浙江省麗水市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（含答案解析）

麗水市2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控高一英語試題卷2024.01本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)。第I卷1至8頁,第II卷9至10頁。第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng):1.答第I卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卷上。2.選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卷上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上,否則無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Complaining. B.Givingsuggestions. C.Askingadvice.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ialwaysgetsleepyaround2:00p.m.Howdoyouremainsoenergeticafterlunch?M:Ialwayshaveacupofcoffee.ButI’veheardabitofexerciseanddrinkingplentyofwatercanfixthatproblem,too.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhereisMr.Smithnow?A.InParis. B.InLondon. C.InNewYork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hello.ThisisJackspeaking.MayIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?W:I’msorry.HeisonholidayinNewYorkthisweek.AndheisgoingtoParisnextweek.HewillbebackinLondonattheendofthismonth.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howmanybooksdidthemanborrow?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Didyoureturnthosebookstothelibrarytoday?M:Itookasciencebookandahistorybook,butIhaven’tfinishedreadingthehistorybook.W:Don’tforgettotakeitbackwhenyou’vefinished.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherboss?A.Boring. B.Kind. C.Rude.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’mboredwithmyjob,butmybossisnice.Ican’tdecideifIshouldleaveornot.M:Maybeyoushouldlookforsomethingmoreinteresting5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Readinganewspaper.B.Settingupabankaccount.C.Spreadingthemessageonsocialmedia.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ineedmorecustomersformybusiness.ButIdon’tknowwhethertospreadthemessageinthenewspaperorontheradio.W:Youneedtousesocialmedia!Nobodyreadsnewspapersanymore.Icanhelpyousetupanaccount.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatisthewomanpayingfor?A.Drinks. B.Food. C.Clothes.7.Howdoesthemanusuallypayforthings?A.Bycash. B.Bycard. C.Byphone.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Howmuchfortheteaandcoffee?W:It’sOK.Iwillpay.M:Oh,you’repayingwithyourphone.That’sclever.W:Yes,food,drink,clothes…inChina,manypeoplepaywiththeirphonesthesedays.Lessandlesscashisbeingused.M:Don’tyouusecards?That’swhatwedointheWest.W:Notsooften.Payingwithaphoneisveryconvenient.M:Ifyoucanaffordaphone—andifyourphoneisworking.W:Ifnot,wecanalwaysusecash聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A.Awriter. B.Amusician. C.Apainter.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Seeadoctor. B.Followhisheart. C.Talkwithfamilymembers.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】W:Doyouthinkthatisawisechoice?M:It’swhatIwanttodo,Mom.IfIamgoingtodoajoballmylife,IwantittobeoneIlove.W:Butitisveryhardtoearnagoodlivingasapainter.M:Evenifyouaregood?W:Painters,musicians,writers...manyofthemstruggletosurvive.M:AtleastIwouldbehappy.W:Butyourbrotherishappyworkingatthebank.Bothyoursistersarehappyasdoctors.Askthemaboutit.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Wheredidthemangethishat?A.FromRussia. B.FromKorea. C.FromJapan.11.