河北省張家口市2023-2024學(xué)年高三年級上冊1月期末英語試題 答案

張家口市2023-2024學(xué)年度高三年級第一學(xué)期期末考試

英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前?？忌鷦?wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試

卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),

聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題,每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Wherewillthekidsstay?

AInlocalhomes.B.Atthecampsite.C.Inanearbyhotel.

2.Howmuchdidthemanpayaltogether?

A.12dollars.B.14dollars.C.18dollars.

3.WhatisJohn'soriginalplanfortheweekend?

A.Togotothezoo.B.Torepairthetreehouse.C.Towatchamovie.

4.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?

A.Tomakeanapology.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Tomakeasuggestion.

5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?

A.Atthebaker?s.B.Atthechemist9s.C.Atthetailor's.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatisthebadnewsfortheman?

A.Hewillhavetohaveatoothpulledout.

B.Helefthissmartphoneinthedentisfsoffice.

C.Heneedstomakeanothertriptotheflowershop.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Shopownerandcustomer.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Husbandandwife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.HowdoesMr.PataohelpJane?

A.Byacceptingherinterview.

B.Bygivinghersomeadvice.

C.Bypolishinghertermpaper.

9.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardwaterpollution?

A.Theyareunconcernedaboutit.

B.Theyarewillingtohelpsolveit.

C.Theyareeagertolearnmoreaboutit.

10.WhatshouldJanefocusoninherpaper?

A.Whatactionpeopleshouldtake.

B.Wherethekeytoawarenesslies.

C.Howtogetaclearpictureoftheproblem.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhywillSpodebelate?

A.Hiscarbrokedown.B.Hehasanaccident.C.Heiscaughtinthetraffic.

12.WhatwillTracydoforSpode?

A.Sendafile.B.Meetaclient.C.Writeareport.

13.Whattimewillthemanagerhaveameeting?

A.At9:00.B.At9:30.C.At10:00.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatisthewoman?

A.Theownerofarestaurant.

B.Thehostessofaprogram.

C.Theauthorofabest-sellingbook.

15.WheredidMr.Pascarellaspendhischildhood?

A.InCaserta.B.InNewYork.C.InLondon.

16.WhatdoesMr.Pascarelladoasabusiness?

A.Hesellscookbooks.B.Hesellspizzaontheroad.C.Hesellsthree-wheeledtrucks.

17.WhatgaveMr.PascarellatheinspirationforRicordiD4nfanzia?

A.Afriend^advice.B.Hisfamilypizza.C.ApizzastandinLondon.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhichofthefollowingplacesisinGreece?

A.ThePindusmountains.B.TheAdriaticcoast.C.TheBalkancountry.

19.HowmanyspeciesdoestheVjosaRiverhost?

A.13.B.168.C.Over1,100.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.ThehistoryoftheVjosaRiver.

B.TheecosystemoftheVjosaRiver.

C.TheprotectionoftheVjosaRiver.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TheCEMC（theCentreforEducationinMathematicsandComputing）storybeganin1963whenagroupof

secondaryschoolteachersdevelopedthefirstmathematicscontestinOntario.Fromthatspark,theCEMChasgrown

intooneofCanada?sforemostauthoritiesonmathematicsandcomputerscienceforyoungpeople.

HousedwithintheFacultyofMathematicsattheUniversityofWaterloo,theCEMCisthelargestorganization

ofitskindinCanadawithmorethan40faculty（全體教!）幣）andstaffandhundredsofvolunteers.

Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld.DesignedbyteamsofexperteducatorsforGrades5to12,

theCEMCcontestsareagreatfitforstudentswitharangeofabilities——fromlearnerswhowanttoexploremathand

computerscienceanddeveloptheirconfidence,toadvancedstudentswhowanttostretchtheirlimits.

Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaroundtheworld:

?Ourfreecoursesreceive10millionpageviewsannually.

?Morethan265000studentsinover80countriesregisterforour15contestseachyear.

?1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear.

