2022-2023自考專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試題庫(kù)及答案

2022-2023自考專(zhuān)業(yè)（英語(yǔ)）考試題庫(kù)及答案

1.Wemusttrytocreateamorecaring,moresociety.

A.compassionate

B.competitive

正確答案：

A

2.thepopularityofrobotsinJapan,thecountry'srobot-productiongrowthis

slowingdown.

A.As

B.AIthough

C.With

D.Despite

正確答案：

D

3.WehopedtobeabIetomoveintoournewhouseattheendofthemonth,butthings

didntasweexpected.

A.workout

B.moveout

C.getout

D.carryout

正確答案：

D

4.Iunderstoodfromherthatyouundertookotherimportantwork.

A.asweII

B.astooas

C.asaIsoas

D.asgoodas

正確答案：

A

5.PleasemakesurethatthestipulationsintheL/Careexactaccordanee___the

termsoftheSalesContract.

正確答案：

in、with

6.Hermothercan'tspeakEnglishFrench,butisgoodatJapanese.

A.yet

B.or

C.neither

D.whiIe

正確答案:

B

7.英語(yǔ)翻譯：北洋軍閥政府

正確答案：

theNorthernWarIordgovernment

8.Everyoneisexcitedbythenews,?

正確答案：

arenJtthey/isn'the

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecontextclues?

A.Definition

B.Polysemy

C.Synonymy

D.Antonymy.

正確答案：

B

10.Amanflowntoatimezonedifferentby10hourswiIIeightdaystoreadjust

hispalmsweat.

A.spend

B.take

C.cost

D.pay

正確答案：

B

11.Whathetolduswasmoreofa(n)thanareaIity.

A.illusion

B.demonstration

C.iIlustration

D.reputation

正確答案：

A

12.名詞解釋?zhuān)簊iIentpartnership

正確答案：

Asecretrelationshipbetweentwoormorepersons,oneofwhomcarriesonabusiness

inhisnamealonewithoutreveaIingtheparticipationoftheotherwhohasIimited

personaIIiabiIity..

13.我感謝陸登庭校長(zhǎng)的邀請(qǐng)，使我有機(jī)會(huì)在這美好的金秋時(shí)節(jié)來(lái)到你們這座美國(guó)古老而又現(xiàn)代化的學(xué)

府。()

A.IthankPresidentRudenstinetoinvitemetothisoldyetmoderninstitutionofthe

UnitedStatesinthisgoldenfall.

B.IwishtothankPresidentRudenstineforinvitingmetothisoldyetmoderninstitution

oftheUnitedStatesinthisgoldenfall.

C.IthankPresidentRudenstineforinvitingmetothisancientyetmoderninstitutionof

theII.S.inthisgoldenautumn.

D.IwishtothankPresidentRudenstinetoinvitemetothisancientyetmoderninstitution

oftheU.S.inthisgoldenautumn.

正確答案：

B

14.我就擔(dān)心喪失機(jī)會(huì)。不抓呀，看到的機(jī)會(huì)就丟掉了，時(shí)間一晃就過(guò)去了。（）

A.TheonIythingIworryaboutisthatwemayloseopportunities.Ifwedonseizethem,

theywiIIslipthrough'tourfingers,timespeedsby.

B.TheonIythingIworryaboutisthatwemayloseopportunities.Don'tseizethem,

theywiIIslipthroughourfingers,becausetimespeedsby.

C.TheonIythingIworryaboutisthatwemayIoseopportunities.Ifwedon'tseize

them,theywiIIslipthroughourfingers.Nowthattimefliesfast.

D.TheonIythingIworryaboutisthatwemayloseopportunities.Ifwedon'tseize

them,theywiIIslipthroughourfingersastimespeedsby.

正確答案：

D

15.Asforfamilyeducation,parentsareencouragedtoreIyonratherthan

punishment.

A.criticism

B.intimidation

C.persuasion

D.scolding

正確答案：

C

16.JennycompIainedthatthehospitalhertoomuchforthetreatment.

A.expended

B.paid

C.cost

D.charged

正確答案：

D

17.Younghewas,hemanagedtomakealivingonhisown.