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Cold. B.Pleased. C.Tired.12.WhatdoweknowaboutLiz’strip?A.Shefounditexciting.B.Shewentmainlyonbusiness.C.Shehadnotimeforsightseeing.【答案】10.A11.A12.B【解析】【原文】M:HiMargaret.W:HiFrank,Ilikeyourhat.M:Yes,Igetalotofcommentsaboutit.EveryonewearstheminRussia.W:It’sjustthethingforthistypeofweather.Ican’tfeelmyhandstoday.DidLizbringitbackforyou?M:Yes,sheboughtoneforherselfaswell.She’sreallypleasedwithit.W:Didsheenjoyhertrip?M:Well,itwasmostlybusinessbutshedidgettoseeafewsightsontheway.ShestoppedoverinJapanandKoreaaswell.W:Wow—she’sarealjet-setter.M:Isaidthat,butshefoundthetripverytiring.Shewasgladtogetbackhome.W:Icanunderstandthat.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthebiggestissueforyoungpeoplenow?A.Therisksofdruguse.B.Thedangersofviolentcrime.C.Theincreasingpressureonthem.14.Whatdothespeakersrecommendeveryonetodo?A.Organizeacommunitymeeting.B.Writeane-mailtotheirteachers.C.Knowmoreinformationabouttheirprograms.15.Whydidthewomanfirstgetintohercareer?A.Fromtheman’sadvice.B.Duetoissuesthatherdaughterhad.C.Becauseofasuggestionfromherteacher.16.Wheredothespeakersprobablywork?A.Atadoctor’soffice. B.Ataschool. C.Atafactory.【答案】13.C14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:I’mDr.Petersen,andthisisDr.Thompson.We’rehappytobetoday’sguestspeakersattheTinham’sSchoolforGirls.M:Dr.PetersenandIworkwithyoungwomenlikeyoubyofferingsupportandadvice.W:Forpreviousgenerations,thereweremanyissueswithcrimeanddrugs.Butnow,althoughsocietyissafer,there’smuchmorepressureforyoungpeople.M:Especiallygirls.Judgingothers’physicalappearanceonlineisverycommon.We’vefoundthatthesepressureshaveledtodecreasedconfidenceandissueswitheating.W:That’sright.Someregionalstudiesshowthataround8%ofgirlshaveeatingissuesduetothefearofgainingweight.That’swhywe’reheretohelp.M:So,weencourageeveryonetoreceiveoure-mailnewslettersaboutnewprograms.Plus,foranyonecurrentlyneedinghelp,wewillsupportyou.W:Isawmyowndaughtergothroughtheseproblems,andthenIgavetherestofmylifetohelpyounggirls.Atourdoctor’soffice,weprovidefreeplansforhealth,diet,andexercise,aswellascommunitymeetings.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhatarepassengersforFlight582doing?A.Gettingontheplane.B.Waitingforanarrival.C.Checkingintheirluggage.18.WhichboardinggateshouldpassengersforFlight644goto?A.E-3. B.E-4. C.G-3.19.Whatdoesthespeakerasklistenerstodo?A.Weartheirseatbelts.B.Eatdinnerinthefoodcourt.C.Havetheirboardingpassesready.20.Whatwouldhappentobagsthatarenotbeingattendedto?A.They’dberemoved.B.They’dbeleftwheretheyare.C.They’dbeputintheareabetweentheAandBgates.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Ladiesandgentlemen,canIhaveyourattention,please?EagleAirlinesFlight582forNewOrleansisnowboardingatgateG-3.Boardingisforbusinessclassandspecialpassengersatthistime.ThisisthefinalboardingcallforEagleAirFlight644toPhiladelphia,boardingatgateE-4.Allpassengerspleasehaveyourboardingpassesready,andmakesurethatyouhavecollectedallyourcarry-onbags.Pleasemakesurethatnobagsareleftinareaswheretheyarenotbeingattendedto.Ifsuchbagsarefound,theycouldberemovedforsafetyreasons.Ifyouarestillwaitingforyourplaneandlookingforabitetoeat,youcanfindsomethingforeveryoneinourfoodcourt,whichislocatedbetweentheAandBgatesinthemainterminal.Thankyouforyourattentionandwewishyouallapleasantflight.