Unit2單元話題閱讀精練(閱讀理解15篇七選五5篇)(譯林版2020)(選擇性)

Unit2Outofthisworld(譯林版2020選擇性必修第三冊(cè))單元話題閱讀精練(閱讀理解15篇+七選五5篇)I.閱讀理解A(2024上·廣東東莞·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))Lifeinspacewillcertainlytakesomegettingusedto!Inatypicalworkday,crewmembersinthespacestationwillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals,and8.5hourssleeping.Herearesomeotherfunfactsaboutlifeaboardthestation:FoodSpacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.Inearlyspacemissions,astronautscouldeatonlyfreezedriedfood.Butnowthestationisequippedwithmicrowaveovensandrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetablesandicecream!SleepEachcrewmemberhasaprivateroom.Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway!Thatmightsoundlikeastrangewaytosleep,butastronautsfrompastspacemissionsreportthatsleepinginspaceisactuallyprettygreat!ExerciseExerciseisevenmoreimportantonthestationthanitisonEarth.Astronautsdon’tstandup,sitdownorwalkinspace,sotheirmusclesandbonesdon’thavetoworkmuch—andthismuscleandbonelosscanbedangerousbackonEarth.Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.ClothingAstronautswillhavetowearspecialspacesuitswhiletravellingaboardtheU.S.shuttleorRussianrockets.Butoncethey’resafeinsidethespacestation,crewmemberscanwearregularclothing.Ofcourse,aspeciallydesigned,pressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.PersonalCleanlinessBrushingyourteethcanbechallenginginaweightlessenvironment.Alittlewaterdoesn’tflowinastream.Astronautswilluseafreshwaterhose(軟管)totakeshowers,thenasecondvacuumhosetosuction(吸)offthedirtywater.1.Howmanyhoursdoesastronautskeepawakeinthespacestation?A.14hours. B.12hours. C.8.5hours. D.15.5hours.2.Whatdoastronautseataboardthespacestationnowadays?A.Morefreezedriedfood. B.MorelikefoodonEarth.C.Moreadjustastronauts’taste. D.Morefrozenfoodandicecream.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Astronautsbrushingteethcan’tbeachallenge.B.Astronautswearspecialspacesuitsinspacestation.C.Astronautstakesomemeasurestoguaranteedailylife.D.Astronauts’muscleshavetoworkmuchinspace.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要從飲食、睡眠、鍛煉、衣物和個(gè)人清潔幾個(gè)方面介紹了宇航員在空間站內(nèi)的生活。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inatypicalworkday,crewmembersinthespacestationwillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals,and8.5hourssleeping.(在一個(gè)典型的工作日，空間站的工作人員將花14個(gè)小時(shí)工作和鍛煉，1.5個(gè)小時(shí)準(zhǔn)備和吃飯，8.5個(gè)小時(shí)睡覺(jué)。)”可知，宇航員在空間站保持清醒的時(shí)間為14+1.5=15.5小時(shí)。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Spacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.(太空食物越來(lái)越好，越來(lái)越像我們?cè)诘厍蛏铣缘氖澄铩?”可知，如今，宇航員在空間站上吃的食物更像我們?cè)诘厍蛏铣缘?。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butnowthestationisequippedwithmicrowaveovensandrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetablesandicecream!(但現(xiàn)在空間站配備了微波爐和冰箱，讓宇航員可以吃到更多的“正?！笔澄铮ㄋ?、蔬菜和冰淇淋！)”、第三段“Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway!(沒(méi)有重力，他們需要把自己綁在床上，否則他們就會(huì)飄走！)”、第四段“Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.(為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，空間站上的宇航員每天將在自行車(chē)、劃船機(jī)和其他設(shè)備上鍛煉大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)。)”、第五段“Ofcourse,aspeciallydesigned,pressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.