A.although

B.sinee

C.though

D.thus

正確答案：

C

18.Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationand

speIIing.WhichofthefollowingwordscomesfromChinese?

A.Bazaar

B.Kowtow

C.Rajah

D.Blitzkrieg

正確答案：

B

19.翻譯：中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的沿海大國(guó)。中國(guó)高度重視海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)和保護(hù)，把發(fā)展海洋事業(yè)作為國(guó)家

發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)海洋綜合管理，不斷完善海洋法律制度，積極發(fā)展海洋科學(xué)技術(shù)和教育。中國(guó)積極參與

聯(lián)合國(guó)系統(tǒng)的海洋事務(wù)，推進(jìn)國(guó)家間和地區(qū)性海洋領(lǐng)域的合作，并認(rèn)真履行自己承擔(dān)的義務(wù)，為全球海

洋開(kāi)發(fā)和保護(hù)事業(yè)做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。1998年是聯(lián)合國(guó)確定的國(guó)際海洋年，中國(guó)政府愿借此機(jī)會(huì)介紹中

國(guó)海洋事業(yè)的發(fā)展情況。

正確答案：

AsamajordevelopingcountrywithaIongcoastIine,Chinaattachesgreatimportance

tomarinedeveIopmentandprotection,andtakesitasthestate'sdevelopmentstrategy.

ItisconstantIystrengtheningcomprehensivemarinemanagement,steadilyimprovingits

marinelaws,andactivelydevelopingscience,technologyandeducationpertainingtothe

oceans.ChinahasmadepositivecontributionstointernationaIoceandeveIopmentand

protectionbyparticipatingpositivelyinUNmarineaffairs,promotingcountry-to-country

andregionalcooperationandconscientiousIycarryingoutitsobIigationsinthisfield.

Theyear1998hasbeendesignatedbytheUnitedNationsastheInternationaIOcean

Year,andonthisoccasiontheChineseGovernmentwouldIiketointroducetheprogressof

ChinasworkinthisparticularfieldtotheworId.

20.Inthe1960spopmusicunderwentarevolutionwhenbecameworIdfamousand

turnedtheirhometownofLiverpoolintoaplaceofpiIgrimage.

A.tehBeachBoys

B.theRollingStone

C.theAnimals

D.theBeatIes

正確答案：

D

21.重寫(xiě)句子：Hockeyisasportwhichispopularinmanycountriesaroundthe

worId.(simplesentence)

正確答案:

InmanycounetriesaroundtheworId,hockeyisapopuIarsport.

22.AyearIater,withthenation5seconomy,Bush,sapprovaIratingdropped

beIow40percent

A.inpower

B.introubIe

C.inhand

D.inpart

正確答案：

B

23.YouarethemostdirectyoungwomanIhaveever.

A.cometo

B.comeinto

C.comeover

D.comeacross

正確答案：

D

24.英語(yǔ)翻譯：thescienceofbioticcontrol

正確答案：

生物控制（科）學(xué)

25.Hedidn4tseemtomindthemusicwhilehewasstudying.

A.themIistening

B.themtoIistento

C.whenshereturned

D.thatdidshereturn

正確答案：

C

26.英語(yǔ)翻譯：我希望我的書(shū)將闡明我們面臨的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。

正確答案：

IhopemybookwiIIelucidatethecompIexissuesweface.

27.WhyweretheFrenchtroopsinCanadadefeatedbytheBritishduringtheSevenYears'

War?

A.BecausetheywerenotusedtotheweatherinCananda.

B.Becausetheydidnotgetsupportfromthelocalpeople,

C.BecausetheydidnotreceivethesuppIiestheyneededsobadIy.

D.BecausetheBritishhadIargerandbettersettlementsinCanada.

正確答案:

C

28.Greatlyandpermanentlyaffectedbythe()experiences,Hemingwayformedhisownwriting

style,togetherwithhisthemeandhero.