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卷上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADoyouloveliteratureandtravel?Thenyourtravelscanbeanopportunitytovisitsomeofthemostbeautifullibrariesintheworld.TheLibraryofAdmontAbbeyThelibraryislocatedinAustria.Insidethisextraordinaryplaceisasuperbroomhousingarichcollectionofgreatworks.Theornaments(裝飾品)abovetheshelves,aswellasthestatues,ceilings,aresplendid.ThelibraryalsohasthefirsteditionofTheEncyclopediabyDiderotandAlembert.Thisplacewasoncerepairedforfouryearsfrom2000to2004.TheLibraryofCongress,WashingtonThislibrarywasfoundedin1800andwasoneofthelargestlibrariesintheworld.Thebuildingisbreathtakinglybeautiful,withtheoctagonalReadingRoomsurroundedbyanelevatedgalleryfromwhichreaderscangazeupatthestunningceilings.Thewell-carvedstatuesintheGreatHallareanotherfeaturenottobemissed.BinhaiLibrary,TianjinTheTianjinlibraryisapurearchitecturalmasterpiece.Thebuildingisnicknamed“TheEye”becausetheeyeisarecognizablefeatureofthedesignvisiblefrominsideandoutside.Thisimmaculatespacehasbeendesignedsothatvisitorscaneasilymovearound,stoptoread,butalsomeetandchat.Thenumberofshelvesandtheheightareimpressive.TheLibraryofGeorgePeabodyThisisoneofthemostremarkableuniversitylibrariesintheworldandisnamedafterafamousAmericanphilanthropist.Theheartofthelibraryisasuperblonghallforbooks,allonfivefloors.Withits18mhighcentralhall,nowondertheplacewascalledthe“cathedralofbooks”.Ithasacatalogueof300,000books,includingthefirsteditionofCharlesDarwin’sTheOriginofSpecies.21.WhatdotheLibraryofAdmontAbbeyandtheLibraryofCongresshaveincommon?A.Theybothhavebeenrebuilt. B.Theyarebothprivatelibraries.C.Theyeachhaveimpressivestatues. D.Theyarebothlocatedinauniversity.22.Whichlibraryoffersagreatplaceforreaderstocommunicate?A.ThelibraryofAdmontAbbey. B.TheLibraryofCongress,Washington.C.BinhaiLibrary,Tianjin. D.ThelibraryofGeorgePeabody.23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Asciencearticle. B.Abookreview.C.Anewsreport. D.Atravelguide.【答案】21.C22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些世界上最美麗的圖書館。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章TheLibraryofAdmontAbbey部分中“Theornamentsabovetheshelves,aswellasthestatues,ceilings,aresplendid.(架子上的裝飾品，以及雕像、天花板，都很華麗。)”和TheLibraryofCongress,Washington部分中“Thewell-carvedstatuesintheGreatHallareanotherfeaturenottobemissed.(大會(huì)堂里雕刻精美的雕像是另一個(gè)不容錯(cuò)過的特色。)”可知，LibraryofAdmontAbbey和theLibraryofCongress的共同之處是都有令人印象深刻的雕像。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章BinhaiLibrary,Tianjin部分中“Thisimmaculatespacehasbeendesignedsothatvisitorscaneasilymovearound,stoptoread,butalsomeetandchat.(這個(gè)完美的空間設(shè)計(jì)使游客可以輕松地四處走動(dòng)，停下來閱讀，也可以見面聊天。)”可知，天津?yàn)I海圖書館為讀者提供了一個(gè)很好的交流場(chǎng)所。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Doyouloveliteratureandtravel?Thenyourtravelscanbeanopportunitytovisitsomeofthemostbeautifullibrariesintheworld.(你喜歡文學(xué)和旅游嗎?那么你的旅行就有機(jī)會(huì)參觀一些世界上最美麗的圖書館。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一些世界上最美麗的圖書館，可知本文來自于旅行指南。故選D。