.7.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.8.Peopleusedtothink...,butthingsaredifferentnow.三.批駁1)Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.2)Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.3)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...4)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.5)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...6)Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...7)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...8)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...四.后果1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat...五.舉例1)Agoodcaseinpointis...2)Asanillustration,