A.mining

B.farming

C.war

D.saiIing

正確答案：

C

29.重寫(xiě)句子：IhavecheckedmydocumentsseveraItimes.Istillcanfindtthe

probIem.(compoundsentence)

正確答案：

IhavecheckedmydocumentsseveraItimes,butIstillcantfindtheproblem.

30.英語(yǔ)翻譯：基金會(huì)

正確答案：

foundation

31.Thethiefmadeaattheoldlady?spurse.

A.take

B.snatch

C.grasp

D.seize

正確答案：

B

32.翻譯：老年人有長(zhǎng)處，但也有很大的弱點(diǎn)——老年人容易固執(zhí)，因此老年人也要有點(diǎn)自覺(jué)性。

正確答案:

OldpeoplehavestrengthsbutaIsogreatweaknesses-theyareeasytobestubborn,for

exampIe——andtheyshouIdbeawareofthat.

33.Thehousewasquietinthenight,theoccasionalcoughingfrommythroat.

A.asfor

B.suchas

C.insteadof

D.exceptfor

正確答案：

D

34.preferred,prefers,is,are,was,were,wiIIbe,shaIIbeDuringthehoiidayweek,

one-thirdofthestudentsinourcIasspreparedtostayoncampusforstudywhile

aroundtenpercentofthemsomemoresIeepathome.

正確答案：

were、preferred

35.英語(yǔ)翻譯：他是公司的首席執(zhí)行官，但總是平易近人。

正確答案：

HeistheCEOinthecompany,butalwaysaccessibIetoothers.

36.“Woman“becomes“Frau"inGerman,“femme”inFrenchand“funuJ,inChinese.

ThisexampIeshowsthatindifferentIanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedby

different.

A.sounds

B.forms

C.unities

D.meanings

正確答案：

A

37.IwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinish

areport.

A.togo

B.tohavegone

C.going

D.havinggone

正確答案：

B

38.TheNobeIPrizeCommitteehighlypraised()for"hispowerfuIstyIe-formingmastery

oftheart“ofcreatingmodernfiction.

A.EzraPound

B.ErnestHemingway

C.RobertFrost

D.TheodoreDreiser

正確答案：

B

39.alItherepresentativesstillnotthere,themeetingwaspostponedforseveraI

hours.

A.Because

B.With

C.By

D.Without

正確答案:

B

40.were,was,had,propaganda,propagandasLargeamountsofmoneyspenton

正確答案：

were、propaganda

41.TowriteuphisnoveI,Johnislookingforanenvironmentfreeoutside

distraction.

A.on

B.with

C.from

D.in

正確答案:

C

42.HowmanypartsisanarticIeusuaIIycomposedof?Whatarethey?

正確答案：

Threeparts:introduction,bodyandconeIusion.

43.Theteachertoldusthefact.

A.whichtheearthmovesaroundthesun

B.thattheearthmovedaroundthesun

C.thatthesunmovesaroundtheearth

D.thattheearthmovesaroundthesun

正確答案：

D

44.WenotefromyourletterofSeptember10ththatyouareiinterestedwaInutmeat.

正確答案：

in

45.ataIIisworthdoingwell.

A.Whateverisworthdoing

B.Thatisworthdoing

C.Whatisworthdoingit

D.Whateverisworthdoingit

正確答案：

A

46.Byjointeffortswecan__bothfriendshipandbusiness.()

A.increase

B.promoted

C.expand

D.extend

正確答案：

B

47.OppositionleaderswiIIbewatchingcarefuIIytoseehowthePrimeMinister

thecrisis.

A.handIes

B.conducts

C.observes

D.directs

正確答案：

A

48.JohnhardlyspeakstoanybodyinthecIassr'

正確答案：

doeshe

49.Itrainedhardyesterday,preventedmefromgoingtothepark.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it

正確答案：

B

50.句子寫(xiě)作：Mypresentationseemedtogowell.

正確答案:

MypresentationseemedtogoweIIalthoughIwasfeeIingreaIIynervous.

51.AmericanseatvegetabIesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.

