高考英語語法填空及完形填空考點(diǎn)清單

高考語法填空及完形填空考點(diǎn)清單一、名詞：1.特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù):childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,sheepsheep,speciesspecies,stomachstomachs,deerdeer,goosegeese,oxoxen,ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,phenomenonphenomena,meansmeans,seriesseries,crisiscrises,basisbases,GermanGermans,AustralianAustralians2.不可數(shù)名詞:advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress,traffic3.可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同:

arm手臂,arms武器;good好處,goods貨物;green綠色,greens蔬菜;paper紙,papers論文;sand沙,sands沙灘;time時(shí)間,times時(shí)代;water水,waters水域;wood木材,woods森林;work工作,works著作;experience經(jīng)驗(yàn),experiences經(jīng)歷;room空間,rooms房間;exercise鍛煉,exercises練習(xí)4.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings,scissors,glasses,wages工資；riches財(cái)富；surroundings環(huán)境；ashes灰塵；passes圓規(guī)5.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的名詞：plastics,news,politics,physics,mathematics6.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:girlfriends,boystudents,womenteachers,menworkers,passersby,gobetweens,grownups7.謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞:

police,cattle,clothes,goods8.抽象名詞具體化為可數(shù)名詞：surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honor,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,danger,interest9.輔音字母+o結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)加es的名詞：tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,heroheroes10.變“f”或“fe”為“v”之后再加es為復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：wifewives,lifelives,knifeknives,wolfwolves,selfselves,leafleaves,shelfshelves,thiefthieves11.特殊注意的名詞:

people(民族,人);nature(自然,特性);man(男人,人類)，youth(年輕人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配:

congratulations祝賀;havewordswithsb.同某人吵架;inhighspirits以很高熱情地;giveone’sregardstosb.向某人問侯;inrags衣衫破爛;Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有禮貌做某事二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：1.?？紕?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：(1)三個(gè)一般：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去式、一般將來時(shí)；(2)三個(gè)現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；(3)三個(gè)過去：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always,allthetime,forever,constantly,continuously等詞連用，往往表贊揚(yáng)、埋怨、氣憤或厭惡等情緒。Heisalwaysthinkingofhisstudy.(稱贊)Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes.(批評(píng))3.某些表動(dòng)向和起始的動(dòng)詞begin,e,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,sail等，當(dāng)其表一個(gè)按計(jì)劃、安排下必將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)(這時(shí)都有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間狀語)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。IleaveforDaliannextSunday.4.在時(shí)間、真實(shí)條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，顯得更確定)Whenheesback,we'llgoshoppingtogether.5.不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞如have,own,belongto等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound,remain等后面接形容詞時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)break,burn,cook,cut,drive,eat,iron,keep,play,sell,last,open,shut,wear,wash,write,translate,print,run,read,operate等詞帶狀語修飾語well,easily,poorly等時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。(4)當(dāng)breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。(5)want,require,need,deserve后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。(6)beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(7)在“be+形容詞+todo”中，(常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：difficult,easy,hard,interesting,pleasant,nice,bitter,fit,dangerous,light,heavy,important等)不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。(8)某些不定式：toblame,toseek,tolet,torent等與be連用時(shí)Thehouseistolet.這房子要出租。(9)常見的不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語有：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。7.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況(1)beseated坐著。如：Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。(2)behidden躲藏。如：Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在門后。(3)belost迷路。如：Unsavedchangeswillbelost.未保存的更改將丟失。(4)bedrunk喝醉。如：Hemustbedrunk,orelseheismad.他準(zhǔn)是醉了，不然就是瘋了。(5)bedressed穿著。如：Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。注意：bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等都屬于被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的情況。8.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)，作補(bǔ)語的不定式前需用to。如:Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss).9.短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿丟掉后面的介詞。如：Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和begoingto,beto,besureto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。11.表被動(dòng)意義的介詞短語underexamination在審查中,underdiscussion在討論中,underrepair維修中,beyondbelief難以置信,beyondone’scontrol失控,beyondone’sreach鞭長(zhǎng)莫及/夠不著,forsale出售,forrent出租,inprint印刷中,insight看得見,inuse在使用中,outofcontrol控制不了,outoffashion不流行,onsale銷售中,onshow在展出中,inthechargeof受制于,undertheleadershipof在……的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下等。12.“with+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。Withnothingtodo,Ifeelbored.三、非謂語動(dòng)詞1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式：一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動(dòng)to

doto

havedoneto

bedoing被動(dòng)to

bedoneto

havebeendoneto

havebeendoinging形式主動(dòng)doinghaving

done被動(dòng)being

donehaving

beendone過去分詞被動(dòng)done2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式:

在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for/ofsb.todosth.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：代詞賓格或名詞所有格+doing(ing形式作主語時(shí),用代詞主格或名詞所有格＋doing)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：代詞主格或名詞+doing/done(句中作狀語表時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式等)4.非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟(1)判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞;(2)找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語;(3)判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;(4)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前且表被動(dòng)關(guān)系常用done;之后且表主動(dòng)關(guān)系常用todo;同時(shí)且表主動(dòng)關(guān)系常用doing.5.不定式符號(hào)to的保留問題有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try；或出現(xiàn)在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be,have,havebeen這些詞要保留。6.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)注意:下面兩個(gè)句子的含義的不同Thereisnothingtodo.(無事可做，感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。)7.動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.如：Itis/wasuseless如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。注意:若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。8.分詞作狀語

分詞作狀語時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致,可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如：Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(時(shí)間)

Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(時(shí)間)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(條件)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(結(jié)果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(讓步)Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(伴隨狀況)

9.獨(dú)立成分有些分詞短語,其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有,Generallyspeaking…一般說來;Franklyspeaking…坦白地說;Judgingfrom…根據(jù)……來判斷;Considering…考慮到……;Totellyouthetruth…說實(shí)話;10.不定式作表語在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove/turnout(被證明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等連系動(dòng)詞后,可用不定式作表語。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.11.動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but,otherthan后面時(shí),如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如:Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.

Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.四、形容詞1.不規(guī)則形容詞與副詞：far,late,old,bad,ill,many,much,good,well,little2.只修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：few,afew,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof…3.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：little,alittle,much,alargeamountof,agreat/gooddealof…4.可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可修飾的有：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof5.beveryimportant=beofgreatimportance6.只作表語的形容詞：abroad國外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,fond喜歡的7.習(xí)慣后置的形容詞:

enough充足的,included包括的,present出席的,left剩下的,involved有關(guān)的,abroad國外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,deep深的,long長(zhǎng)的,high高的,thick厚的,old老的,thin薄的,wide寬的,narrow窄的,junior年少的,senior年長(zhǎng)的8.形似副詞的形容詞friendly,manly,womanly,brotherly,sisterly,wifely,radely,husbandly,timely,hourly,daily,weekly,yearly,monthly,quarterly,early,silly,ugly,lovely,likely,lively,lonely,sickly,homely,worldly五、副詞1.有無ly意思不同的副詞wide寬的,widely廣泛地;

deep深的,deeply深刻地;

high高的,highly高度地;

direct直接地,directly立刻;close親近的,closely緊密地;

near附近,nearly幾乎;

hard難,hardly幾乎不;

most大多數(shù),mostly主要地;dear可愛,dearly非常;

late遲,lately最近;

bad壞,badly非常;

low低的,lowly卑賤地;fine很好地,finely細(xì)微地;

easy小心,easily容易地;sharp恰好,sharply急劇地;

pretty相當(dāng),prettily漂亮地2.形容詞變副詞時(shí)的拼寫變化particularparticularly特別的,beautifulbeautifully美麗的,possiblepossibly可能的,truetruly真實(shí)的,fullfully滿的,scientificscientifically科學(xué)的,easyeasily容易的,goodwell好的3.無比較等級(jí)的形容詞或副詞alive,asleep,aloud,awake,foreign,main,final,junior,plete,double,square,correct,enough,fearless,alone,total,empty,right,wrong,impossible,favourite,excellent,last,perfect,whole,superior(優(yōu)越),inferior(較劣的),unique(唯一的),wooden(木制的),senior(高級(jí)的)六、代詞1.不定代詞:all,any,none,both,either,neither;other,another;some,any;little,few;something,anything,nothing,somebody,one,anybody/one,nobody,noone等2.替代詞:it,one,ones,that,those3.習(xí)慣接oneself的動(dòng)詞:

abandon放棄,absent...from缺席,amuse娛樂,apply應(yīng)用,carry攜帶,mit提交,concern關(guān)注,conduct表現(xiàn),content使?jié)M足,devote奉獻(xiàn),dress穿衣,enjoy享受,excuse借口,feel感覺,forget忘記,help幫助,hurt傷害,lose…in使沉溺于,prideupon以自豪,shave刮胡子,suggest建議,value...on重視…4.相互代詞：eachother,oneanother5.指示代詞：this,that,these,those,such,same6.復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞所修飾時(shí)，形容詞須放在它們的后面。如：nothingwrong沒有毛病7.whatever,whoever,whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句。8.this和that有時(shí)作狀語用，表示"程度"，意謂"這么"和"那么"。如：thisthick這么厚,thatmuch那么多9.少數(shù)前有冠詞的代詞。theother,theothers,afew,alittle10.常用于“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞advise建議,answer回答,ask問,beg乞求,consider考慮,convince說服,decide決定,discover發(fā)現(xiàn),doubt懷疑,explain解釋,find找到,forget忘記,guess猜,hear聽到,imagine想,know知道,learn學(xué)習(xí),persuade說服,pray祈禱,promise承諾,remember記得,remind提醒,see看到,show顯示,suggest建議,teach教,tell告訴,think認(rèn)為,unders