BEleven-year-oldRubyhasauniquehobby—makingwishescometruefornursinghomeresidentsinHarrison,Arkansas.Inspiredbyhermother’sworkasanurse,Rubyaccompaniedhermothertothenursinghomesduringthesummerandhasdevelopedaclosebondwiththeelderlyresidents.Oneday,RubynoticedaresidentnamedPearllookingsadwhilestaringoutofawindow.Whensheaskedwhatwaswrong,Pearlexplainedthatshehadseenherdogbeingtakenaway,andshedidn’tknowwhenshewouldseeherbelovedpetagain.ItbrokeRuby’sheart,andshedecidedtotakeaction.Shebeganaskingtheresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Tohersurprise,theirrequestsweresimple—chocolatebars,McDonald’sfries,andpantsthatfitproperly.Rubyandhermotherusedtheirownmoneytoachievethewishesofaround100residentswithinthreemonths.Soon,theystartedreceivingdonationsfromthekind-heartedpeopleofHarrison.Encouragedbytheoverwhelmingresponse,theysetupaGoFundMepagecalled“ThreeWishesforRuby’sResidents”tocollect$5,000.Theyreachedtheirgoalwithinamonth.WhenGoFundMerecognizedRubyasaKidHeroandsharedherstoryworldwide,donationspouredin.Injust24hours,theyraised$20,000,andwithinfivemonths,thetotalsurpassed$250,000.Withthesefunds,theywereabletogrant(準(zhǔn)予)morecreativewishes,suchascreatingamancaveforoneresidentwithaWalkmanandsnacks,andprovidingfinancialassistanceforanotherresidenttoattendanout-of-statewedding.Motivatedbytheirsuccess,ThreeWishesforRuby’sResidentsbecameanonprofitorganizationandexpandednationwide.Theirnewgoalistosetupasharedlaptopinatleastonenursinghomeineachstate.Ruby’spassionforkindnessdriveshertocontinueherefforts,andheractsofkindnessserveasareminderthatevensmallgesturescanmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’slife.24.WhatinspiredRubytoachievenursinghomeresidents’wishes?A.Heraffectionfordogs. B.Herenthusiasmforfundraising.C.Pearl’srequestforthreewishes. D.Pearl’sstoryaboutherpetdog.25.HowdidRubyandhermotherfirstlygetthemoneytosatisfytheresidents’desires?A.Theygotthefund.B.Theysoldtheirbelongings.C.Theyusedtheirpersonalmoney.D.Theygotdonationsfromthenursinghome.26.Whatwasoneofthecreativewishesgrantedbytheproject?A.Buildinganewnursinghome.B.ProvidingfinancialassistanceforweddingsC.Settingupsharedlaptopsinnursinghomesacrossthecountry.D.Establishingacomfortableroomforaresidentwithamusicplayerandsnacks.27.WhichwordcanbestdescribeRuby’sbehavior?A.Creative. B.Caring. C.Confusing. D.Courageous.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述11歲Ruby創(chuàng)建ThreeWishesforRuby’sResidents非盈利組織的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Oneday,RubynoticedaresidentnamedPearllookingsadwhilestaringoutofawindow.Whensheaskedwhatwaswrong,Pearlexplainedthatshehadseenherdogbeingtakenaway,andshedidn’tknowwhenshewouldseeherbelovedpetagain.ItbrokeRuby’sheart,andshedecidedtotakeaction.Shebeganaskingtheresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.(一天，Rubyl注意到一位名叫Pearl的居民在凝視窗外時(shí)看起來很悲傷。當(dāng)她問怎么了時(shí)，Pearl解釋說，她看到自己的狗被帶走了，她不知道什么時(shí)候才能再次見到她心愛的寵物。這傷透了Ruby的心，她決定采取行動(dòng)。她開始問居民們，世界上他們最想要的三樣?xùn)|西是什么。)”可知，Pearl關(guān)于她的寵物狗的故事啟發(fā)了Ruby去實(shí)現(xiàn)療養(yǎng)院居民的愿望。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Rubyandhermotherusedtheirownmoneytoachievethewishesofaround100residentswithinthreemonths.(Ruby和她的母親用自己的錢在三個(gè)月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大約100名居民的愿望。)”可知，Ruby和她的母親最開始用自己的錢來實(shí)現(xiàn)居民的愿望。