A.morethantwicemany

B.astwiceasmany

C.asmanyastwice

D.twiceasmany

正確答案：

A

52.Wehavetostoptalkinghereoutside.Listen,!----Hurryup,orwe'II

belate

A.TheregoesthebeII

B.TheredoesthebeIIgo

C.TherethebeIIgoes

D.GoesthebeIIthere

正確答案：

A

53.than,as,more,most,theTheinformationthatcomesin,more

confusedthepicturebecomes.

正確答案：

more、the

54.Pleaseremindmeherthisnote.

A.leave

B.toleave

C.leaving

D.left

正確答案：

B

55.OneoftheresponsibiIitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethataII

shipsfollowtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.

A.conveniently

B.obedientIy

C.sufficiently

D.reluctantly

正確答案：

B

56.I'dIiketoremindyouthatthereisnoonthepartofsuspectstoanswer

questions.

A.obIigation

B.evidence

C.transaction

D.motivation

正確答案：

A

57.AustraliaislocatedbetweenandtheIndianOcean.

A.theSouthPacificOcean

B.theAtIanticOcean

C.theNorthSea

D.theArctic

正確答案：

A

58.翻譯：WewishtocaIIyourattentiontothevalidityoftheL/C,sineethereisno

possibiIityofL/Cextension.

正確答案：

此信用證無(wú)展延可能，特此提請(qǐng)你方注意該信用證的有效期。

59.Hehasdeeploveforthepeopleandloyaltytothecountry.

A.intense

B.initial

C.instant

D.imitative

正確答案：

A

60.WeshaIIdoeverythingpossibletoassistyouinamutuaIIybeneficialtrade.

A.developing

B.developed

C.develop

D.deveIopment

正確答案：

A

61.InDeathintheAfternoon()presentshisphilosophyaboutIifeanddeaththroughthe

depictionofthebulIfightasakindofmicrocosmictragedy.

A.WiIIiamFauIkner

B.JackLondon

C.ErnestHemingway

D.MarkTwain

正確答案：

c

62.名詞解釋?zhuān)簆rivateinternationalIaw

正確答案：

PrivateinternationaIIawisappliedtotheIawsgoverningconductbetweenpeopIe(and

corporations)fromdifferentstates.

63.翻譯：Afterreinspectionattheportofdestination,thequaIityofthegoodsshipped

exS.S."RedStar”underContractNo.CT7543waotfioundncompIianeewiththecon

tractstipuIations.

正確答案：

經(jīng)在目的港的復(fù)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)“紅星”輪裝來(lái)的第CT7543與合項(xiàng)下貨物質(zhì)量與合同規(guī)定不符。

64.ThedriverpulledatthetrafficIights.

A.in

B.off

C.up

D.out

正確答案：

C

65.youIikeotheritems,kindlyIetusknowandweshaIIbeonIytoopleasedtomake

youoffersdirect.()

A.Incase

B.inthecase

C.Inthiscase

D.Inthatcase

正確答案：

A

66.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworId'spopuIationwiII

beIivingincitiesinthecountry.

A.otherthan

B.morethan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

正確答案：

D

67.名詞解釋?zhuān)簅ffer

正確答案：

AnofferisaproposaIaddressedtospecificpersonsindicatinganintentionbythe

offerortobeboundtothesaleorpurchaseofparticulargoodsforaprice..

68.IknowmyIimitations,soIwon'tdoanythingmyabiIity.

A.beyond

B.under

C.above

D.beIow

正確答案：

B

69.HedrovefastandarrivedanhourofscheduIe.

A.inadvance

B.ahead

C.abreast

D.infront

正確答案：

B

70.InEuropearethetwoIeadingcontendersforaglobaIreservationssystem.

A.SABREandGALILEO

B.GALILEOandAPOLLO

C.GALILEOandAMADEUS

D.APOLLOandAMADEUS

正確答案：

C

71.Mrs.Smithlockedboththefrontandthebackdoorsbeforeshewentto

bedthatsomeonemightsteaIintothehouseatnight.

A.so

B.forfear

C.unIess

D.oncondition

正確答案：

D

72.is,are,was,were,wiIIbe,aregoingtobe,have,has,hadThebeautifuI

somethingthattheinnocentnotalwaysabIetoappreciatefuIIy.

