高中人教版英語必修四練習(xí)Unit3LearningaboutLanguage

Unit3LearningaboutLanguage語法精講·探究學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞ing形式作表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,并指出其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining(entertain). (賓語補(bǔ)足語)2.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming(charm)character,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld. (定語)3.Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalking(walk)stick.(定語)4.Theactingissoconvincing(convince)thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted. (表語)一、動(dòng)詞ing形式在句中作表語1.作表語的動(dòng)詞ing所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性,用于對(duì)主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明,可表示抽象或習(xí)慣上的動(dòng)作,且主語和表語可以換位。*Oneofhisweaknessesistellinglies.=Tellingliesisoneofhisweaknesses.他的缺點(diǎn)之一就是撒謊。*Myjobisdeliveringmilkfromdoortodooreverymorning.我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨戶送牛奶。2.作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性的,表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征,這時(shí)通常看作是形容詞,且主語與表語不可換位。*Thereportisverydisturbing.這個(gè)報(bào)告令人感到不安。*Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。作表語的動(dòng)詞ing形式,許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等,有“令人……的”的含義,常修飾物。(1)Atthattime,myjobwastakingcareofthehomelessdogs.

曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間,我的工作就是照看那些無家可歸的狗。(2)Yourtaskiscleaningtheoldcaroverthereonyourown.

你的工作是親自打掃那邊那輛舊車。(3)Thestorysoundsveryencouraging.故事聽起來非常令人鼓舞。(4)Theresultoftheexamisquitesurprising.考試的結(jié)果非常令人吃驚。二、動(dòng)詞ing作定語1.動(dòng)詞ing作定語表示名詞的屬性或事物的用途時(shí),一般只能作前置定語,此時(shí)意為“供作……之用”,與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞+for+doing”。*Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)游泳池。*Studentsarenotpermittedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.在閱覽室里不允許學(xué)生們大聲喧嘩。2.動(dòng)詞ing作定語時(shí)可表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。*Theboysgatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.=Theboyswhoaregatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.聚集在門口的那些男孩是我的同學(xué)。*Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.=Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.那個(gè)在舞臺(tái)上表演的女孩有舞蹈天賦。(1)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語放在名詞前,動(dòng)詞ing短語應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞之后。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式的完成時(shí)形式一般不作定語,若要表達(dá)完整意義最好用定語從句。(1)語法填空。①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.②Theyareplanningtobuildaswimming(swim)poolforthekids.③Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.④Theboysplaying(play)basketballovertherearefromourclass.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Thestudentsworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.→Thestudentswhoareworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.

②Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.→Thebuildingthat/whichisbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.

三、動(dòng)詞ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.動(dòng)詞ing位于感官動(dòng)詞后(see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,observe,notice等)。*IheardsomeonesingingintheparkwhenIpassedthere.我經(jīng)過公園的時(shí)候聽到有人在唱歌。*Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.我感覺有人在拍我的肩膀。*IsawTomdoingexercisebytheriverthismorningwhenIpassedby.今早我路過的時(shí)候,我看到Tom正在河邊鍛煉。2.表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞(常見的有have,keep,get,leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.。*Wewon’thaveyoudoingthat.我們不允許你那樣做。*Youshouldn’thavethewaterrunninglikethisallnight.你不應(yīng)該讓水整夜這樣流著。使役動(dòng)詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示“讓……一直做某事”。接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示“讓某人做某事”;接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示“主語請(qǐng)某人做某事,使完成某事或主語遭遇某事”。*Thecruelbossmakesthepoorworkersworkdayandnight.狠心的老板讓可憐的工人們夜以繼日地工作。*IhadmylegbrokenwhenIplayedbasketballyesterday.我昨天打籃球的時(shí)候腿斷了。3.用于with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。*Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷,我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。*Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她,她感到很緊張。語法填空。(1)Withthetemperaturerising(rise),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.(2)Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.

(3)WhenIsawthedogbeingbeaten(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.

(4)Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.(5)Don’thavethelightsburning(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.

課時(shí)檢測(cè)·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Theprofessorgiving(give)usaspeechaboutwritingnowisfromPeking2.Listen!Themusicthemusiciansareplayingovertheresoundsinteresting(interest).3.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).4.Byfar,therearemanyproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved.5.Wewereallamazed(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.6.Itwasastonishing(astonish)thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.7.Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.8.Thebridgebeingbuilt(build)atpresentoverthatriverwilleintousenextmonth.