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Withthesefunds,theywereabletogrant(準(zhǔn)予)morecreativewishes,suchascreatingamancaveforoneresidentwithaWalkmanandsnacks,andprovidingfinancialassistanceforanotherresidenttoattendanout-of-statewedding.(有了這些資金，他們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更具創(chuàng)造性的愿望，例如為一位居民創(chuàng)建一個(gè)舒適的房間，配有音樂播放器和小吃，并為另一位居民參加州外婚禮提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。)”可知，為居住者建立一個(gè)舒適的房間，配有音樂播放器和小吃是該項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)的創(chuàng)造性愿望之一。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ruby’spassionforkindnessdriveshertocontinueherefforts,andheractsofkindnessserveasareminderthatevensmallgesturescanmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’slife.(Ruby對(duì)善良熱情驅(qū)使她繼續(xù)努力，她的善舉提醒她，即使是小小的舉動(dòng)也會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)人的生活產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。)”以及上文可推知，Ruby是一個(gè)善良且樂于助人的人，所以她的行為是關(guān)心他人的。故選B項(xiàng)。CAgroupofresearchershascomeupwithawaytomakeiteasiertodriveinthesnow:bydesigningtyres(輪胎)basedonpolarbearpaws.“Wehadanongoingprojectformanyyearsfocusedonice,”saidAliDhinojwala,whotookpartintheresearch.“Wewerelookingatthefriction(摩擦力)ofmaterialsbecauseournationalpartnersneedtodeveloptyreswithastronggripontheroadiniceandsnowconditions.”Theteamturnedtonatureforinspiration,thinkingthatevolutionmighthavealreadysolvedtheprobleminawaythatcouldbecopiedwithtechnology.Theobviousplacetolookwaspolarbears—specificallythetinybumps(凸塊)onthesurfaceoftheirpawpads—tofindoutwhateffecttheyhaveontheanimals’abilitytomovequicklyacrossicyandsnowyarea.Todothis,theteamgatheredsamples(樣本)ofpolarbearpawpads,aswellassamplesfrombrownbearsandAmericanblackbears(twospeciescloselyrelatedtopolarbears)andsunbears(adistantlyrelatedspecies,typicallyfoundinAsia).Theteamimagedthesamplesusingascanningelectronmicroscope,produced3D-printedcopiesandthentestedtheminsnowinthelab.Theyfoundthatthetinystructuresonthepolarbearpawpadsweretaller,whichgavethembetterfrictiononthesnow,eventhoughpolarbearshavesmallerpadscomparedtootherbears.Theteamnowwantstolookintootherfactorsthatmayhaveaneffect,suchasthepatternsandshapesofthetinystructures.“Ifyoulookatsnowtyresyou’llseethattheydohavesomedeepertreads(外胎花紋),butthisresearchcouldalsoshowvariouswaystodesignthemthatcouldhavealargerimpact,”saidDhinojwala.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A.Polarbears. B.Tinybumps.C.Pawpads. D.Snowyroads.29.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thebackgroundoftheresearch. B.Thefindingoftheresearch.C.Thedifferencesofsamplesinthelab. D.Thecomparisonofdifferentbearpads.30.WhatcanweinferfromDhinojwala’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Differenttreadsmightbedesignedonthesnowtyres.B.Snowtyresthathavedeepertreadscanbesafeenough.C.Thedesignofsnowtyresrequiresnofurtherimprovement.D.Theresearchersshouldhaveturnedtootherbearsforinspiration.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Aneasierwaytodriveinthesnow B.AnongoingprojectfocusedoniceC.Snowtyresbasedonpolarbearpaws D.Anewresearchonpolarbearpawpads【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家基于北極熊熊爪的構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)新型雪地輪胎?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Theobviousplacetolookwaspolarbears—specificallythetinybumps(凸塊)onthesurfaceoftheirpawpads—tofindoutwhateffecttheyhaveontheanimals’abilitytomovequicklyacrossicyandsnowyarea.”