語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題3-形容詞副詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題3—形容詞副詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)形容詞用于修飾名詞或不定代詞，描述被修飾成分的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或?qū)傩缘?。Eg.

*Itseemsthathe’sakind-heartedguy.*TravelingaroundAfricaisfantastic.*Somethingawfulhappenedtoday.*Let’smakeourmotherlandstrong.(keep/leave/find/maken.+adj)

形容詞的類(lèi)型–ing形容詞(多屬于品質(zhì)形容詞)e.g.exciting,interesting,fascinating,pleasing,boring,encouraging,surprising,amusing,disappointing(這類(lèi)詞通常可用于形容詞比較級(jí))例外:由不及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的living,rising,只作定語(yǔ),不可用比較級(jí)2.–ed形容詞(具有被動(dòng)意義)e.g.excited,interested,fascinated,pleased,depressed,bored,surprised,amused,disappointed,tired,worried(這類(lèi)詞通?？捎糜谛稳菰~比較級(jí))注意:某些只能做表語(yǔ)的形容詞pleased,tired,touched,lost,dressed,3.合成形容詞.E.g.good-looking,kind-hearted,one-way,well-prepared,hard-working,time-wasting,twenty-year-old

形容詞的位置:多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)候的順序.與被修飾名詞關(guān)系越近的的形容詞越靠近該名詞.

品質(zhì)-顏色-類(lèi)別alittlewhitewoodenhouse品質(zhì)-大小/年歲-顏色-國(guó)家-分詞(名詞)abeautifulbigoldbrownFrenchhandmadecupboard

2.形容詞后置的情況.1)在something,anything,nothing,everything之后.2)作同位語(yǔ)時(shí).

e.g.Tiredandsad,thelittlebabyfellasleep.

3)與表示數(shù)量的詞組連用時(shí).

e.g.5yearsold,11meterstall/long/far

副詞:主要用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞或者全句，描述被修飾成分的特征或狀態(tài)。E.g.(作狀語(yǔ))ItsnowedheavilylastJanuary.(修飾動(dòng)詞,)IrecentlywenttoBerlinforameeting.(修飾動(dòng)詞)MissPerezspeaksFrenchfairlywell.(修飾形容詞)He’sdrivingverycarefully.(修飾副詞)

Normallywedon’thaveclassesonSundays.(修飾整句)(作表語(yǔ)---多數(shù)與介詞同型的副詞可作表語(yǔ))Heisoutforthemoment.Imustbeoffnow.Wewillbeabroadnextyear.(down,up,about,in,through,over,etc.)p.s.如何判斷是介詞還是副詞?帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)候則為介詞,否則為副詞.副詞:(作定語(yǔ))e.g.Ihopeyouenjoyyourstayhere.(修飾名詞)Theviewaroundisverybeautiful.(修飾名詞)Isthereanythingontonight?(修飾名詞)Followtheexampleabove,please.(修飾名詞)(構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,即固定搭配的短語(yǔ))e.g.putoff,puton,turnoff,makeup,giveup

副詞的類(lèi)型及其功能:1.時(shí)間副詞(表示發(fā)生時(shí)間,發(fā)生的頻繁程度以及其他.)e.g.IwasworkingforCISthen./Iwillseeyoulater.(justnow/ago/before/sofar/nowetc.always,rarely,frequently,continually,etc.)2.地點(diǎn)副詞(表示地點(diǎn)或者地區(qū)范圍)e.g.everywhere,upstairs,nationally,outside3.方式副詞(說(shuō)明行為的方式,包括一些情緒的副詞)e.g.quietly,badly,efficiently,sadly4.程度副詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞(表示“到達(dá)某種程度”,表示強(qiáng)調(diào))e.g.almost,quite,fairly,nearly,very5.疑問(wèn)副詞(引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句),連接副詞(從句或者不定式)和關(guān)系副詞(定語(yǔ)從句).e.g.how,where,when,why,which,how觀察下列各句，辨別括號(hào)中單詞的詞類(lèi)。1.Heisa(fast)worker.2.Heworksvery(fast.)3.That`sa(hard)mathproblem.4.Youhavetowork(hard)atyourlessons5.Ifeel(better)now.6.Heplaysfootball(better)thanI.7.Tomdraws(worse)thanhisbrother.8.Hewas(worse)thanhisbrother.9.Ofalltheboys,hereads(best.)10.Ofalltheboys,heisthe(best.)