9.Myparentsdon’tallowustowatch(watch)violentTVprograms.

10.Don’tleavethegirlwaiting(wait)outsideallthetime.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thisresultisverydisappointing(太令人失望)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.

2.Severalstudentsarereadingbooksinthewaitingroom(候車室).

3.WhatHelenhatesmostisbeinglaughedatbyothers(被別人嘲笑).

4.Theman,lookingveryworried(看上去很擔(dān)心),walkedupanddowninthestreet.

5.Mymotherkeptmepractisingplayingthepiano(練習(xí)彈鋼琴),whichmademeannoyed.

6.Thefilmwasverymoving(非常感人)andIwasmovedtotears.

7.Thestadiumbeingbuilt(在修建中)atpresentinthecityisintendedfortheingAsianGames.

8.Tobehonest,myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooks(看書).

依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全短文Themanonthescreenis1.anordinaryfarmer(一位普通的農(nóng)民).He2.iscontentwith(對(duì)……滿意)hislifenow.Heenjoyssingingverymuch.Heoftenpracticessinginginthefieldsand3.entertainspeoplewith(使某人快樂)hissongs.Thoughhisfamilywas4.badlyoff(貧窮)inthepast,he5.overcamealotofdifficulties(克服了很多困難)tosing.Hedevotedhimselftosingingandmadehimselfcrazyaboutthemusicregardlessofhowbusyhewaswiththefarmwork.

Fortunately,his6.convincing(convince)voicecontributedtohissuccessinasingingpetitioninaprogramatCCTV.ItmadehimfamousthroughoutChina.7.Uptonow(直到現(xiàn)在),asafarmersinger,hehasbeenmorepopularwithpeople.Hispersistenceanddeterminationhaspaidoffwithafamoustitle—theChinese“UncleSusan”.

課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)八Unit3LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.單句語法填空1.Themanager’staskisdetermining(determine)howwecanimprovetheservicesweofferourcustomers.2.Whenthepolicearrived,theyspottedthemanboarding(board)aplaneflyingtoParis.3.Thewalking(walk)stickIboughtatthefootofMountTai4.Thereisanoteatthetablesaying(say)thatmyparentshavegonetotheparty.5.Themomentwasmoreexciting(excite)thananythingintheNBAfinals.6.WhenIsawagirltherecrying(cry),Icameovertoherandaskedherwhethersheneededhelp.7.MrsBrownwaswalkingalongthepath,withherlittledaughterfollowing(follow)her.8.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofpeopleintheworldliving(live)withdepressionisincreasing.9.Theshyboyputuphishand,wantingtoanswerthequestion,whichwasasurprising(surprise)change.10.Youwillfinditastonishing(astonish)thattheboysurvivedthatplanecrash.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theservicehereisdisappointing.Youshouldgotothatrestaurantnexttime.這里的服務(wù)讓人失望。下次你應(yīng)該去那個(gè)飯店。2.Maryfeltherheartjumpingfasterwhentheteacherreadtheexaminationresult.

當(dāng)老師宣讀考試結(jié)果的時(shí)候,瑪麗感覺自己的心跳加快了。3.ThisorganizationalsoplanstohelpallHaitianshavefreshdrinkingwaterandtoiletsby2030.

這個(gè)組織也計(jì)劃幫助所有的海地人到2030年時(shí)能有干凈的飲用水和廁所。4.Doyouknowtheboytalkingtoourheadmasternow?

你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正在跟我們校長(zhǎng)說話的男孩嗎?5.Therateofusingfuelsnowlikegasandoilisverysurprisingandtheymaybeuseduponeday.

我們現(xiàn)在用化石燃料如天然氣和石油的速度是非常令人吃驚的,它們有一天可能會(huì)被用完。6.Thebossmadethemworkingalldaylong,buthegavethemlowsalaries.

老板讓他們整天工作,但給的工資卻很低。7.Thosepeoplestandingoutsideareallowedtoenterthehallnow.

現(xiàn)在允許站在外面的人進(jìn)入大廳。8.Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.

