中考英語閱讀理解提分要義-選擇型閱讀

（1）選擇型閱讀—中考英語閱讀理解提分要義提分要點細節(jié)理解題語義轉(zhuǎn)換題——跳讀查找法此題型通?？疾閷δ尘湓捇蚰硯拙湓挼睦斫猓筛鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)句子進行比較和分析，最后確定最佳答案。運用跳讀查找法時，要注意試題及其選項與原文之間的語義變換，如同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。生活應(yīng)用題——常識理解法此題型要求學(xué)生在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合一定的生活常識進行判斷。但有些時候，一些常識性判斷題，甚至只看題干便可選出最佳答案。細節(jié)排序題——首尾定位法此題型要求學(xué)生根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。解題時可以先找出第一個動作和最后一個動作，縮小范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。尋找信息題——題干定位法此題型一般為功能閱讀題，主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表、購物就餐等。做題時沒有必要閱讀全文，要根據(jù)題干要求，直接從短文中找相關(guān)信息。主旨大意題主旨大意型常見題干：What'sthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?What'sthetopicofthearticle?Whichsubjectisdiscussedinthepassage?做此類主旨題時注意分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找文章的中心句和每段的主題句，一般出現(xiàn)在首段或末段，每段的主題句一般是首句或末句。最后在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)作者的意圖歸納出文章中心。最佳標題型常見題干：What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?Thebesttitleofthepassageis______?標題是文章主題的高度概括，做這類題時應(yīng)全面把握文章的中心大意，避免犯以偏概全的錯誤；標題應(yīng)具有概括性、全面性和簡潔性，若選項內(nèi)容過寬或過窄，均有偏頗，應(yīng)當排除；標題一般以短語的形式出現(xiàn)，其中的詞常為文中多次出現(xiàn)的單詞或詞組，因此還可通過文中的高頻詞匯來推斷標題。詞義猜測題根據(jù)定義猜測。定義的形式通常為：用一個句子或段落給生詞定義；使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內(nèi)容和引號、括號中的內(nèi)容對生詞加以解釋或定義。根據(jù)舉例猜測。恰當?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測詞義的重要線索。如：suchas，like，especially，forexample等是猜測詞義的標志詞。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測。根據(jù)語境，由原因演繹出結(jié)果，由結(jié)果推斷出原因，從而推斷出生詞的意義。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測。可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個新的單詞，而前綴和后綴是猜測英語單詞的重要依據(jù)。根據(jù)詞性變化猜測。部分單詞可通過改變詞性引申出新的含義。推理判斷題推理判斷題常見題干有：Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat...Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethat...Thewriteragreesthat...首先，在閱讀時，要抓住文章的主題和細節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘深層含義。進行推理時，仔細閱讀短文，不可脫離原文而僅憑個人的看法主觀臆斷。其次，對于隱含在文章中的人物行為動機、事件因果關(guān)系以及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，從而抓住材料實質(zhì)性的東西。最后，解答時，應(yīng)清楚所要答的問題是針對某個細節(jié)進行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進行推斷。分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點與例證、原因與結(jié)果、主觀點與次觀點等。提分訓(xùn)練一、Ayoungmanwithexcellentgradeswantedtogetajobinabigcompany.Hemetthemanagerfortheinterview.Themanagerasked,"Whopaidforyoureducation?""Myparents,"theyoungmanreplied."Wheredotheywork?""Theyworkasclothescleaners."Then,themanageraskedtheyoungmantoshowhishands.Hefoundtheyoungman'shandsweresosmooth,andasked,"Haveyoueverhelpedyourparentswashtheclothes?""Never.""Nowgohomeandcleanyourparents'hands,thenseemetomorrowmorning."Theyoungmanfeltupset.Whenhegothome,heaskedhisparentstolethimcleantheirhands.Theyfeltstrangebuthappy.Whiletheyoungmanwascleaningtheirhands,hefoundhisparents'handsweresowrinkled(起皺的),andthereweresomanybruises(瘀傷)intheirhands.Histearsfell.Aftercleaninghisparents'hands,hequietlywashedalltherestofclothes.Thenextmorning,hewenttothemanager'soffice.Themanageraskedhim,"Canyoutellmewhatyoudidandlearnedyesterdayinyourhouse?"Hetoldthemanagerallhedidwithtearsinhiseyesandadded,"NowIknowwhatappreciation(感激)is.Withoutmyparents,IwouldnotbewhoIamtoday...Byhelpingmyparents,Irealizehowmuchthey'vedoneforme.AndIalsorealizetheimportanceandvalueofhelpingone'sfamily."Themanagersmiledandsaid,"ThisiswhatI'mlookingfor."1.Whydidtheyoungmanmeetthemanager?A.Becausethemanagerwashisfriend. B.Becausethemanagerneededhishelp.C.Becausehewantedtofindajob. D.Becausehewantedtoaskforinformation.2.Whatdidtheyoungman'sparentsdo?A.Streetcleaners. B.Clothescleaners. C.Factoryworkers. D.Farmworkers.3.Whatdidthemanagerasktheyoungmantodoaftergoinghome?A.Towashtheclothes. B.Totalkwithhisparents.C.Tocleanthehouse. D.Tocleanhisparents'hands.4.