11.Thatplaneflew(high)thatday.12.Thatplaneis(high)intheskynow.13.A(straight)lineistheshortestbetween2points.14.Stand(straight).15.Healwaysspeaksina(low)voice.16.Heisacleverbusinessman.Healwaysbuys(low)andsellshigh.17.Attheendofthestreet,thereisa(low)wall.18.Wedidn’tgo(far)becauseweknewthatfamousplacewastoo(far)away.19.Heisa(slow)boy.He`salways(slow)tomakeuphismind.Andheevenlikestotakea(slow)trainwhenhetravel.20.Pleasetellthedrivertogo(slower).21.The(last)timeIsawyouwasthelastSundayinJune.22.ShewasverywellwhenI(last)sawher.23.Thetrainwastenminutes(late).24.Hearrivedhome(late)lastnightandhegotuplatethismorning.25.Notmanypeoplewritewiththe(left)hand.26.Pleaseturn(left)now.1.一般在詞尾后加er或est.soon-sooner-soonestclever-cleverer-cleverest2.以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的形容詞副詞,先把“y”變?yōu)椤癷”,再加er或est.(形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞除外)angry-angrier-angriestbusy-busier-busiest3.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的形容詞，前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音時(shí),應(yīng)先寫(xiě)雙寫(xiě)這一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est.big-bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thinnestfat-fatter-fattestwet-wetter-wettesthot-hotter-hottestred-redder-reddest

形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成4.多音節(jié)詞和一些雙音節(jié)詞在該詞前加more/most變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)/最高級(jí)。(以ly結(jié)尾的副詞除early以及不規(guī)則變化外，也應(yīng)加more/most)Eg.interesting–more/mostinterestingcareful–more/mostcarefulslowly–more/mostslowlyuseful—moreuseful-themostuseful

例外:tired–more/themosttired以下兩種變化方式都可:friendly---friendlier,friendliest/more/themostfriendlyoften---oftener/oftenestmore/themostoftenglad,shy,fit,quiet…形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成不規(guī)則變化

good/well–better,bestbad/badly/ill–worse,worstmany/much–more,mostlittle–less,least

*

old–older,oldest

年長(zhǎng)的；老的；舊的

elder,eldest（親戚關(guān)系中）年長(zhǎng)的

*far–farther,farthest遠(yuǎn)的further,furthest

遠(yuǎn)的（有更加、進(jìn)一步的含義）有些形容詞沒(méi)有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。right/wrongfirst/lastpossible/impossibleexcellent/perfectempty/fulleast/west

形容詞或副詞各比較等級(jí)的基本用法1、原級(jí)：使用形容詞或副詞原形，表示A與B一樣（或不一樣）……。主要用于Aas/(notso)…asB結(jié)構(gòu)。Eg.1) Jimisas

tall

asMike. Jimisnotso

tall

asMike.2) Jimworksas

hard

asMike. Jimdoesn’tworkso

hard

asMike.2、比較級(jí)：使用形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)形式，表示A與B二者相比哪一個(gè)更……。主要用于A…thanB結(jié)構(gòu)。Eg.1) Jimistaller

thanMike.2)Jimworksharder

thanMike.

比較級(jí)用法擴(kuò)展1）比較級(jí)前面可以有much,even,far,still,abit,alittle,alot,等修飾語(yǔ),用以加深程度。

e.g.

Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.e.g.He’sfarclevererthanhisbrother.e.g.Eatabitmore,willyou?

2）比較級(jí)＋比較級(jí)，表示越來(lái)越……

hotterandhotter越來(lái)越熱