別讓她在外面淋雨等著。Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheBritishareknownfortheirsenseofhumour.However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledamp(潮濕的)outside.”O(jiān)r,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”Understatementisoftenusedinunpleasantsituationortomakeanotherpersonlooksilly.UnderstatementplaysanimportantpartinBritishhumour.AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.Theyoftenlaughaboutthesillyandunpleasantthingsthathappentooureverydaylifewhensomeoneaccidentallyfallsoverinthestreet.Theyalsoliketomakejokesaboutpeoplefromdifferentclassesofsociety.Theyliketomakejokesabouttheiraccents,thewaytheydressandthewaytheybehave.What’smore,theBritishlovetowatchediesaboutpeoplewhodonotknowhowtobehaveinsociety.TheedyseriesMrBeanisagoodexampleofthiskindofhumour.MrBeanisthecharactercreatedbyBritishactorRowanAtkinsonin1990.MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.PerhapswhatmakesMrBeansofunnyisthathedoesthingsthatadultsintherealworldcannotdo.MrBeanispopularinmanycountriesaroundtheworldbecauseyoudonothavetospeakEnglishtounderstandthehumour.Becauseofthis,manypeoplehavebeefamiliarwiththeBritishsenseofhumour.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹的是如何理解英式幽默。1.WhyisitdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishjokes?A.TheBritishoftenenlargethefact.B.Britishjokesareconnectedwithmanydifferentcultures.C.TheBritishtrytomakeoutthatsomethingislessimportantthanitis.D.Britishjokesarenotasfunnyasjokesinothercountries.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及第二段中的Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.可知,英國人經(jīng)常使用輕描淡寫,輕描淡寫意味著說得比你想得或感覺得要少,所以外國人很難理解英國笑話是因?yàn)橛丝偸窃噲D讓別人覺得事情沒有那么重要。2.Theauthorexplainsunderstatementby_______.

A.usingexamples B.makingparisonsC.followingtimeorder D.describingaprocess【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledampoutside.”O(jiān)r,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”可知,作者是通過舉例子來解釋輕描淡寫的。3.MrBeanmakespeoplelaughby_______.

A.tellingfunnystoriesB.makingjokesaboutothers’accentsC.copyinghowothersbehaveD.usinghisbodymovementsandfacialexpressions【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.可知,憨豆先生是通過肢體動(dòng)作和面部表情使人發(fā)笑的。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BritishHumourinedyB.HumourinDifferentCulturesC.DevelopingYourSenseofHumourD.UnderstandingBritishHumour【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及倒數(shù)第二段AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.可知,外國人很難理解英式幽默,要記住的主要一點(diǎn)是英國人經(jīng)常使用輕描淡寫,另一個(gè)理解英式幽默的關(guān)鍵是英國人不僅喜歡嘲笑別人還喜歡嘲笑自己,因此本文主要介紹的如何理解英式幽默。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·濟(jì)南高一檢測(cè))Ithadbeenaniceandsunnyday.Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.The1waswonderful.Icould2thegentlewindingfromthecoastwhilewatchingthebrilliantsunset.

MydadandIusedtoenjoythesunsettogetheronthatvery3.Wewouldalsowatchthewavescrashintothe4below.Mymotherwouldalwaysannoyushow5itwas.Iwasneverworried,6Ialwaysfeltsafenexttomyfather,whospentmostofhislifeout7inhisboatIrememberonetimeonhisboatIhad8offthebackandintothecoldwateraccidentally.Mydadimmediatelyjumpedoffto9me.Iwouldneverforgetthatday,andfromthatpointIknew10wouldpreventmydadprotectingmeifIwasindanger.

AsI11thereontopofthecliff,IrememberedthetimeIspentwithmydad.Ilookeddownsorrowfullyattheurn(骨灰甕)12.Myfatherwasmyrock,someoneIcould13whenIneededhimmost.Butnowhewasgone,andIfeltsorrowfuland14.

Ithadalwaysbeenmyfather’slast15tohavehisashesscatteredatsea.I16theurn,saida17farewell(告別),andthenslowlytwistedoffthelid.Thewindstartedtochange18,blowingouttowardsthesea.Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashesandthen19foramoment.Finally,Iscatteredthecontentsoverthecliff.

Iwipedawaytears,butitwasperfecthappinessratherthansadness,becauseIfinallyknewthemanwho20somuchtome,myfather,wasfinallyatpeace.