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthelastparagraph?A.Theyoungmangotthejob.B.Theyoungmanfailedtheinterview.C.Themanagerlaughedattheyoungman.D.Themanagerwasangrywiththeyoungman.5.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Weshouldfacedifficultiesbravely. B.Weshouldlearntobethankful.C.Excellentgradesarethemostimportant. D.It'shardtogetajobinabigcompany.二、ABiteofChinahasbecomeahottopicofdiscussionontheInternetinChinasinceitappearedonChinaCentralTelevision.ThisTVprogramisadocumentaryabouttraditionalChinesefood.TheprogramhasmorethanonehundredmillionChineseaudiences(觀眾).Mostofthemseenotonlythecommonfoodbutalsothechangesinourlivestoday.AndtheaudiencesalsohavechancestoseehowhardthecooksandfarmershavetoworktomakesuchwonderfulChinesefood.ItshowsthetasteofChinesethroughdifferentways.Itisclosetothenature,nearourlife,includingcustoms(風(fēng)俗),weather,geography,historyandourspirits.ThedirectorofABiteofChinaisChenXiaoqing.Hestartedtakingdocumentariesin1991."Thememoryoftasteisthedeepest.ManypeopleinChinahavesuccessintheirlivesbuttheyhavetobefarawayfromtheirhomes.Buttheystillhaveastomachoftheirhometowns.Thisiswhymanypeopleenjoytheprogram,"Chensaid."Wewanttoshowarealoriginalecology(原生態(tài))China.ABiteofChinatalksaboutfood,butittalksmorethanfood."ABiteofChinatellsusfromthestartofculturetothehighlevelofthespirit,theinfluence(影響)oftheplacesandthechangesofChina.Foodisthemostimportantpartofthedevelopment(發(fā)展)ofChinesecivilization(文明).6.ABiteofChinais________.A.amovie B.adocumentary C.asportsshow7.ManypeoplelikeABiteofChina________.A.becauseitbringsthememoryoftastefromtheirhometownsB.becauseitintroducesdifferentkindsofweatheraroundChinaC.becauseyoucanknoweverytravelplacealloverChina8.Fromtheprogram,wecanknowthat________.A.about100,000ChineseaudiencesareinterestedinthisprogramB.thesewonderfulChinesefoodsarenoteasytoproduceC.thedirectoroftheprogramisChenQing9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"ittalksmorethanfood"mean?A.CCTVcanmakemoremoneythroughtheprogram.B.WecanknowChineseculturethroughfood.C.Whatpeoplethinkoftheprogramismoreimportant.10.Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?A.Inanotice. B.Inaschoolplay. C.Inanewspaper.三、Asteenagers,youhavemanydreams.Thesedreamscanbeverybig,suchaswinningtheNobelPrize,ortheycanbesmall.Youmayjustwanttobecomeoneofthetenbeststudentsinyourclass.Onceyoufindadream，whatdoyoudowithit?Doyouevertrytomakeyourdreamreal?"FollowYourHeart"byAustralianwriterAndrewstellsusthatmakingourdreamsrealislife'sbiggestchallenge.Youmaythinkyou'renotverygoodatsomeschoolsubjects，oritisimpossibleforyoutobecomeawriter.Thesekindsofthoughtsstopyoufromgettingyourdream，thebooksays.Infact，everyonecanmakehisdreamcometrue.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistorememberwhatyourdreamis.Don'tletitleaveyourheart.Keeptellingyourselfwhatyouwant.Dothisstepbystepandyourdreamwillcometruefasterbecauseabigdreamis，infact，manysmalldreams.Youmustalsonevergiveupyourdream.Therewillbedifficultiesontheroadtoyourdreams.Butthebiggestdifficultycomesfromyourself.Youneedtodecidewhatisthemostimportant.StudyinginsteadofwatchingTVwillleadtobetterexamresults，whilesavingfiveyuaninsteadofbuyinganicecreammeansyoucanbuyanewbook.Asyougetclosertoyourdream，itmaychangealittle.Thisisgoodasyouhavethechancetolearnmoreskillsandfindnewinterests.11."FollowYourHeart"is_______.A.thefirstthingyoumustdotomakeyourdreamrealB.themostimportantdreamtohaveforteenagersC.thenameofafamousAustralianwriterD.thenameofabookbyAndrewMatthews12.Ifyouwanttomakeyourdreamreal，youshould_______.A.rememberwhatyourdreamisfirstB.keeptellingyourselfwhatyouwantC.neverbeafraidofthegigdifficultiesD.trytostartwithallthethingsabove13.Fromthetext，weknowtheword"challenge"means_______.A.