(當(dāng)然，太空行走需要特別設(shè)計(jì)的加壓太空服。)”可推知，在太空中宇航員們需要采取一些措施來(lái)保障日常生活。故選C。B(2024上·吉林長(zhǎng)春·高二長(zhǎng)春吉大附中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谀?AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.AspaceshipcarryingthecookingequipmentandothersupplieswaslaunchedonSaturdayfromtheWallopsFlightFacilityintheUnitedStates.Theshipment,weighing3,700kilograms,reachedthespacestationonMonday.Thegoalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.AmericanpanyNanoracksdesignedandbuilttheovenandhelpedwithorganizingtheflighttothespacestation.HiltonDoubleTreehotelssuppliedthecookiedough(生面團(tuán))theastronautswilluse.Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,fiatpieceofbreadknownasflatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrowninthespacestation.Resultshavebeenmixed.Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.Fiveunbakedcookieshavebeeninaspacestationfreezerforseveralweeks.Eachisinitsownindividualclearbagmadeoutofsilicone.Theovencanheatfoodstotemperaturesashighas177°C.ThatistwicethetemperatureoftheU.S.andRussianfoodwarmersonthespacestation.Theovenuseselectricheatingelements.MaryMurphyiswithNanoracks.Murphysayssheexpectsabakingtimeof15to20minutesforeachcookiewhentheovenisheatedtoabout163°C.Sheaddsthatthesmellofbakingcookiesshouldfillthespacestationeachtimeacookieesoutoftheoven.Theoven’sfirstusewillbetherealtest.Withouttheforceofgravity,theastronautsdonotknowexactlyhowthecookiewilllook.ThreeofthespacebakedcookiesaretobereturnedtoEarthfortesting.4.WhywerethecookingequipmentandothersuppliessenttoISS?A.TopromotetheproductsfromHiltonDoubleTreehotels.B.Tofindpossiblewaystomakefreshlybakedcookiesthere.C.Totesttheequipment’scookingefficiencyforofbakingcookies.D.Todiscoverthepotentialofmakingbreadbyusingaspecialdough.5.WhatcanwelearnfromthefoodsastronautsatepreviouslyonISS?A.Theymustbeheatedtoover177℃.B.Theywerenodifferentfromthoseontheearth.C.Allthefoodswerebroughtwiththemfromtheearth.D.NotalltheplantingexperimentsonISSweresuccessful.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethenewoventest?A.Environmentalfriendly. B.Energyefficient.C.Farreaching. D.Timeconsuming.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AnewlyinventedcookeriswidelyusedonISS.B.AnewovenistobetestedtomakecookiesonISS.C.DessertloverswillsoonenjoycookiesingfromISS.D.AstronautshavefoundcreativewaystomakefoodonISS.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。一艘載有新烤箱和其他物資的宇宙飛船星期六從美國(guó)的瓦勒普斯飛行基地發(fā)射升空，宇航員將在國(guó)際空間站測(cè)試這種新烤箱，其目的是探索為太空旅行者制作新鮮出爐的餅干的可能性。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thegoalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.(目標(biāo)是探索為太空旅行者制作新鮮出爐的餅干的可能性。)”可知，將這款烹飪?cè)O(shè)備和其他用品送入國(guó)際空間站是為了尋找在那里制作新鮮出爐的餅干的方法。故選B。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,fiatpieceofbreadknownasflatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrowninthespacestation.(過(guò)去，空間站工作人員用一種薄而扁平的面包制作了自己的披薩，這種面包被稱(chēng)為扁平面包。宇航員們嘗試了其他創(chuàng)造性的食物制作方法，比如用空間站種植的蔬菜制作沙拉。)”可知，在空間站，工作人員用自己的方式制作了披薩，并嘗試了創(chuàng)造性的食物制作方法，比如沙拉，由此可推測(cè)出，披薩、沙拉等食物與地球上的食物沒(méi)有什么不同。故選B。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.(烤餅干的過(guò)程會(huì)很慢?？鞠湟淮沃荒芗訜嵋粔K餅干。測(cè)試可能需要數(shù)周時(shí)間，宇航員才有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新鮮出爐的餅干。)”