正確答案：

is、are

73.英語(yǔ)翻譯：振興中華

正確答案：

rejuvenationofChina

74.ItisnousearguingthepIanbecauseithasbeenrejected.

A.with

B.against

C.for

D.on

正確答案：

C

75.Wehavemade____thatwewouldaccepttermsforyourpresentorder.

A.cIear

B.itisclear

C.thatcIear

D.itcIea

正確答案：

D

76.ModernEnglishvocabuIarydeveIopsthroughthefollowingchanneIsEXCEPT,

A.creation

B.borrowing

C.semanticchange

D.lexicalchange

正確答案：

D

77.Hecannotchoosehisownjob,canI.

正確答案：

neither/nor

78.Williamhascuthissmokingtofivecigarettesaday.

A.down

B.short

C.away

D.off

正確答案：

A

79.Thedevastatingfloodsanddroughtsthatimposedarecurrenttaxofsufferingonthe

farmersnolongeroccur.Egyptianagriculturehasbeentransformed,andindustryis

benefitingfrompowergeneratedbythedam.()

A.過(guò)去不斷給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的旱澇兩災(zāi)，現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生了。埃及的農(nóng)業(yè)得到了改造，工業(yè)也用上了水壩

發(fā)的電。

B.過(guò)去不斷給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的不但有旱澇兩災(zāi)，還有稅收。但是現(xiàn)在埃及的農(nóng)業(yè)得到了改造，工業(yè)也用

上了水壩發(fā)的電。

C.過(guò)去不斷給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的旱澇兩災(zāi)，現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生了。埃及的農(nóng)業(yè)得到了改良，水壩發(fā)的電也用在

了工業(yè)上。

D.過(guò)去不斷給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的不但有旱澇兩災(zāi)，還有稅收。但是埃及的農(nóng)業(yè)得到了改良，工業(yè)也給水壩

發(fā)電帶來(lái)了很大的好處。

正確答案：

A

80.WhichoftenfollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutBritishcoaImining?

A.BritionhasusedupalmostaIIcoaIdeposits

B.ThedemandforBritishcoaIhasdecIined.

C.Petroleum,waterpower,andelectricpowerreplacingcoaIformanypurposes.

D.TheoldBritishminesarenarrowanddeep,makingitdifficulttousemachines

正確答案：

A

81.ThedelegationRussiawiIIvisitLondonthisafternoon.

A.in

B.from

C.at

D.for

正確答案：

B

82.Itseemsasifthesunroundtheearthsineeitrisesintheeastandsetsinthe

west.

A.circles

B.iscircIing

C.hasbeencircling

D.werecircIing

正確答案：

D

83.Hegraduatedfromcollegehisparentsdivorced.

A.which

B.before

C.whiIe

D.that

正確答案：

B

84.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationaIIanguage.

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

正確答案：

D

85.IfwehadreceivedyourL/C,weshipment.

A.wiIIeffect

B.haveeffect

C.wouldhaveeffected

D.hadeffected

正確答案：

C

86.ThefunctionsofinstitutionsofhighereducationintheU.S.are.

A.researchandteaching

B.teachinganddegreeawarding

C.professionaltraining,teachingandpubIicservice

D.teaching,researchandpubIicservice

正確答案：

D

87.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.

—Well,nowIregretthat.

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.tohavedone

D.havingdone

正確答案：

D

88.翻譯：ChinamayweIIbethefavoritewhippingboyofmanufacturersintheUnited

Statesthesedays.Butinthedevelopingworld,thecountryisbecomingthetrading

partnerofchoice,drawinginairplanesfromBraziI,soybeansfromArgentinaandseafood

fromMaIaysia,boostingeconomiesandIeadingtonewpoliticalaliiances.Thegrowing

appetiteoftheworId'mostspopulousnationhasmadeChinaanewsourceofincomefor

thedevelopingeconomiesofSouthAmericaandAsia."China'sboomingimportsfrom

developingcountriesespeciallyofcommodities-----arenotonIyhelpinggrowthin

countriesfromBraziItoAfrica,butareaIreadyreshapinginternationaItraderelations,‘

saidKennethRogoff,aneconomicsprofessoratHarvardUniversity.DeveIopedcountries

aIsoaresendingmoregoodstoChins,theworId-largesteconomy,withanestimated's

sixth$1.334trilliongrossdomesticproductin2003,accordingtotheIMF.