（最明顯的研究對(duì)象是北極熊——特別是它們腳掌表面的小凸起——來發(fā)現(xiàn)它們對(duì)動(dòng)物在冰雪地區(qū)快速移動(dòng)的能力有什么影響。）可知，它們指的是北極熊腳掌表面的小凸起對(duì)于動(dòng)物在冰雪地區(qū)快速移動(dòng)的能力的影響，推斷處they指代的是B項(xiàng)“小凸起”。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyfoundthatthetinystructuresonthepolarbearpawpadsweretaller,whichgavethembetterfrictiononthesnow,eventhoughpolarbearshavesmallerpadscomparedtootherbears.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)北極熊腳墊上的微小結(jié)構(gòu)更高，這使得它們?cè)谘┑厣嫌懈玫哪Σ亮?，盡管北極熊的腳墊比其他熊小。）可知，第四段主要談到的是研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ifyoulookatsnowtyresyou’llseethattheydohavesomedeepertreads(外胎花紋),butthisresearchcouldalsoshowvariouswaystodesignthemthatcouldhavealargerimpact,”saidDhinojwala.”（“如果你看看雪地輪胎，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們確實(shí)有一些更深的胎面，但這項(xiàng)研究也可以展示各種設(shè)計(jì)方法，這些方法可以產(chǎn)生更大的影響。”）可知，我們可以從最后一段Dhinojwala的話中推斷出雪地輪胎可能會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)不同的胎面。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agroupofresearchershascomeupwithawaytomakeiteasiertodriveinthesnow:bydesigningtyres(輪胎)basedonpolarbearpaws.”（一組研究人員提出了一種使在雪地里開車更容易的方法:用北極熊的爪子設(shè)計(jì)輪胎。）可知，本文主要介紹的是科學(xué)家基于北極熊爪設(shè)計(jì)雪地輪胎，C項(xiàng)“基于北極熊爪的雪地輪胎”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。DEverywhereyougo,itseemslikepeopleareusingsomethingtoreducethenoiseintheirlives.Theywearover-earheadphonesonpublictransportation,duringlongflights,orinopen-planoffices,orusecoloredearplugs(耳塞)atconcerts.Silenceisnowbigbusiness,withtheglobalmarketfornoise-cancellingheadphonesbringing$13.1billionin2021.Expertspredictthatthisfigurewilltripleby2031.Whilethesemarket-basedsolutionsarebecomingpopular,theyraiseaquestion:Aretherephysicalandsocialeffectstoshuttingouttheworldaroundus?Noise-cancellingtechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1950storeducecockpitnoiseforpilots.Theheadphonestodayusetechnologyknownasactivenoisecontrol.However,toomuchofagoodthingalsohasitsdownsides.Manystudieshaveshownthatconstantearplugwearing,dayandnight,overjustoneweekcanleadtoaconditionknownastinnitus(耳鳴).“Whenyoustoplisteningtooutsidesounds,yourbrainstartstoturnupits‘internalvolume’sothatitcanstillpickuponthings.”McAlpinesays.“Ifyoustopthesoundgoingintoyourears,it’slikemessingwithhowyourbrainissupposedtoworknaturally.”Whenitcomestodistraction(干擾),thetypeofnoisemaymatterasmuchasvolume.Moderate(適中的)backgroundnoise,around70dB,hasbeenfoundtoadvanceperformanceoncreativetasks,forexample.“Somepeoplecanworkreallyeffectivelyinbuzzycafesandevenairports,andyettheycan’tfocusinthesamewayinanoffice.Evenifitisn’tasnoisy,”McAlpinesays.“Yourbrainintheofficeisautomaticallypayingattentiontoallthoseotherconversations—becausetheymightbeaboutsomethingyouneedtoknow.”How,then,canwedealwithallthelouddistractionsinourmodernlives?Anover-dependenceonnoise-cancellingtechnologyisnotnecessarilythesolution,saysMcAlpine.“Wehavegivenmorecontroltooutsidesourcesoveroursoundenvironmentcomparedtoourvisualenvironment,”hesays.IfpeoplestartedwearingAR/VRgogglesandlivingintheirownvirtualworldsinsteadoffocusingonimprovingthephysicalenvironment,“Andthat’sproblematic.”32.Whatisthepurposeofnoise-cancellingheadphones?A.Topickupthesounds.B.Toreducetherateoftinnitus.C.Toimproveperformanceoncreativetasks.D.Tocreateasenseofsilenceinnoisyenvironments.33.