可推測(cè)出，這款新烤箱測(cè)試將會(huì)很耗時(shí)。故選D。7.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段第一句“AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.(國(guó)際空間站的宇航員將很快測(cè)試一種用于制作巧克力碎片曲奇的新烤箱。)”引出主題，即一款新型烤箱將在國(guó)際空間站進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以便制作餅干。故選B。C(2024上·四川宜賓·高二統(tǒng)考期末)China’sspacemedicineexpertshavestartedplanningtosetupa“spacehospital”toserveastronauts,accordingtoDuJichen,aleadingscientistandpresidentoftheAerospaceCenterHospitalinBeijing.“Wearecarryingoutextensiveresearch,experimentsandtestsonthegroundtoadvancethefirstworkonaspacehospitalthatcanbefixedinsideamannedspacecraftlikeourspacestation.Thepurposeofthisprojectisthatitwillenableourspaceexplorerstotraveldeeperandstayhealthyduringtheirjourney,”saidDu.“Theresearch,designandconstructionofsuchaspacebasedclinicwillalsohelptoleadthedevelopmentofourcountry’smedicaltechnologyandhardware,thuspromotingtheentiremedicalandhealthcaresectors,”Dusaid.Chinesespacemedicineexpertshavebeendiscussingasustainableapproachtokeepastronautsfitandtreatpossiblehealthconditionsinlengthyspaceflights.“Amainstreamideaisthatwecanplaceasmall‘medicalplex’insidethespacestationorotherspacecraftthatcanmeetthebasicneedsofdiagnosisandtreatment,”thescientistsaid.Dusaidthatwiththemedicalfacility,astronautswillbeabletouseselfexaminationinstrumentstomakeadiagnosisiftheydonotfeelwell,andthencantaketimelymedicalmeasures.Currently,medicalsupportforastronautsmostlyreliesondoctorsontheground.Thebiggestchallengeinthisprogramisthatengineersmustfigureouthowtopackmedicaldevicesintoaverylimitedspace,Dusaid,addingthattheyneedtoupgradecurrenttechnologiesanduseinterdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科)teamworktoachievethisgoal.MedicalscientistsandengineershaveconductedagreatdealofresearchtoprepareChineseastronautsforthemissions,Dusaid.Theyhavefocusedontheimpactonastronauts’healthduringlongtermspacemissions,aswellasinvestigatinghowthespecialenvironmentinsidethespacestation,especiallyitsweightlessness,willaffectastronauts’health,particularlytheircerebralfunctions.8.Whatdoesthe“spacehospital”aimtodo?A.Trainastronautsinspace. B.Keepastronautshealthyinspace.C.Ensurethesafetyofspaceexplorers. D.Helptocarryoutmoreexperiments.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Thespacehospitalwillimproveastronauts’medicalconditions.B.Themedical&healthcaresystemneedstobeupdated.C.Longflightsnevercausehealthproblemsforastronauts.D.Astronautscangettimelymedicaltreatments.10.Whatisthehardestfortheproject“spacehospital”?A.Howtoexamineandtreatastronauts. B.Howtoadvancemedicaltechnologies.C.Howtobinemanysubjectstogether. D.Howtofitmedicalequipmenttoalimitedspace.11.Whichmayaffectastronauts’healthfromthelastparagraph?A.Spacecrafts. B.Doctors. C.Weightlessness. D.Spaceflights.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的太空醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始計(jì)劃建立一個(gè)“太空醫(yī)院”，為宇航員提供服務(wù)。這一項(xiàng)目旨在保持宇航員在太空中的健康，還指出了項(xiàng)目存在的挑戰(zhàn)。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thepurposeofthisprojectisthatitwillenableourspaceexplorerstotraveldeeperandstayhealthyduringtheirjourney(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是使我們的太空探險(xiǎn)者能夠深入太空并在旅途中保持健康)”可知，“太空醫(yī)院”的目的是保持宇航員在太空中的健康。故選B。