【高考英語】近五年真題議論文整理（2019-2023）

【高考英語】近五年真題議論文整理（2019-2023）〖2023年高考真題題組〗【2023?全國乙卷】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人曾經(jīng)有過文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.(理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。)”可推斷，作者認為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英國方面，我們有科學(xué)報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看，我們只有一個木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知，作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D。34.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。)”結(jié)合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。〖2022年高考真題題組〗【2022?北京卷】Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】31A32.C33.A34.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜的擔(dān)憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D.excited激動的。故選A。32.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他說，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子計算機，它“解決了一個有影響力的問題，否則我們無法解決這個問題”。他補充說:“人們自然會不相信我的觀點，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時間來定量地比較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對量子計算的樂觀來源于他對PyQuantum的信心。故選C。33.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西。”）”可知，本句中含有一個原因狀語從句，因為““量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。A.Open.開放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A。34.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計算領(lǐng)域進行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報道，量子機器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火?！保币约白詈笠欢巍癈ouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢”領(lǐng)先所有競爭對手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計算機。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。所以短文的最佳標題為“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D?！?022?天津卷】RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceintheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盤).Iftheenginelackspower,thcarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.51.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A.Makingussimple-mindedB.Makingusshort-signted.C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.52.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C.Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D.Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.53.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone________.A.lessselfishB.lessannoyingC.moremotivatedD.moreresponsible54.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A.Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.B.Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.55.AccordingtoParagraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledgeD.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge【答案】51圖片B52.D53.C54.A55.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了美好生活的秘訣是什么。人生的目的不是生而快樂，而是生而有益?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.(這種對美好生活的狹隘看法可能會帶來短期的好處，但肯定會導(dǎo)致長期的傷害和痛苦。)”可知，對美好生活的狹隘看法只能給我們帶來短期的好處，所以時間長了會讓我們目光短淺、短視。故選B項。【52題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.(我們必須先為他人服務(wù)而不求回報，因為他人的幸福是我們自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我們能夠從幫助他人獲得真正的幸福。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.(然而，當(dāng)我們出于熱愛做同樣的工作時，我們不僅享受我們做的事情，而且也享受那種毫不費力的感覺。)”可知，帶著熱愛去做事會讓人更加享受做這件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有動力。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.(虛假的知識比無知更危險。)”可以推測出，當(dāng)我們對世界有錯誤的認識的時候，就算意圖良好，也可能導(dǎo)致不好的、違背預(yù)期的結(jié)局。故選A項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.(帶著愛和知識，我們?nèi)σ愿?，通過對他人做好事來創(chuàng)造一個更美好的世界。)”可知，有愛和知識，生活就會變得更美好。故選A項?！?021年高考真題題組〗【2021?新高考I卷】Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】322-35DBAB【導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了什么是情商以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，并表達了作者自己的觀點，同時提出了對情商研究的未來期望。32.D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand‘peopleskills’.”可知，許多人誤把情商理解為一個人的性格中無法被智商測試所衡量的幾乎可取的一切，也就是指一個人的積極的品質(zhì)。33.B。推理判斷題。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介紹情商的概念。由此推斷出提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對這一概念的解釋。34.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者認為情商普及利大于弊。又根據(jù)“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者對于情商普及是贊成的。35.B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.”可知，雖然情商的持續(xù)流行吸引力是可取的，但我們希望這種關(guān)注能引起人們對情感的科學(xué)研究和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大的興趣。又根據(jù)下文的“Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.”可知，我們希望在未來的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進步提供新的視角來研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。由此可知，這些是對未來研究的期望?！?021?全國甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【答案】12-15ADAB【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。12.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而那些勝利者為進入天才俱樂部設(shè)定了標準。當(dāng)俱樂部以外的天才——女性或不同膚色或信仰的人——做出貢獻時，他們不會被承認并且被其他人拒絕)”可推知，作者認為那些“勝利者”對進入“天才俱樂部”設(shè)置的標準是不公平的，因為女性或者不同膚色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承認的。13.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們是按照這個信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動)”可推知，女孩容易受到社會信仰的影響，認為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。14.A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一個全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn))”可知，進步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。15.B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Whoisagenius?（誰是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標題?！?021?天津卷】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife52.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople53.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.D55.A【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。51.推理判斷題。文章第二段中提到“Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）”根據(jù)“know…aboutlessandless”可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。52.細節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.…Thesespecialistscouldworkatthe