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?A.Wearingnoise-cancellingheadphoneshasnophysicalorsocialcosts.B.Creativetaskperformancecanbeimprovedbythemoderatebackgroundnoise.C.Noise-cancellingtechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1950sforconcertgoers.D.Theglobalmarketfornoise-cancellingheadphonesisbelievedtodropby2031.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buzzy”meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Lively. B.Advanced. C.Interesting. D.Quiet.35.WhatattitudedoesMcAlpineholdtowardstheover-dependenceonthetechnology?A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中噪音干擾的問題以及人們使用降噪技術(shù)的現(xiàn)象。文章指出，雖然降噪技術(shù)在市場(chǎng)上大受歡迎，但過度使用可能帶來身體和社會(huì)方面的負(fù)面影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Everywhereyougo,itseemslikepeopleareusingsomethingtoreducethenoiseintheirlives.Theywearover-earheadphonesonpublictransportation,duringlongflights,orinopen-planoffices,orusecoloredearplugs(耳塞)atconcerts.(無論你走到哪里，人們似乎都在用某種東西來減少生活中的噪音。他們?cè)诠步煌üぞ呱?、長(zhǎng)途飛行中或在開放式辦公室里戴著戴耳式耳機(jī)，或者在音樂會(huì)上使用彩色耳塞)”和第二段中“Noise-cancellingtechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1950storeducecockpitnoiseforpilots.Theheadphonestodayusetechnologyknownasactivenoisecontrol.(降噪技術(shù)最早是在20世紀(jì)50年代發(fā)展起來的，目的是為飛行員減少駕駛艙的噪音。今天的耳機(jī)使用了一種被稱為主動(dòng)噪聲控制的技術(shù))”可推知，降噪耳機(jī)是用于減少生活中的噪音，在嘈雜的環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造一種安靜的感覺。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Moderate(適中的)backgroundnoise,around70dB,hasbeenfoundtoadvanceperformanceoncreativetasks,forexample.(例如，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的背景噪音(約70分貝)可以提高創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)的表現(xiàn))”可知，適度的背景噪聲可以提高創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)的表現(xiàn)，故“Creativetaskperformancecanbeimprovedbythemoderatebackgroundnoise.”是正確表述。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Somepeoplecanworkreallyeffectivelyinbuzzy

cafesandevenairports,andyettheycan’tfocusinthesamewayinanoffice.(有些人可以在buzzy的咖啡館甚至機(jī)場(chǎng)高效地工作，但他們卻無法在辦公室里保持同樣的專注)”中“cafes(咖啡館)”和常識(shí)可推知，咖啡館是喧鬧的，故buzzy與lively同義，意為“熱鬧的”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Anover-dependenceonnoise-cancellingtechnologyisnotnecessarilythesolution,saysMcAlpine.(過度依賴降噪技術(shù)未必是解決問題的辦法，麥卡爾平說)”可推知，McAlpine對(duì)過度依賴降噪技術(shù)持否定態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Self-discipline(自律)isatermthateveryoneunderstands.However,fewpeopleappreciateit.Disciplinehappenstoeventhemostfamouspeople.Itisnecessaryforalllivingbeings,becausewithoutittherewouldbedisorderaroundus.___36___.Improvesyourself-esteemNothingismoreenjoyablethandevelopingnewhabits,quittingoldones,andachievingyourgoals.___37___.Sticktoaroutine,manageyourtime,andfightdelay.Highself-esteemcarrieswithittherestofyourlifeandyourrelationship.Highself-esteemalsohelpsyoufacechallengeswithgreaterconfidenceindifficultsituations.HelpsyouachievegoalsWeallhavegoalsinlife.Workgoalsareverycommon,buttheycanalsoincludethingslikelearninganewlanguage,improvingahobbyorfitnessgoal.___38___.Itwon’thappenovernight.