Unit+2+Exploring+English+Using+language+構(gòu)詞法 高中英語外研版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit

2

ExploringEnglishWordformation構(gòu)詞法ReviewthepassageNeitherPinenorAppleinPineappleLead-inMatch搭配thewordstothetypes種類ofwordformation構(gòu)詞法.a.Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b.…sculptasculpture…c.Whenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d.WHO□1abbreviating縮寫□2changing改變thepartofspeech詞性□3adding添加aprefix前綴orsuffix后綴□4combining結(jié)合twoormore更多的words單詞dcbaNowlookfor尋找moreexamples例子ofeachtypeinthereadingpassage.1.abbreviating:2.changingthepartofspeech:3.addingaprefixorsuffix:4.combiningtwoormorewords:IT,USwhenwe…see…snow,wecansay…“it’ssnowing”.paint-painting,hard-hardly,soft-softly,harm-harmless/harmful,shame-shameless/shameful,visible-invisiblehamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework

一種語言的詞匯絕不能看作是無生命的、完全的整體。詞匯是會(huì)通過其構(gòu)詞能力不斷地生成和再生成的。構(gòu)詞法（根據(jù)一定的規(guī)律構(gòu)成新單詞的方法）Compounding（合成）Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化）Derivation（派生）Abbreviation（縮略）1.

合成法(compounding)：把兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)新詞，可用連字符連接，也可直接寫一起，或者由分開的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成。合成詞一般包括：合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成動(dòng)詞等。構(gòu)詞法(Wordformation)

1)

合成名詞名詞+名詞：postman郵遞員,notebook筆記本形容詞+名詞：blackboard黑板,supermarket超市名詞+動(dòng)詞：sunrise日出,haircut理發(fā)，發(fā)型動(dòng)詞-ing形式+名詞：readingroom閱覽室,washingmachine洗衣機(jī)名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing形式：handwriting書寫,papermaking剪紙動(dòng)詞+名詞：pickpocket扒手,workroom工作室動(dòng)詞+副詞：breakup分裂，瓦解其它形式：get-together聚會(huì),go-between媒人,passer-by路人2)

合成形容詞形容詞+名詞+ed:warm-hearted熱心的形容詞+v.-ing:good-looking好看的

副詞+v.-ing:hard-working努力工作的

名詞+v.-ing:English-speaking說英語的名詞+v.-ed:man-made人造的

副詞+v.-ed:well-known著名的形容詞+名詞:mid-east中東的,round-trip往返的3)

合成代詞代詞賓格/物主代詞+self/selves：herself,ourselves某些不定代詞some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4)

合成介詞介詞+副詞：within在..之內(nèi)副詞+名詞：outside在外面5)

合成副詞副詞+名詞：indoors在室內(nèi),upstairs在樓上介詞+名詞：alongside在旁邊,beforehand事先，提前名詞+形容詞：sky-high極高地，高昂地副詞+介詞：nearby在附近其它形式：meanwhile同時(shí),headfirst頭向前地6)

合成動(dòng)詞副詞+動(dòng)詞：overhear無意聽到,overwork加班,名詞+動(dòng)詞：sunbathe曬太陽形容詞+動(dòng)詞：whitewash掩飾，粉刷,safeguard保護(hù)FindtheCompoundingwordsinthereadingmaterialandgivethemeanings.Whilewe’redoingallthistravelling,wecangetseasickatsea,airsickintheairandcarsickinacar,butwedon’tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.Andspeakingofhome,whyaren’thomeworkandhouseworkthesamething?seasick（暈船）;airsick（暈機(jī)）;carsick（暈車）;homesick（想家）;homework（家庭作業(yè)）;housework（家務(wù)事）【即學(xué)即練】2.派生法(Derivation)：在一個(gè)詞根之前或之后加上一個(gè)詞綴，構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫派生法。單詞前加前綴，一般不改變?cè)~性，只引起意義上的變化。單詞后加后綴，一般意義變化不大，只改變了詞性。如：(dis)agree,agree(ment),（dis）agree(ment)。常見前綴含義/功能例詞in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-,dis-表否定incorrect不正確的,illegal違法的,impolite不禮貌的,irrelative不相關(guān)的,unnecessary不必要的,non-smoking不吸煙的,dislike不喜歡mis-錯(cuò)誤地mislead誤導(dǎo),misunderstand誤解,misadventure不幸遭遇pre-在……之前preschool學(xué)前,preview預(yù)習(xí)re-再，重新retell復(fù)述,rewrite重寫,review復(fù)習(xí)inter-相互international國際的,interconnect相互聯(lián)系常見前綴含義/功能例詞a-（形容詞前綴）...的asleep睡著的,alive活著的en-（動(dòng)詞前綴）使...enrich豐富,enlarge擴(kuò)大tele-遠(yuǎn)程的television,telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡auto-自動(dòng)automation自動(dòng)化co-共同cooperate合作,co-worker同事multi-多multicultural多元文化的,multilingual多語言的kilo-千kilogram千克,kilometer千米常見名詞后綴含義/功能例詞-er，-or表具有...特征之人或用于……之物teenager,cooker,