?20,000studentsbenefiteachyearfromtheCEMCVisitsSchoolsprogramatmorethan300schoolsinover15

countries.

?300teacherspursueadvanceddegreesinourMasterofMathematicsforTeachers（MMT）programeachyear.

HowtoGetInvolved

Allstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn'tparticipatedinaCEMCcontest,you'll

needtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsforyourstudents.Already

haveaCEMCschoolaccount?VisitourContestSupervisorPortaltoordercontests,accessresultsandcertificates,

downloadcontestinstructionsandmore.

1.WhowritestheCEMCcontests?

A.VolunteersoftheCEMC.B.Studentsaroundtheworld.

C.SecondaryschoolteachersinOntario.D.FacultymembersoftheUniversityofWaterloo.

2.WhichprogramoftheCEMChasthelargestnumberofparticipantseachyear?

A.TheCEMCcontests.B.ProblemoftheWeek.

C.TheCEMCVisitsSchools.D.MasterofMathematicsforTeachers.

3.WhatisamusttotakepartintheCEMCcontest?

A.ACEMCschoolaccount.B.Anindividualregistration.

C.AnMMTteacher'sguidance.D.Awiderangeofacademicabilities.

【答案】l.B2.B3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了CEMC（數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算教育中心）的起源、組織結(jié)構(gòu)和活動。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld（我們的比賽由世界各地的學(xué)生

撰寫）”可知，CEMC比賽由世界各地的學(xué)生撰寫，故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaround

theworld:標(biāo)題下第三彳亍“1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear（每年

有150萬名學(xué)生和教師受益于我們的每周問題）”可知，EMC的項(xiàng)目中，每年的參與者人數(shù)最多的是“每

周問題”，故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后——段“Allstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn'tparticipated

inaCEMCcontest,you511needtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsfor

yourstudents.（所有學(xué)生都必須通過學(xué)校參加。如果您的學(xué)校沒有參加CEMC比賽，您需要在我們的網(wǎng)站上

申請CEMC學(xué)校帳戶，然后才能訂購比賽。）”可知，CEMC參賽者必須有一個(gè)CEMC學(xué)校帳戶，故選A

項(xiàng)。

B

DuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachildhisfavoritepastimewas

drawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother'spantyhose（連褲襪）containers.Frank's

goalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.Thisexamplespeakstothedeterminationhehas

demonstratedthroughouthislifesothathecouldfollowhisdreams,makeadifference,andinspireothers.

IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.1wasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthetime.Iwentoverand

introducedmyself.Ididn'thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksomebackgroundinformation

aboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithussomeday.

Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript（手稿）forhimtoillustrate:TheRootsofRap:16Barsonthe

4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasalovelettertothepioneersof

hip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,withwhomheadoredworking,had

writtenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.

ThefirsttimeFrankandhisbrotherheardrapmusicwasintheirgrandmother^backyard,viaaone-speaker

radio.Franksaidthat"thebeatswereimpressive”.Uptothispointtheyhadbeenlisteningtowhattheirparents

listenedto.Theyfoundfamiliarbeatsinhip-hopbecauseitfeltlikearemixoftheirparents'music.Lookingthrough

Frank'sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecantransportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleof

aculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetweenpastandpresent.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutFrankfromparagraph1?

A.Hedreamedofinspiringothers.

B.Hemanagedtofindsomethingtodrawon.

C.Helikedthepicturesonpantyhosecontainers.

D.Hewasspokenhighlyofforhisdetermination.

5.Whatdidtheauthordoin2015?

A.HeofferedtojoininFrank'sproject.

B.HeaskedFranktosignLittleBeeBooks.

C.HeexpressedhisexpectationtoworkwithFrank.

D.HegotsomebackgroundinformationaboutFrank.

6.HowdidFranklikerap?

A.Helikeditallthetime.

B.Hefounditsbeatshardtobear.

C.Hethoughtitlesspopularthanhip-hop.

D.Heconsideredithelpfulforpersonalgrowth.