___39___.Notallgreatheadsareborn,mostofwhomfollowaverybusyscheduleandkeepthedisciplineintheirlivestobecomegoodleaders.Gooddisciplinecreatesapositiveattitudetowardssociety,confidenceandadesiretodosomethinggreat.Disciplinehelpspeopledevelopattitudesthatarethekeytosuccess.Theycanserveasgreatrolemodelsforothersinsociety.Makesyoumoretrustworthy___40___.Forexample,ifyoudon’tknowhowtomanageyourtime,youmayhaveproblemsmeetingdeadlinesatwork,arrivingontimeforeventsandmeetings,orspendingenoughtimewithyourlovedones.Youcanearnareputationforbeinguntrustworthy.Disciplinecanhelpyoudevelopnewhabits,andmanageyourtimeeffectively.Withtimeanddiscipline,youwillseeimprovementsandsuccess.A.MakesyoualeaderB.HelpspeoplebuildconfidenceC.YouneeddisciplinetogetwhatyouwantD.LackofdisciplinecanmakeabigdifferenceinyourlifeE.Therefore,theimportanceofdisciplineinlifecannotbeignoredF.TrustworthypeoplearemorelikelytobelikedandrespectedbyothersG.Thesevictoriesgiveyouasenseofhappiness,makingiteasiertokeepdiscipline【答案】36.E37.G38.C39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了自律的好處和缺乏自律的危害?！?6題詳解】由上文“Self-discipline(自律)isatermthateveryoneunderstands.However,fewpeopleappreciateit.Disciplinehappenstoeventhemostfamouspeople.Itisnecessaryforalllivingbeings,becausewithoutittherewouldbedisorderaroundus.(自律是一個(gè)人人都懂的術(shù)語。然而，很少有人欣賞它。即使是最著名的人也會(huì)自律。它對(duì)所有的生物都是必要的，因?yàn)闆]有它，我們周圍就會(huì)混亂。)”可知，自律是非常重要的，故E選項(xiàng)“Therefore,theimportanceofdisciplineinlifecannotbeignored(因此，自律在生活中的重要性不容忽視)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳解】由上文“Nothingismoreenjoyablethandevelopingnewhabits,quittingoldones,andachievingyourgoals.(沒有什么比養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣、改掉舊習(xí)慣和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)更令人愉快的了。)”推知，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的喜悅更有可能讓人們自律，故G選項(xiàng)“Thesevictoriesgiveyouasenseofhappiness,makingiteasiertokeepdiscipline(這些勝利給你一種幸福感，讓你更容易遵守紀(jì)律)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】由上文“Weallhavegoalsinlife.Workgoalsareverycommon,buttheycanalsoincludethingslikelearninganewlanguage,improvingahobbyorfitnessgoal.(我們都有人生目標(biāo)。工作目標(biāo)很常見，但也可以包括學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言、培養(yǎng)愛好或健身目標(biāo)等。)”和下文“Itwon’thappenovernight.(這不會(huì)在一夜之間發(fā)生)”可知，只有自律才能我們的目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)，故C選項(xiàng)“Youneeddisciplinetogetwhatyouwant(你需要自律才能得到你想要的)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選C?！?9題詳解】由下文“Notallgreatheadsareborn,mostofwhomfollowaverybusyscheduleandkeepthedisciplineintheirlivestobecomegoodleaders.Gooddisciplinecreatesapositiveattitudetowardssociety,confidenceandadesiretodosomethinggreat.Disciplinehelpspeopledevelopattitudesthatarethekeytosuccess.Theycanserveasgreatrolemodelsforothersinsociety.(并不是所有偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都是天生的，他們中的大多數(shù)人都遵循非常繁忙的日程，并在他們的生活中保持紀(jì)律，成為優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。良好的紀(jì)律培養(yǎng)了對(duì)社會(huì)的積極態(tài)度、信心和做大事的愿望。紀(jì)律幫助人們培養(yǎng)態(tài)度，這是成功的關(guān)鍵。他們可以成為社會(huì)上其他人的偉大榜樣。)”可知，自律可以讓我們成為行業(yè)的佼佼者，并取得成功，故A選項(xiàng)“Makesyoualeader(讓你成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)”能概括本段主題，符合題意。故選A。【40題詳解】由下文“Forexample,ifyoudon’tknowhowtomanageyourtime,youmayhaveproblemsmeetingdeadlinesat