正確答案：

參考譯文：

美國(guó)的制造商當(dāng)前很可能最喜歡拿中國(guó)作出氣筒。但在發(fā)展中國(guó)家里，中國(guó)卻日益成為首選的貿(mào)易

伙伴。中國(guó)從巴西進(jìn)口飛機(jī)，從阿根廷進(jìn)口大豆，從馬來(lái)西亞進(jìn)口海鮮，一方面促進(jìn)各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，

一方面形成新的政治聯(lián)盟。

中國(guó)這個(gè)世界上人口最多的國(guó)家，胃口越來(lái)越大，成了南美洲和亞洲發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的新財(cái)源。哈佛

大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授肯尼思?羅戈夫說(shuō)道：“中國(guó)從發(fā)展中國(guó)家不斷擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，尤其是商品進(jìn)口，這不僅促

進(jìn)了從巴西到非洲各國(guó)的發(fā)展，而且在改變著國(guó)際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的格局?！?/p>

發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家也把越來(lái)越多的貨物銷(xiāo)往中國(guó)。據(jù)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織稱(chēng)，中國(guó)2003年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值估計(jì)

為1.334萬(wàn)億美元，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)在全世界占第六位。

89.WithanappropriateconjunctiveLastmonthIboughtawatch.Itischeap,it

goesquitewell.

正確答案：

but/yet

90.Thisfactormeansthatthereisoftenaconnectioninappearanceandtemperament

betweenparentsandchiIdren.

A.historicaI

B.hereditary

正確答案：

B

91.ThisisgoodreadinghabitsarenotonIyanimportantstudyskillforthe

student,butaIsoanimportantIifeskillforanyone.

A.that

B.why

C.where

D.when

正確答案：

B

92.YoushouIdheIpthemwhenyourfriendsquarreIwitheachother.

A.comeintosight

B.cometoterms

C.comeintopIay

D.cometopower

正確答案：

B

93.AlthoughTomissatisfiedwithhisacademicachievement,hewonderswiII

happentohisfamiIylife.

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

正確答案：

C

94.In1985,becamethefirstinternationalhoteIcompanytoopenahoteIinChina

bearingitsownname.

A.Sheraton

B.HolidayInn

C.HiItonInternationaI

D.IBIS(France)

正確答案：

A

95.IntheUnitedKingdom,policeofficersarenotaIIowedtojoinortogoon

strike.

A.atradeunion

B.achoir

C.apoIiticaIparty

D.acIub

正確答案：

A

96.Theprofessorworkedfor7hoursata.

A.stretch

B.extend

C.expand

D.prolong

正確答案：

A

97.Withouttransportation,therecouldbenotrade.Withouttrade,therecouIdbeno

townsandcities.Townsandcitiesaretraditionallythe___16___ofciviIization.

Therefore,transportationheIpsmakecivilization___17___.

Throughoutmostoftheprehistoricperiod,peopIeIivedbyhunting,fishing,and

___18___wiIdpIants.Theyhadnobeastsofburden,wheeIedvehicles,orroads.PeopIe

traveIed___19___andcarriedtheirinfantsandbelongingsstrappedtotheirbacksor

heads.Loadstooheavyforonepersontocarrywerestrappedtoapoleandcarriedbytwo

peopIe.

___20___,peopleIearnedthattheycoulddragIoadsalongthegroundonsledges.During

Iateprehistorictimes,peopIebegantobuildsIedgeswithrunners.WhenpeopIe

deveIopedagricultureandbegantoestabIish___21___settIements,tradebetween

settIements

startedtodevelop,whichcreatedaneedforbetter___22___oftransportation.Thedonkey

andtheox,whichhadbeentamedforfoodproductsandfarmwork,helped___23___this

need.Theuseofdonkeysandoxenasbe