2021新高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)20必修4Themeparks

課時作業(yè)20ThemeparksⅠ.閱讀理解AExpertsarewarningabouttherisksofextremepickyeatingafterateenagerdevelopedpermanentsightlossafterlivingonadietofchipsandcrisps.Sinceleavingprimaryschool,theteenhadbeeneatingonlyFrenchfries,whitebread,aswellasanoccasionalsliceofhamorasausage.Theadolescent,whocannotbenamed,hadseenhisdoctorattheageof14becausehehadbeenfeelingtiredandunwell.AtthattimehewasdiagnosedwithlackofVitaminB12andputonsupplements,buthedidnotstickwiththetreatmentorimprovehispoordiet.Threeyearslater,hewastakentotheBristolEyeHospitalbecauseofprogressivesightloss.DrDenizeAtan,whotreatedhimatthehospital,said：“Hisdietwasonlyaportionofchipsfromthelocalfishandchipshopeveryday.Healsousedtosnackonchips,whitebreadandsometimesslicesofhamorsausage,andnotreallyanyfruitandvegetables.”Theteenexplainedthisasadisliketocertainkindsoffoodthathereallycouldnottolerate,andsochipsandcrispswerereallytheonlytypesoffoodthathewantedandfeltthathecouldeat.DrAtanrecheckedtheyoungman'svitaminlevelsandsaid“hewaslowinB12aswellassomeotherimportantvitaminsandminerals—copper,seleniumandVitaminD.Hewasnotoverorunderweight,butwasseverelymalnutritionalfromhiseatingdisorder.Hehadlostmineralsfromhisbone,whichwasreallyquiteshockingforaboyofhisage.”“Hehadblindspotsrightinthemiddleofhisvision，”saidDrAtan'sassistant.“Thatmeanshecan'tdriveandwouldfinditreallydifficulttoread,watchTVorrecognizefaces,buthecanwalkaroundonhisownbecausehehasgotperipheral(周邊的)vision.”Theconditiontheyoungmanhasistreatableifdiagnosedearly.Lefttoolong,however,thenervefibresintheopticnerve(視神經(jīng))dieandthedamagebeespermanent.Nowhehasbeenputonvitaminsupplementsandsenttoadietitianandaspecialistmentalhealthteam.本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了最近英國一名少年由于常年只吃薯條、薯片和其他垃圾食品，最終導致雙目失明。這給挑食的人們提了個醒。1．Whatcanweknowabouttheboy?A．Hedidn'tseeadoctor.B．Hecannotseeanythingnow.C．Hehasanormalbodyshape.D．Heinsistedontakingsupplements.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中teenagerdevelopedpermanentsightloss可知，男孩并沒完全失明，只是視力減退；根據(jù)第三段中．..hadseenhisdoctorattheageof14可知男孩去看過醫(yī)生；根據(jù)AtthattimehewasdiagnosedwithlackofVitaminB12andputonsupplements,buthedidnotstickwiththetreatmentorimprovehispoordiet.可知，男孩沒有堅持吃這些營養(yǎng)劑；根據(jù)第六段中Hewasnotoverorunderweight.可知，這個少年并沒有超重或體重過輕，所以少年的體型正常，故選C項。2．Whatkindoffooddoestheboyrefusetoeat?A．Crispsandchips. B．Whitebread.C．Hamandsausage. D．Fruitandvegetables.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Healsousedtosnackonchips,whitebreadandsometimesslicesofhamorsausage,andnotreallyanyfruitandvegetables.可知，他還經(jīng)常吃薯片，有時吃幾片白面包，偶爾吃幾片火腿，不吃任何水果和蔬菜。所以小男孩拒絕吃水果和蔬菜，故選D項。3．WhatcanwelearnfromDrAtan'swords?A．Vegetablesandfruitaretheonlysourceofvitamins.B．Lackofvitaminsandmineralsmayleadtothelossofsigh.C．Themorevitaminswetake,thebetter.D．Lossofmineralsfrombonecausesblindness.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段、第七段中hewaslowinB12aswellassomeotherimportantvitaminsandminerals—copper,seleniumandVitaminD.“Hehadblindspotsrightinthemiddleofhisvision，”saidDrAtan'sassistant.可知，少年體內(nèi)的維生素B12以及其他一些重要的維生素和礦物質(zhì)——銅、硒和維生素D含量都很低。DrAtan醫(yī)生說這個少年的視力正中間有盲點。所以通過DrAtan的話可以判斷出，缺乏維生素和礦物質(zhì)可能導致失明，故選B項。BSomeyearsago,MichelAndréfoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship—butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbeeclearthattherewasalink.Thewhaleshadbeedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously.“Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill，”recalls(回憶起)André，whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.Andréhasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalmunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(鹽度)andflowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocoursewhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN'sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.“Theoceanisnotourworld，”mentsAndré.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.