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Dusaidthatwiththemedicalfacility,astronautswillbeabletouseselfexaminationinstrumentstomakeadiagnosisiftheydonotfeelwell,andthencantaketimelymedicalmeasures.Currently,medicalsupportforastronautsmostlyreliesondoctorsontheground.(杜說(shuō)，有了醫(yī)療設(shè)施，宇航員將能夠使用自檢儀器進(jìn)行診斷，如果他們感覺(jué)不舒服，然后可以及時(shí)采取醫(yī)療措施。目前，對(duì)宇航員的醫(yī)療支持主要依賴(lài)于地面醫(yī)生)”可推知，太空醫(yī)院將改善宇航員的醫(yī)療條件。故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thebiggestchallengeinthisprogramisthatengineersmustfigureouthowtopackmedicaldevicesintoaverylimitedspace,Dusaid,addingthattheyneedtoupgradecurrenttechnologiesanduseinterdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科)teamworktoachievethisgoal.(杜說(shuō)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最大的挑戰(zhàn)是工程師必須弄清楚如何將醫(yī)療設(shè)備打包到一個(gè)非常有限的空間里，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他們需要升級(jí)現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，并利用跨學(xué)科的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))”可知，“太空醫(yī)院”項(xiàng)目最困難的是如何在有限的空間內(nèi)安裝醫(yī)療設(shè)備。故選D。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theyhavefocusedontheimpactonastronauts’healthduringlongtermspacemissions,aswellasinvestigatinghowthespecialenvironmentinsidethespacestation,especiallyitsweightlessness,willaffectastronauts’health,particularlytheircerebralfunctions.(他們專(zhuān)注于長(zhǎng)期太空任務(wù)對(duì)宇航員健康的影響，以及調(diào)查空間站內(nèi)的特殊環(huán)境，特別是失重環(huán)境，將如何影響宇航員的健康，特別是他們的大腦功能)”可知，失重狀態(tài)會(huì)影響宇航員的健康。故選C。D(2024上·重慶·高二校聯(lián)考期末)Besides“wow”and“great”,whatelsewouldyousaywhenflyingovertheEarthinspace?SamanthaCristoforetti,thefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesepositiononTwittertoshareherjoy.ShefirstwroteinChinese,andthenattachedanaccuratetranslationofthelinesinbothItalianandEnglishtohelpmorepeopleunderstand.“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,andindeed,thisistruehappiness,”itsays.TwodaysbeforeshelandedonEarth,thebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonherTwitteraccount.Beforelong,herpostswentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandreplies.ThetextshequotedisfromthePrefacetoPoemsposedattheOrchidPavilion,aChinesecalligraphymasterpiecebyWangXizhi(303361)oftheEasternJinDynasty(317420).ShealsoattachedthreephotostakeninspaceofChina’sBohaiBayandthedaynightviewofBeijing.“Thepoemandviewsarebothmagnificentaswellashealing.Ifeveryonecouldenjoythesamesight,alotofpainintheworldwouldbe‘dissipated’,”oneuserments.AsthefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,CristoforetticarriedoutherfirstspacemissiononNov23,2014.In2022,shestartedthesecondmissioninAprilandreturnedtoEarthonFridaynightaftera127daystayinorbit.CristoforettihasalsobeenactiveinSinoEuropeancooperationinthefieldofmannedspaceflight.ShewasaworkinggroupmemberwithChinesecounterpartstodefineandimplementcooperationinthefieldofastronautoperations.Whennottravelingforwork,sheisaneagerreaderandhasagreatpassionforlanguages.SpeakingclearChinese,CristoforettioncetoldthemediathattheteamsfromChinaandEuropewereworkingverywelltogetherinthefieldofastronauttraining.12.WhatistheresultofCristoforetti’spostonline?A.Thebirthofamasterpiece.B.Atrendofjourneytospace.C.AninstanthotissueonTwitter.D.Differenttranslationsofthelines.13.Whichwordbelowcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“dissipated”inParagraph3?A.Relieved. B.Caused.C.Increased. D.Recognized.