【文章大意】本文通過回憶和父親在生活中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴來表達(dá)“我”對(duì)父親的懷念。1.A.journeyB.conditionC.viewD.food【解析】選C。根據(jù)題空上一句中的“Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.”和題空下一句中的“thebrilliantsunset”可知,作者看到的是風(fēng)景,故view“風(fēng)景”符合語境。journey“旅程”;condition“條件”;food“食物”。2.A.see B.feel C.hear D.smell【解析】選B。“我”能感受到溫和的海風(fēng)。see“看到”;feel“感受到”;hear“聽見”;smell“聞到”。根據(jù)語境可知,B項(xiàng)正確。3.A.spot B.river C.field D.moment【解析】選A?！拔摇焙透赣H以前經(jīng)常一起在那個(gè)地方欣賞日落。spot“地點(diǎn)”;river“河流”;field“田地”;moment“時(shí)刻”。根據(jù)語境可知,A項(xiàng)正確。4.A.wind B.rubbish C.walls D.rocks【解析】選D。我們會(huì)看到海浪沖擊下面的巖石,故rock“巖石”符合語境。5.A.embarrassing B.interestingC.beautiful D.dangerous【解析】選D。母親總是會(huì)生我們的氣,(因?yàn)?那樣看日落太危險(xiǎn)了。故dangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”符合語境。embarrassing“令人尷尬的”;interesting“有趣的”;beautiful“美麗的”。6.A.because B.when C.if D.though【解析】選A?！拔摇睆牟粨?dān)心,因?yàn)楫?dāng)“我”在父親身邊的時(shí)候,總是感覺很安全。根據(jù)語境可知,此處需用because來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。7.A.atpeace B.atrestC.atsunset D.atsea【解析】選D?！拔摇备赣H的大部分時(shí)間是在海上他的船中度過的。atpeace“處于和平狀態(tài)”;atrest“安息,靜止的”;atsunset“日落時(shí)”;atsea“在海上”。根據(jù)語境可知,D項(xiàng)正確。8.A.jumped B.fallen C.dived D.swum【解析】選B。根據(jù)“accidentally”可判斷,“我”掉進(jìn)海里了,故fall“落下,掉下”符合語境。jump“跳”;dive“跳水”;swim“游泳”。9.A.fort B.search C.rescue D.follow【解析】選C。父親馬上跳下船去救“我”。fort“安慰”;search“搜尋”;rescue“營救”;follow“跟隨”。根據(jù)語境可知,C項(xiàng)正確。10.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything【解析】選C。從那時(shí)起,“我”認(rèn)識(shí)到,如果自己遇上危險(xiǎn),沒有任何東西能阻止父親去保護(hù)“我”。everything“一切”;something“某事”;nothing“沒有任何東西”;anything“任何事物”。根據(jù)語境可知,C項(xiàng)正確。11.A.stood B.lay C.hanged D.slept【解析】選A。當(dāng)“我”站在懸崖的頂端。stand“站立”;lie“躺,撒謊”;hang的過去式為hanged時(shí)意為“上吊,絞死”;sleep“睡覺”。根據(jù)語境可知,A項(xiàng)正確。12.A.undermyarm B.inmyhandC.onmyshoulder D.aroundmyneck【解析】選B?！拔摇焙鼙吹乜粗掷锏墓腔耶Y。故inmyhand“在我的手里”符合語境。undermyarm“在我的胳膊下”;onmyshoulder“在我的肩膀上”;aroundmyneck“在我的脖子上”。13.A.carefor B.learnfromC.dependon D.turndown【解析】選C。當(dāng)“我”非常需要他時(shí),父親是“我”可以依靠的人。carefor“照看”;learnfrom“從……學(xué)到”;dependon“依靠,信賴”;turndown“拒絕,關(guān)小”。根據(jù)語境可知,C項(xiàng)正確。14.A.fearless B.hopeless C.careless D.shameless【解析】選B。但是現(xiàn)在他已離“我”而去,“我”感到悲傷和絕望。fearless“無畏的”;hopeless“絕望的”;careless“粗心的”;shameless“無恥的”。根據(jù)語境可知,B項(xiàng)正確。15.A.chance B.behaviourC.ambition D.wish【解析】選D。將骨灰撒在大海一直以來都是“我”父親的愿望。chance“機(jī)會(huì)”;behaviour“行為”;ambition“雄心”;wish“愿望”。根據(jù)語境可知,D項(xiàng)正確。16.A.lookedbackon B.lookedoutforC.lookeddownat D.lookedupto【解析】選C?！拔摇毕蛳驴戳丝词掷锏墓腔耶Y,默默地向它告別,然后慢慢擰開蓋子。lookbackon“回顧”;lookoutfor“留心”;lookdownat“向下看”;lookupto“尊敬”。根據(jù)語境可知,C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)本段中的“Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashes”也可得出答案。17.A.silent B.shockingC.sudden D.strange【解析】選A?！拔摇毕蛳驴戳丝词掷锏墓腔耶Y,默默地向它告別,然后慢慢擰開蓋子。silent“默默的”。18.A.speed B.distance C.force D.direction【解析】選D。海風(fēng)開始改變方向。direction“方向”,符合語境。speed“速度”;distance“距離”;force“武力”。19.A.screamed B.hesitatedC.laughed D.plained【解析】選B?！拔摇豹q豫了一會(huì)兒,故hesitate“猶豫”,符合語境。scream“尖叫”;laugh“笑”;plain“抱怨”。20.A.helped B.meant C.owed D.did【解析】選B。因?yàn)椤拔摇弊罱K意識(shí)到這個(gè)對(duì)“我”非常重要的男人,“我”的父親終于得到了平靜。故meansth.tosb.“對(duì)某人有價(jià)值或重要”符合語境。help“幫助”;owe“將……歸功于”;do“對(duì)……有效果”。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinesenamesarefullofmeanings.Itispartoftheculture.Westernpeople’snamesarealittle1.___________(difference).Let’slookatsomeofthe2.___________(reason)behindWesternnames.