actor-ment表結(jié)果、狀態(tài)replacement替換,

disappointment沮喪,arrangement安排,argument爭(zhēng)論-ion表狀態(tài)、行為examination,condition狀況,reflection反映，action-hood表身份、性質(zhì)、時(shí)期parenthood為人父母,brotherhood手足情誼,childhood童年-ist表主義者、從事某種職業(yè)panist,socialist社會(huì)主義者-ship表性質(zhì)、關(guān)系ownership所有權(quán),friendship常見副詞后綴含義/功能例詞-ly表示方式carefully認(rèn)真地,quickly快速地-ward（s）向...towars朝著，forward向前常見動(dòng)詞后綴含義/功能例詞-ise/-fy/-en使......realise實(shí)現(xiàn),beautify美化widen加寬常見形容詞后綴含義/功能例詞-ed感到...interested,confused困惑的-ful/ive/ous/al表有……性質(zhì)的，充滿……的useful有用的,painful痛苦的,positivie積極的anxious焦慮的cultural文化的-less表示無、沒有careless粗心的,useless無用的-able表示可……的，有……性質(zhì)的knowledgeable知識(shí)淵博的,comfortable舒適的①Theyalsosharedwithusmany__________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.②Wearesoproudofher.It's____________(wonder).③Allthefootball_________(play)ontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.

NMET2019traditionalhugelywonderfulplayers1.按所給詞的正確形式填空

rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______job(否定形容詞)_________visit(名詞)__________access(形容詞)________eight(八十)________true(名詞)___________kind(名詞)_______China(形容詞)________2.按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopeful/hopelessvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinese3.

轉(zhuǎn)化法(Conversion)：有些名詞可作動(dòng)詞，有些形容詞可作動(dòng)詞、名詞或副詞。這種保持詞形不變，但改變?cè)~性的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞有些詞在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中詞義變化不大，如attempt試圖,laugh大笑。有些動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞時(shí)意義有一定的變化，如：wind(v.上發(fā)條→n.風(fēng)）tear（v.

撕開→

n.

淚水），record（v.

記載，錄制→

n.

記錄）。2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞face

n.

臉→

v.

面對(duì)nurse

n.

護(hù)士→

v.

護(hù)理water

n.

水→

v.

澆水e.g.Shegavemeaglassofwater.她給了我一杯水。

Youshouldwatertheflowerstwiceaweek.你應(yīng)該每周給這些花澆兩次水。3)

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞、名詞或副詞narrow

adj.

窄的→

v.

使……變窄red

adj.

紅色的→

n.

紅色fast

adj.

快的→

adv.

迅速地e.g.Thestairswereverynarrow.樓梯非常狹窄。Henarrowedhiseyesandgazedatthehorizon.他瞇起眼睛凝望著地平線。Wepaintedthedoorbrightred.我們把門漆成鮮紅色。Ilikethewaytheartistusesredinthispainting.我喜歡畫家在這幅作品中對(duì)紅色的運(yùn)用。。請(qǐng)大家判斷詞性轉(zhuǎn)化類型,然后翻譯句子(1)Letmehaveatry.(2)Youcould

shoulder

thetask.(3)Youshouldtryyourbesttobetteryourperformance.(4)Theyare

discussing

the

content

ofthe

story.v.-n.讓我來試一試。n.-v.你可以承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。adj.-v.你應(yīng)該盡最大努力讓自己有更好的表現(xiàn)。adj.-n.他們正在討論這個(gè)故事的內(nèi)容?！炯磳W(xué)即練】4.

縮略法(Abbreviation)：用單詞或短語的部分內(nèi)容指代整體。

1)首字母縮寫

VeryImportantPersonVIPChiefExecutiveOfficerCEOChinaCentralTelevisionCCTVWorldTradeOrganizationWTOVirtualRealityVRPhotoshopPS圖像處理2)單詞截短(Clipping)（截頭，去尾，截頭又去尾）

telephone–phone

advertisement–ad廣告influenza--flu流感Dividethefollowingwordsaccordingdifferentwordformation.Abbreviation:_____________________________________________USADJPMwatermelonschoolworkUSAsunshinetoothacheimpossiblebookstorenationalmooncakeDJrestroomchopstickimpolitetextbookwarmthbathroomdisagreePMbutterflysnowmanCompounding:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Derivation:_________________________________________________watermelonschoolworksunshinetoothachebookstoremooncakerestroomchopsticktextbookBathroombutterflysnowmanimpossiblenationalimpolitewarmthdisagreewatermelonschoolworkUSAsunshinetoothacheimpossiblebookstorenationalmooncakeDJrestroomchopstickimpolitetextbookwarmthbathroomdisagreePMbutterflysnowmanComplete完成thepassagewiththehelpof在...的幫助下

wordformationandgetthemainideaofeachparagraph.Whenyouopenadictionary字典,youoftencomeacross遇到alotofunfamiliar不熟悉的words.Youmightthinkthisisabitscary有點(diǎn)可怕.Butmanyofthemareformed形成

usingothersimplerwords.Thisiscalledwordformation.Whatiscalledwordformation.Wordsformedbycombining結(jié)合otherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,__________(afriendthatyoucontact聯(lián)系bywriting,traditionally傳統(tǒng)上usingapen)and____________(knownbymanypeople).penfriendwell-knownWhatarecalledcompoundsandsomeexamples.Prefixes前綴andsuffixes后綴

oftenhavefixed固定的meanings.Ifyouadd添加

un-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeansopposite相反的.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s_________,andifsomeoneisn’thappythey’re_________.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns名詞.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimproved提高alot,theyhavemadegreat_____________