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Cristoforetti’sdevotiontohercareer.B.Cristoforetti’slanguagelearningstrategies.C.TheleadershipCristoforettiplaysinherteam.D.ThepossiblemotivationforCristoforetti’spost.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AfemaleastronautbeesonlinestarB.AChinesepoemgetspopularabroadC.LiteratureconveysthebeautyofspaceD.AnItalianastronautpromotesSinoEuropeancooperation【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了一位意大利女性宇航員將中國(guó)一首詩(shī)歌放在網(wǎng)上，得到眾多網(wǎng)友的喜愛(ài)和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TwodaysbeforeshelandedonEarth,thebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonherTwitteraccount.Beforelong,herpostswentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandreplies.(在她登陸地球的前兩天，太空之美和中國(guó)文學(xué)在她的推特賬戶(hù)上引起了共鳴。不久，她的帖子就在推特上瘋傳，被轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、點(diǎn)贊和回復(fù)了數(shù)千次)”可知，Cristoforetti在推特上的帖子立即成為熱門(mén)話題。故選C項(xiàng)。13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thepoemandviewsarebothmagnificentaswellashealing.(這首詩(shī)和風(fēng)景既壯麗又治愈)”可知，這首詩(shī)和風(fēng)景很治愈，所以如果每個(gè)人都能欣賞到同樣的景象，那么世界上的許多痛苦就會(huì)“緩解”。由此可知，劃線詞dissipated與relieved“緩解，治愈”意思接近。故選A項(xiàng)。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whennottravelingforwork,sheisaneagerreaderandhasagreatpassionforlanguages.SpeakingclearChinese,CristoforettioncetoldthemediathattheteamsfromChinaandEuropewereworkingverywelltogetherinthefieldofastronauttraining.(在不出差的時(shí)候，她熱衷于閱讀，對(duì)語(yǔ)言有著極大的熱情?？死锼雇懈ダ椎僭靡豢诹骼闹形母嬖V媒體，中國(guó)和歐洲的團(tuán)隊(duì)在宇航員訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域合作得非常好)”可知，克里斯托弗雷蒂和中國(guó)的宇航員合作的很好，而且是一個(gè)熱衷閱讀的語(yǔ)言愛(ài)好者。由此推知，這也許就是她發(fā)這個(gè)帖子的初衷。故選D項(xiàng)。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“SamanthaCristoforetti,thefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesepositiononTwittertoshareherjoy.(第一位進(jìn)入太空的意大利女宇航員薩曼莎·克里斯托弗雷蒂在推特上發(fā)布了幾行中國(guó)古代名曲來(lái)分享她的喜悅)”及下文陳述可知，文章主要講述了一位意大利女性宇航員將中國(guó)一首詩(shī)歌放在網(wǎng)上，得到眾多網(wǎng)友的喜愛(ài)和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。由此可知，Afemaleastronautbeesonlinestar(一名女宇航員變成網(wǎng)絡(luò)明星)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。E(2023上·黑龍江雞西·高二密山市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末)AstronautNeillArmstrong,thefirstmanonthemoon,passedawayat82.HemandedtheApollo11spacecraftthatlandedonthemoononJuly20,1969,andhasbeenbestrememberedbysaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.ArmstrongwasbornAug5,1930,onafarminwesternOhio.Hetookhisfirstairplanerideattheageof6anddevelopedaninterestinaviation(航空)thatpushedhimtobuildmodelairplanesandconductexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.Asaboy,hetookflyinglessonsandwaslicensedtoflyat16,beforehegothisdriver’slicense.ArmstrongenrolledinPurdueUniversitytostudyaircraftengineeringbutwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavyin1949andflew78fighttasks.ArmstrongwasacceptedintoNASA’sastronautclassin1962.HewasasupportmanderfortheApollo8taskin1968.Inthatflight,manderFrankBorman,JimLovellandBiIIAnderscircledthemoon10times,andgotreadyforthemoonlandingsevenmonthslater.OnJuly20,1969,anestimated600millionpeople—afifthoftheworld’spopulationwatchedandlistenedtothelanding,thelargestaudienceforanysingleeventinhistory.Parentscrowdedwiththeirchildreninfrontofthefamilytelevision.absorbedbywhattheywerewitnessing.Farmersgaveuptheirdutiesatnight,anddriverspulledoffthehighwayandcheckedintohotelsjusttoseethemoonwalk.TelevisionlesstravelersinCaliforniarantotheircarstocatchthewordontheradio.Afterward,peoplewalkedoutoftheirhomesandstaredatthemoon,inaweofwhattheyhadjustseen.Otherswatchedthroughtelescopesinhopesofspottingtheastronauts.“Icanhonestlysayandit’sabigsurprisetomethatIhaveneverhadadreamaboutbeingonthemoon.”heoncesaid.ArmstrongmarriedCarolKnightin1994,andthecouplelivedquietlyinIndianHill,aCincinnatisuburb.Hehadtwoadultsonsfromapreviousmarriage.16.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducethefirstmantolandonthemoon.B.TotellpeopleApollo11landedonthemoononJuly20,1969.C.Toillustrateanestimated600millionpeoplewitnessedtheeventinhistory.D.Toexplainthesaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.17.Whathappenedbetween1949and1969?A.Armstrongcircledthemoon10times.B.ArmstrongwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavy.C.ArmstronggavelecturesinNASA’sastronautclass.D.Armstrongconductedexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.18.Howdidpeoplefeelwhenwatchingandlisteningtothelanding?A.Surprised. B.Astonished. C.Disappointed. D.Overjoyed.19.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Armstronggothisdriver’slicenseat16.B.Armstrongtookhisfirstairplanerideataveryyoungage.C.Armstronghadachildhooddreamaboutbeingonthemoon.D.ArmstrongmarriedCarolin1994andthenhadtwosons.【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了第一個(gè)登上月球的宇航員尼爾·阿姆斯特朗的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及成就。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AstronautNeillArmstrong,thefirstmanonthemoon,passedawayat82.HemandedtheApollo11spacecraftthatlandedonthemoononJuly20,1969,andhasbeenbestrememberedbysaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.(第一個(gè)登上月球的宇航員尼爾·阿姆斯特朗去世，享年82歲。1969年7月20日，他指揮阿波羅11號(hào)宇宙飛船在月球上著陸，他最令人難忘的名言是:“這是我個(gè)人的一小步，卻是人類(lèi)的一大步?！?”可推知，文章的目的是介紹第一個(gè)登上月球的人。故選A。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ArmstrongenrolledinPurdueUniversitytostudyaircraftengineeringbutwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavyin1949andflew78fighttasks.ArmstrongwasacceptedintoNASA’sastronautclassin1962.HewasasupportmanderfortheApollo8taskin1968.(阿姆斯特朗進(jìn)入普渡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)飛機(jī)工程，但在1949年被征召到美國(guó)海軍工作，并執(zhí)行了78次戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)。1962年，阿姆斯特朗進(jìn)入了美國(guó)宇航局的宇航員班。他是1968年阿波羅8號(hào)任務(wù)的支援指揮官)”以及第四段“OnJuly20,1969,anestimated600millionpeople—afifthoftheworld’spopulationwatchedandlistenedtothelanding,thelargestaudienceforanysingleeventinhistory.(1969年7月20日，估計(jì)有6億人——占世界人口的五分之一——觀看和收聽(tīng)了這次著陸，這是歷史上觀看人數(shù)最多的一次)”可知，1949年到1969年間，阿姆斯特朗被召去為美國(guó)海軍工作。故選B。18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Parentscrowdedwiththeirchildreninfrontofthefamilytelevision.absorbedbywhattheywerewitnessing.Farmersgaveuptheirdutiesatnight,anddriverspulledoffthehighwayandcheckedintohotelsjusttoseethemoonwalk.TelevisionlesstravelersinCaliforniarantotheircarstocatchthewordontheradio.Afterward,peoplewalkedoutoftheirhomesandstaredatthemoon,inaweofwhattheyhadjustseen.Otherswatchedthroughtelescopesinhopesofspottingtheastronauts.