If3.___________girlfromChinaiscalled“Mei”,weknowitmeans“beautiful”.Ifaboyiscalled“Wu”,weknowitmeans“l(fā)ikeasoldier”.Itisbecauseofthemeaning4.___________peoplechoosethenamesforthelittleboyorgirl.

Sometimesnames5.___________(pick)fortheirmeaningintheWesttoo.Ifagirliscalled“Joy”thentheparentshavenamedherthisbecausetheywanther6.___________(be)happyandtobringothers7.___________(happy).Othertimesnamesarechosenbecausetheyaretraditionalnames8.___________(take)fromtheBible(圣經(jīng))forexample,likeNoah,Mathew,RuthandJohn.

ButinaWesterncountryboysandgirlsaregivennamesforotherreasons.Thesound9.___________(be)veryimportant.ParentscallagirlJasmine,maybejustbecausetheylikethesoundofit.

Parentswilloftenchooseanamebecauseitalso10.___________(belong)toafamousperson,likeapopstar,anactor,orafootballer.Inthelast10yearsmanyboyshavebeennamed“David”afterthefootballerDavidBeckham.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了中西方取名字的差異。1.【解析】different。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。作表語用形容詞,故填different。2.【解析】reasons?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)。some修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),故填reasons。3.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。此處泛指一個(gè)中國女孩,故填a。4.【解析】that?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)含義人們才給小男孩和小女孩取這個(gè)名字。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語,故填that。5.【解析】arepicked?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:有時(shí)在西方名字也是根據(jù)其含義選擇的。文章基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),names與pick之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.【解析】tobe。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。wantsb.todosth.想讓某人做某事,不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。7.【解析】happiness。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。bringsb.sth.表示“給某人帶來某物”,此處作賓語應(yīng)用名詞,故填happiness。8.【解析】taken。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。names與take是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示被動(dòng),用過去分詞作后置定語。9.【解析】is?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。文章基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是sound,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù),故填is。10.【解析】belongs?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:父母通常也會(huì)選擇一個(gè)屬于名人的名字。文章基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是it,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù),故填belongs。閱讀理解A(2020·蘇州高一檢測(cè))HowPlantsBranchOuttoAccessWaterNewresearchhasdiscoveredhowplantrootssensetheavailabilityofwaterinsoilandthenadapt(適應(yīng))theirshapetoacquirewater.Thediscoverycouldenablecropstoberaisedwhicharemoreadaptivetochangesinclimateconditions,suchastheabsenceofwater,andhelpensurefoodsafetyinthefuture.Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalScience,describeanewmechanism(機(jī)制)discoveredbycooperatingteamsattheuniversitiesofNottinghamandDurham.Rootsareveryimportantforplantstoacquirewaterandnutrients(營養(yǎng))fromthesoil.Waterisnecessarytoplantgrowth,yetchangingclimaticconditionsmakesacquiringwaterfromsoilevenmorechallenging.Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoisture(濕潤)conditionsbychangingtheirroots.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatplantrootslackingabranchingmastergenewerenolongerabletobranchout.Theyfoundthatwhenrootshaveaccesstomoisture,thecertaingeneremainsactiveandpromotesrootbranching,butwhenputinair,thegeneisinactivated,preventingrootbranching.Theresearchhasidentifiedthecertainproteinwhichcaninactivaterootbranching.ProfessorSadanandomexplained,“Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.”ProfessorBennettconcluded,“Wateristhekeytoplantgrowth,developmentandtheirsurvival.Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponse(回應(yīng))towateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.”Itisabsolutelyimperativetoensurefoodsafetyworldwide.Cropproductionmustdoubleby2050tokeeppacewithglobalpopulationgrowth.Thistargetisevenmorechallengingconsideringtheeffectofclimatechangeonwateravailability.Inthiscase,developingcropswithbetterabilitytoacquirewaterwouldprovideasolution.【文章大意】本文是說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物根系是如何感知土壤中水分的可利用性,然后調(diào)整自身形狀來獲取水分的,并介紹了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。1.ThefindingsoftheresearchmayhaveapositiveeffectonseveralglobalissuesEXCEPT_______.