變化 B.挑戰(zhàn) C.決定 D.態(tài)度14.Whatshouldn'tbedonetomakeyourdreamcometrue？A.Alwaysrememberwhatyourdreamsis.B.Dowhatyoushouldgostepbystep.C.WatchTVsothatyoucangetbetterexamresults.D.Readmorebooks，learnmoreskillsandfindnewinterests.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Keepyourdreaminyourmind.B.Howtofindyourrealdream.C.Neverstopdreamingofsuccess.D.Teenagershavemanydreams.四、Mostofusoftenhearoftheword"low-carbon(低碳的)".Butdoyouknowthe"low-carboncommunity"?Whatisthecommunitylike?Whatbenefits(好處)willitbringtoourenvironment?Let'shavealookattheHanbeiRoadCommunityofYa'an,SichuanProvince.Walkingintothecommunity,themosteye-catchingitemsareidlebins(閑置箱)around.Manypeopleinthecommunitywouldgivetheiridlethingsintothebins.XuJuan,amotheroftwochildren,onceputapairofglovesthere."Ithinkit'sgoodtohelpothers,"shesaid.Inordertoencouragemorepeopletojoininthelow-carbonactivity,thecommunitydesignedarewardprogramme.Anyonecangetsomepointsifhe/shegivesidlethingsortakespartinvolunteeractivities.Withenoughpoints,peoplecanexchangethingsinthe"low-carbonsupermarket"inthecommunity.Thereisalsoan"exchangecorner"inthecommunity.Peoplecanexchangetheiridlethingswithothers.Ifhe/sheisnotinterestedinanyidlethingsinthecorner,he/shecangivehis/herthingstopoorfamiliesinthecommunity."Wearetryingtomakethebestuseofidlethingsbyfreeexchangeandgiving.Wehopeallthepeopleinourcommunitycanlivealow-carbonlife,"saidWangLu,aleaderoftheHanbeiRoadCommunity.16.Whatisa"low-carboncommunity"like?A.Acommunitywithfewpoorfamilies.B.Acommunitywithfreethingseverywhere.C.Acommunitywithmanyidlebinsaround.D.Acommunitywithmanysupermarkets.17._____can'tbeputintheidlebins.A.Anewcap B.Anoldsweater C.Anicetoy D.Abrokencup18._____cangetpointsfromtherewardprogramme.A.PeoplegivingidlethingsB.Peopleexchangingthingsinthe"low-carbonsupermarket"C.AnyoneinthecommunityD.Someonetakingpartinoutdooractivities19.IfyouliveintheHanbeiRoadCommunityofYa'an,youcandothefollowingthingsexcept(除……之外)_____.A.givingyouroldclothesintotheidlebinsB.takingpartinvolunteeractivitiesC.exchangingoldbookswithneighboursinthe"exchangecorner"D.sellingoldfurnituretopoorfamiliesinthecommunity20.Whatbenefitswilla"low-carboncommunity"bringtoourenvironment?A.TheleaderoftheHanbeiRoadCommunitycangetmoreidlethings.B.Peoplecanmakethebestuseofidlethingsbyfreeexchangeandgiving.C.Therewillbemoreandmorecleanwaterandfreshair.D.Thepoorfamiliesinthecommunitywillbecomericherandricher.五、Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthetree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.Iwasvisitingmygrandpa'sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforustoenjoylater.Iwasn'tabouttolethimdown.Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalargehole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthepecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthehollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn'twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI'dcollected."Look,Grandpa,"Ishouted,"lookatallofthepecansIfound!"Grandpatookalookatmybasket."Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?"ItoldhimhowI'dfollowedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingoutsomethingaboutthesquirrel'shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders."Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,"hesaid."Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don'tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?""Ididn'tthinkaboutthat,"Isaid."Iknow,"Grandpasaid."Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse'shardwork,eventhesquirrel's."SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn'tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.…根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。21.Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?A.Topickuppecans. B.TocatchlittleanimalsC.Tofeedthesquirrels. D.Tolookforhisgrandpa.22.Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.A.hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpaB.hefoundouthisgrandpa'ssecretC.hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollowD.hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans23.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?A.Kindandwise. B.Caringandhumorous.C.Shyandfriendly. D.Patientandhard-working.24.Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?A.Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.B.Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.C.Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa'shouse.D.Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.25.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Anunusualtree B.Thestolenpecans C.Asmartsquirrel D.Themagicbasket六、OneGermanschoolhascomeupwithacheapandsimpleDIYsystemtohelpwiththeairmovingproblemintheroomduringCOVID-19.Itwasinventedbyateacher'sscientisthusband,FrankHelleis.Intheschool,aboveeverydesk,thereisaclearplasticfunnelattachedtoanarrowpipe(連接著窄小管道的塑料漏斗).Allthepipesareinturnconnectedtoonewidepipeleadingtoafan(風(fēng)扇)thatdirectstheairoutsidethroughawindow.Warmairbreathedoutbythestudentsrisesupoverheadandissucked(吸)upandpushedoutsidebeforeitcanspreadthroughtheroom.Anotherwindowiskepthalf-opentoallowinfreshair.Thesystemmanagestotakeoutover90%ofaerosols(氣溶膠)fromtheroom.ItcanbebuiltwithmaterialsfromaDIYstoreforaround$235.Somepeopleweresuccessfullyputtingallthematerialstogetherinhalfaday.Andithasbeensharedonlineforanyonewhowantstousetheidea.HelleishadtheideaafterdiscussingwithhisteamonhowtheycouldhelpduringCOVID-19."Wefoundthebestthingtodowastotakeouttheaerosols,"hesaid.Helleissaysairpurifiers(凈化器)canbeusefulbutaremoreexpensiveandnoisierthanhisinvention.Andunlikehisinvention,expensivepurifiersdon'tdealwithCO2,whichmightcausetiredness.Thisgivesschoolsareasontokeephishomemadesystem.TheschoolplanstospendthenextfewweekendsinstallingHelleis'systeminalltheclassrooms.26.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whatthesystemlookslikeandhowitworks.B.OneclassroomoftheGermanschool.C.Whytheschoolusesthesystem.D.Theimportanceofthesystem.27.Accordingtothepassage,thesystemcancutdown________intheroom.A.narrowpipes B.fans C.openwindows D.aerosols28.Helleisinventedthesystembecause________.A.therearefewwindowsinhiswife'sroomB.airpurifiersaretoonoisyforstudentsC.hewantedtodosomethingtohelpduringCOVID-19D.hewasexperiencedindealingwithairpollution29.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphmeaninChinese?A.研究 B.安裝 C.制造 D.清除30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheGermangovernmenthashelpedimprovethesystem.B.Thesystemismuchcheaperandquieterthanairpurifiers.C.ThesystemismorepopularthanairpurifiersinGermany.D.Thesystemcanworkwellwhentheclassroomwindowsareclosed.