(父母帶著孩子擠在家里的電視機(jī)前。被他們所目睹的一切所吸引。農(nóng)民們?cè)谕砩戏艞壛怂麄兊墓ぷ鳎緳C(jī)們把車(chē)停在高速公路上，住進(jìn)酒店，只是為了看一看太空步。在加州，沒(méi)有電視的旅行者跑到他們的車(chē)?yán)锶ヂ?tīng)收音機(jī)里的消息。之后，人們走出家門(mén)，凝視著月亮，對(duì)他們剛剛看到的感到敬畏。其他人則通過(guò)望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀看，希望能看到宇航員)”可推知，人們?cè)谟^看和收聽(tīng)飛船著陸時(shí)感到歡喜。故選D。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hetookhisfirstairplanerideattheageof6anddevelopedaninterestinaviation(航空)thatpushedhimtobuildmodelairplanesandconductexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.(6歲時(shí)，他第一次乘坐飛機(jī)，并對(duì)航空產(chǎn)生了興趣，這促使他制作飛機(jī)模型，并在自制的風(fēng)洞中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn))”可知，阿姆斯特朗在很小的時(shí)候第一次坐飛機(jī)。故選B。F(2023上·湖南張家界·高二慈利縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))NASAisplanningtosendarobotcalledMIRAtotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)by2024.ItscreatorsclaimthatMIRAiscapableofperformingoperationsonitsownandifrequired,itcanalsobecontrolledremotely.SuchadevicecouldallowdoctorsonEarthtoperformoperationsonastronautsinspacewhilecontrollingthedeviceremotely.However,beforeperformingsurgical(外科的)operationsonhumans,MIRAwillhavetopassseveraltestsontheISSinvolvingnonlivingobjects.ThesetestswillhelpMIRAlearntoperformsurgeriesinlowgravityconditions,whichcanbequiteachallenge.Itisbelievedthatinthefuture,MIRAcouldplayanimportantroleinhelpingoutastronautswhofacemedicalemergenciesonthemoonandMarsorduringlongdistancespacetravel.ThejourneyfromtheISStoEarthcanbepletedinsixhours.ConsideringthealreadyavailablemedicinesandsuppliesontheISS,thismaysoundlikeamanageabledurationformanyofthemedicalemergencycasesoccurringthere.However,ifanastronautrequiresimmediatemedicalsupportonadistantplanetlikeMars,heorshewillprobablydiebythetimehelparrives.Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.MIRAcouldachievethisgoalasitcanberemotelycontrolledinouterspacebyasurgeononEarth.Forexample,ifanastronautfacesbothnerve(神經(jīng))andboneinjuryonMars,aneurosurgeonandanorthopedicsurgeononEarthcanperformsurgeriesremotelyontheinjuredastronautusingMIRA.ButtherobotsurgeoncouldbeveryusefulhereonEarthaswell.AfterreceivingsafetyapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration,intheingyears,wemightseedoctorsusingthisrobottoperformsurgeriesremotelyonEarth.Thisremarkabledevicecouldmakeplicated(復(fù)雜的)surgeriespracticalinevenremoteandruralareas,wheretherecouldbeashortageofdoctors.20.WhatisMIRAdesignedfor?A.Carryingoutoperationsinanemergency.B.Documentingdailyactivitiesdonebyastronauts.C.EnsuringsufficientmedicinesandsuppliesontheISS.D.Improvingthefunctioningofspaceoperationequipment.21.WhatshouldbedonebeforeMIRA’sofficialuse?A.MIRAdoingtestsonanimalsinlowgravityconditions.B.ScientistsbringingdownthecostofsendingMIRAintospace.C.MIRAhelpingoutastronautswithmedicalneedsonthemoon.D.ScientistsconductingMIRAexperimentsonlifelessobjectsontheISS.22.WhyisdevelopingMIRAnecessary?A.Itofferslifesupportwhenhelparrives.B.Itoffersuptodatemedicalequipmentforspacetravel.C.Itprovideslifesavingassistanceforastronautsonremoteplanets.D.Itincreasesthemanageabledurationformanymedicalemergencies.