A.ensuringfoodsafetyB.preservingtheagricultureC.solvingtheabsenceofwaterD.increasingcropproduction【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的最后一句及文章其他內(nèi)容可知這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能使農(nóng)作物更能適應(yīng)氣候條件的變化,增加產(chǎn)量,解決水資源缺乏,并有助于確保未來的食品安全。B項(xiàng)保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)沒有涉及,故選B。2.Withthehelpofthefindings,plantsmaybeableto_______.

A.takeinmorenutrientsB.changeinactivatedrootsC.growinchallengingconditionsD.branchoutwithoutaspecialgene.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.可知這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)為我們提供了一種可能性,能夠幫助我們培育出即使在缺水這樣具有挑戰(zhàn)性的條件下也能繼續(xù)生根的植物。故選C。3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“imperative”inthelastparagraph?A.effective. B.hopeful.C.impractical. D.urgent.【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。第六段最后一句Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.提到新發(fā)現(xiàn)為開發(fā)更好地適應(yīng)氣候變化的新作物和幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)全球食品安全開辟了道路。本句提到了ensurefoodsafetyworldwide(確保全球食品安全),根據(jù)上下文語境和常識(shí)可知此處指確保全球食物安全是絕對(duì)緊迫的,imperative與urgent同義,故選D。4.WhatisthenewmechanismmentionedbyProfessorBennett?A.Howabranchingmastergenerespondstoaparticularnutrient.B.Howplantrootschangetheirshapeaccordingtothesoilmoisture.C.Whyplantshavedifferentabilitiestoadapttosoilmoistureconditions.D.Howthecertainproteininactivatesrootbranchingwhenaccessibletowater.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoistureconditionsbychangingtheirroots.(植物能夠通過改變它們的根來適應(yīng)不同的土壤濕潤條件。)和倒數(shù)第二段中的Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponsetowateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.(通過研究植物根系如何改變它們的分支來回應(yīng)水的可用性,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的機(jī)制。)由此判斷出,這個(gè)新機(jī)制就是植物根系是如何根據(jù)土壤濕度改變形狀的,故選B。BThoughsometimeswemayloseourabilitytodosomethingwelove,passionsdon’thavetoend.SuzellePooleofDallas,TexasislivingproofofthatSuzellestartedballetwhenshewasjust7yearsold,andherdevotiononlygrewstrongerashertalentincreasedinthefollowingyears.Infact,Suzellewassotalentedthatshewenttoperformallaroundtheworld!Likemostprofessionalballerinas(芭蕾舞女),Suzelleexpectedashortlivedcareer.“WhenIwasabout26,IknewIonlyhadafewyearsleft,”shesaid.It’ssimplythenatureoftheartformbecausethemovementsaresohardonpeople’sbodies.ButSuzelle’sbodydidn’twearoutat26—oreven56!Atonepoint,shebrokeherarmbutshewasdancingagain