答案以及解析一、1.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Ayoungmanwithexcellentgradeswantedtogetajobinabigcompany.Hemetthemanagerfortheinterview."可知，他見經(jīng)理是為了找工作。故選C。2.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文中的"Theyworkasclothescleaners."可知，這位年輕人的父母是洗衣工。故選B。3.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文中的"Nowgohomeandcleanyourparents'hands,thenseemetomorrowmorning,"可知，經(jīng)理讓他回家后給他的父母洗手。故選D。4.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)一、二段可知，第二天年輕人見到經(jīng)理向他匯報了給父母洗手的感想，體會到了父母的艱辛，表達了對父母的感激之情。經(jīng)理覺得這就是他想找的人。由此可推斷，年輕人得到了這份工作。故選A。5.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。通過閱讀本文可知，因為這位年輕人心存感恩，所以才得到了這份工作。所以文章主要告誡我們要學(xué)會感恩。故選B。二、6.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)"ThisTVprogramisadocumentaryabouttraditionalChinesefood."可知，《舌尖上的中國》是一部關(guān)于中國傳統(tǒng)食品的紀錄片。所以答案為B。7.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)"Thememoryoftasteisthedeepest.ManypeopleinChinahavesuccessintheirlivesbuttheyhavetobefarawayfromtheirhomes.Buttheystillhaveastomachoftheirhometowns.Thisiswhymanypeopleenjoytheprogram."可知，味道的記憶是最深的。在中國，許多人在生活中取得了成功，但他們不得不遠離家鄉(xiāng)。但他們對自己的家鄉(xiāng)還是有好感的。這就是為什么很多人喜歡這個節(jié)目。所以答案為A。8.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)"AndtheaudiencesalsohavechancestoseehowhardthecooksandfarmershavetoworktomakesuchwonderfulChinesefood."可知，觀眾也有機會看到廚師和農(nóng)民是如何努力工作來制作如此美味的中國食物。需要努力工作制作這些食物，所以這些美味的中國食物并不容易制作。所以答案為B。9.答案：B解析：詞句猜測題。依據(jù)"ABiteofChinatalksaboutfood，butittalksmorethanfood."和"ABiteofChinatellsusfromthestartofculturetothehighlevelofthespirit"可知，《舌尖上的中國》講述的不僅是食物，還告訴我們從文化的起點到精神的高度，所以我們可以通過食物了解中國文化。所以答案為B。10.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。本文主要介紹《舌尖上的中國》這部紀錄片，所以推測可能在報紙上看到這篇文章，所以答案為C。三、11.答案：D解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段：""FollowYourHeart"byAustralianwriter…"中的writer可知，"FollowYourHeart"是澳大利亞的作者寫的，故"FollowYourHeart"是一本書的名字，故選D。12.答案：D解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段："Thefirstthingyoumustdoistorememberwhatyourdreamis."可知你必須做的第一件事就是記住你的