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisgoal”inparagraph4referto?A.TakingremotecontrolfromEarth. B.Sendingallkindsofdoctorsintospace.C.Makingsurgeriespracticalinruralareas. D.Dealingwithdifferenttypesofmedicalemergencies.【答案】20.A21.D22.C23.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了國(guó)際空間站(ISS)上將安裝一款名為MIRA的機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人具備在太空中進(jìn)行手術(shù)的能力，并可以由地球上的醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)程控制。20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“NASAisplanningtosendarobotcalledMIRAtotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)by2024.ItscreatorsclaimthatMIRAiscapableofperformingoperationsonitsownandifrequired,itcanalsobecontrolledremotely.SuchadevicecouldallowdoctorsonEarthtoperformoperationsonastronautsinspacewhilecontrollingthedeviceremotely.(美國(guó)宇航局計(jì)劃在2024年之前將一個(gè)名為MIRA的機(jī)器人送入國(guó)際空間站(ISS)。它的創(chuàng)造者聲稱(chēng)，MIRA能夠自己執(zhí)行操作，如果需要，它也可以遠(yuǎn)程控制。這樣的設(shè)備可以讓地球上的醫(yī)生在遠(yuǎn)程控制設(shè)備的同時(shí)為太空中的宇航員進(jìn)行手術(shù)。)”可知，MIRA能夠自己執(zhí)行操作，如果需要，它也可以遠(yuǎn)程控制。這樣的設(shè)備可以讓地球上的醫(yī)生在遠(yuǎn)程控制設(shè)備的同時(shí)為太空中的宇航員進(jìn)行手術(shù)。故選A。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,beforeperformingsurgical(外科的)operationsonhumans,MIRAwillhavetopassseveraltestsontheISSinvolvingnonlivingobjects.ThesetestswillhelpMIRAlearntoperformsurgeriesinlowgravityconditions,whichcanbequiteachallenge.(然而，在對(duì)人類(lèi)進(jìn)行外科手術(shù)之前，MIRA必須在國(guó)際空間站上通過(guò)幾項(xiàng)涉及非生命物體的測(cè)試。這些測(cè)試將幫助MIRA學(xué)會(huì)在低重力條件下進(jìn)行手術(shù)，這可能是相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，在MIRA正式使用前，MIRA必須在國(guó)際空間站上通過(guò)幾項(xiàng)涉及非生命物體的測(cè)試。故選D。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,ifanastronautrequiresimmediatemedicalsupportonadistantplanetlikeMars,heorshewillprobablydiebythetimehelparrives.(然而，如果宇航員在像火星這樣遙遠(yuǎn)的星球上需要立即醫(yī)療支持，他或她可能會(huì)在救援到來(lái)之前死亡。)”以及第四段“Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.(顯然，把各種各樣的醫(yī)生和宇航員一起送到太空是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。因此，處理醫(yī)療緊急情況的最佳策略是擁有一個(gè)可以進(jìn)行各種手術(shù)的機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生。)”可知，MIRA可以為遙遠(yuǎn)的星球上的宇航員提供救生救援。故選C。23.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句“Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.MIRAcouldachievethisgoalasitcanberemotelycontrolledinouterspacebyasurgeononEarth.(顯然，把各種各樣的醫(yī)生和宇航員一起送到太空是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。因此，處理醫(yī)療緊急情況的最佳策略是擁有一個(gè)可以進(jìn)行各種手術(shù)的機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生。)”可知，這個(gè)目標(biāo)指的是在太空中處理不同類(lèi)型的醫(yī)療緊急情況。故選D。G(2023上·安徽黃山·高二屯溪一中校考階段練習(xí))Arecentsurveyfoundchildrenwouldratherbeonlineinfluencersthanastronauts.Itmadeheadlinesandledtoplentyofplaintsabout“kidsthesedays”.Isinfluencingapromisingcareerpath?Thelifestylesweseeadvertisedonsocialmediaareenticing,butundertheshiningappearancelieuncertainine,payinequality,disabilityandmentalhealthissues.Successfulinfluencerswillbethefirsttoclaimthatanyonecanmakeitintheindustry.However,socialmediaeconomyexpertsuncoveredahugeinegapbetweensuccessfulinfluencersandeveryoneelse.Formostpeopletryingtobeeaninfluencer,theirpassionprojectsofcontentcreationoftenbeefreeworkforbrands.Mo