本文是一篇說明文，文章通過介紹MichelAndré的發(fā)現(xiàn)，講述了海底聲污染對于鯨魚的影響以及相應的應對措施。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desensitised”inParagraph2mean?A．Stubborn. B．Flexible.C．Dull. D．Friendly.答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)原文畫線詞的描述對象是船只噪音，再根據(jù)“andwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously”可知，鯨魚被靠近的船只碰撞，因為它們對靠近的船只所產(chǎn)生的噪音比較“遲鈍”，故C項正確。5．What'sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Tolowerthespeedofships.B．Toreducethenumberofships.C．Tosetupapreserveunderthesea.D．Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“It'salsopossibletoshowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale”可知，文中提及可以降低船只速度以解決這個問題，故A項正確。6．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndréhasdone?A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving.C．Positive. D．Uncaring.答案：C解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句中的“thankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution”可知，作者對MichelAndré所做的工作持積極態(tài)度，故C項正確。thanksto意為“多虧，由于”。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Agreatexpert.B．Noiseinthesea.C．Animalsinthesea.D．Seaexplorationtechnology.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章通過介紹MichelAndré的工作，講述了海底噪音對鯨魚的影響以及降低海底噪音的措施，故B項最符合文章主旨。Ⅱ.七選五Ifyoufindyourselflosingthemotivationtodoyourhomework,youarenotalone.__1__Ifyouwanttogetgoodgrades,ofcourse,youmustdoyourhomework.Here'showtofindthemotivation：__2__Ifyouaretootired,you'lljustwanttowatchtelevisioninsteadofthinkingaboutyourhomework.Plusyou'llhaveamucheasiertimerememberingwhatyou'vereadifyouareenergetic.Turnoffthedistractions.Turnoffthemusicandtelevision.Ifyoudon'tneedyourputerortheInternetforyourhomework,turnitoffaswell.Makesureyourstudyareaisfreefromdistractions.__3__Startrightaway.Doingyourhomeworkrightafteryougethomecankeepyoufromfallingintothetrapofendlesshoursofdistractions.__4__AlthoughitmaynotbepopulartodoyourhomeworkonaFridaynight,you'llhavetherestoftheweekendfree.Createaschedule.__5__Planoutwhenyouwilldoeachpartoftheassignment.Splitthemintosmallparts,sothatyoucanfeelgoodaboutpletingeachpart.Itcanbemucheasiertodealwithabigassignmentorprojectonceyou'vesplititintomanageablepieces.Homeworkcanbeboring,butit'snecessaryifyouwanttopassyourclasses.Onceyoumakeaplantofinishyourhomework,sticktoit.A．Getenoughrest.B．Gatheryourmaterials.C．Writeallofyourassignmentsonachecklist.D．Manystudentsdelayindoingtheirhomework.E．You'lleasilygetdistractedandavoidfinishingyourhomework.F．Plusthematerialyou'velearnedwillstillbefreshinyourmind.G．You'llbeabletofinishyourhomeworkmuchfasterifyoucanfocusonit.有不少學生缺乏做家庭作業(yè)的積極性，本文就如何提高學生做家庭作業(yè)的積極性給出了一些簡單但行之有效的應對策略。1．D解析：根據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufindyourselflosingthemotivationtodoyourhomework,youarenotalone”以及下文給出的幾個方法可推知，該空應是說明許多學生做家庭作業(yè)缺乏積極性的情況，故選D項。2．A解析：分析文章結構和空處所在的位置可知，本空是該段的主題句。根據(jù)本段的兩個假設“Ifyouaretootired”和“ifyouareenergetic”可推知，本段的建議是要休息好，故選A項。3．G解析：根據(jù)空前一句可知，要確保你的學習區(qū)域沒有分散注意力的事物，由此可推知，沒有了分散注意力的事物的干擾，你就會關注家庭作業(yè)，這樣你將能更快地完成它，故選G項。4．F解析：承接前一句“Doingyourhomeworkrightafteryougethome...endlesshoursofdistractions”可知，該空應是進一步說明回家后立刻做家庭作業(yè)的好處，故選F項。5．C解析：根據(jù)該段的主題句“Createaschedule”，并和后一句中的“Planout”和“assignment”形成呼應可知，此處表示在創(chuàng)建一個計劃時，要把所有的任務寫在一個清單上，故選C項。Ⅲ.語法填空NewYorkissamplingsomeofthedelicacies(佳肴)thatpopupintheoffice,eitherwhenstaffersreturnfromChina__1__whenthegoodiesarecookedrighthere.Therearetheannualholidayservingsofbaoziandjiaozianda__2__(various)oftreatscontainingbeanpaste.Theyallhaveuniquetastes.ThisweekIgottotrysomethingnew:gojiberries,also__3__(know)aswolfberries,alongwithcookie-typetreatsbasedonthebrightfruit.HuHe,oneofChinaDaily'swebsiteeditorscurrently__4__(work)inNewYork,gavemeandothercolleagueseachasupply__5__gojiberries.AndIenjoyedtheentirebottleinafewdays.Gojihasbeenregardedasa__6__(tradition)healthsupplementbyChinesepeople.Inrecentyears,thedemandforgojihasbeenrisingandwe__7__(see)increasingnumbersofbuyersfromoverseas.WhyamIgoingonaboutgojiberries?Itturnsoutthattheyhavemanyprettygoodhealth__8__(benefit):They