7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutFrank'sillustrationsfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theyareshowninagallery.B.Theyconnectuswithhistory.

C.Theyhavestartedaculturalmovement.D.Theychangedpeople'sideasaboutthepast.

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要介紹了FrankMorrison的生平事跡和藝術(shù)成就，講述了Morrison

的成長經(jīng)歷、職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人成就，展現(xiàn)了他作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的才華和貢獻(xiàn)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“DuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachild

hisfavoritepastimewasdrawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother'spantyhose（連

褲襪）containers.Frank'sgoalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.（在與FrankMorrison的一次談

話中，他告訴我，當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他最喜歡的消遣是在他母親的連褲襪容器附帶的白色和棕色硬

紙板上畫畫。Frank的目標(biāo)是畫畫，他找到了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)的方法。）”可知，F(xiàn)rank找到了可以在上面繪畫

的東西。故選B。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.1wasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthe

time.Iwentoverandintroducedmyself.Ididn'thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksome

backgroundinformationaboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithus

someday.（我第一次見到Frank是在2015年的一次會議上。當(dāng)時(shí)我在LittleBe電子書公司工作。我走過去自

我介紹。當(dāng)時(shí)我手頭上沒有項(xiàng)目要交給他，但我給了Frank一些關(guān)于LittleBe電子書的背景信息，并告訴他

我希望他有一天能考慮和我們合作可知，在2015年作者向Frank表達(dá)了希望和他合作的期望。故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript（手稿）forhimtoillustrate:The

RootsofRap:16Barsonthe4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasa

lovelettertothepioneersofhip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,with

whomheadoredworking,hadwrittenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.（幾個(gè)月后,我有了——份完美的手稿

供他舉例說明：《說唱的根源：嘻哈的四大支柱上的16個(gè)酒吧》，作者CaroleBostonWeatherford。這段美妙

的文字是一封寫給嘻哈音樂先驅(qū)們的情書，F(xiàn)rank立刻被手稿迷住了，因?yàn)檫@是Carole寫的，他很喜歡和

Carole一起工作;；Frank就是在這種文化中長大的。）”可知，F(xiàn)rank認(rèn)為嘻哈音樂對自己的成長有幫助。故

選D。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段uLookingthroughFrank'sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecan

transportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleofaculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetween

pastandpresent.（看Frank的書就像在參觀美術(shù)館。他可以把你帶到另一個(gè)時(shí)代，或者把你置身于一場文化運(yùn)

動中，同時(shí)把過去和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。）”可知，F(xiàn)rank的插圖能將我們帶到一個(gè)時(shí)代，或者置身于一場運(yùn)動，

將過去和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。故選B。

C

Labelingcanbeveryhelpfulwhendeterminingcertainthingsaboutafooditem."USDA（UnitedStates

DepartmentofAgriculture）Organic^^and“raisedwithoutantibiotics（抗生素）“，forexample,havespecificstandards,

andtheproductwillneedtobetruetothoseclaims.

Naturalclaimslike"allnatural”,“100%natural",and“madewithnaturalingredients（成分）“arenotdefinedin

USDA.TheUSDAmustapprovethesespecialclaimspriortofoodbeingsold,buttheonlystandardtheymustmeet

isthatartificialingredientsorcolorscannotbeaddedduringprocessing,andtheprocessingmethodcannot

fundamentallyaltertheproduct.Whilethatiscertainlyvaluableinformationtoknow,theproblemisinconsumers5

understandingofwhat“natural“means.Thedefinitionsdonotaddresshumanhealth,theuseofsyntheticpesticides

(合成殺蟲齊(j),hormones,orantibioticsincropandlivestockproduction.

Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural“deliversbenefitsfar

beyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.

Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacross

avarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproductslabeledas“allnaturaF5meantno

antibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthelabelmeantanimalswereraisedfree

range.

Consumersaren'tgettingwhattheythinkthey5regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfood

producerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaround

organicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantagein

themarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.Theeconomicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsis

thatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenotreceivingwhileproducersofproductswith

thosebenefitslosesales.

8.Whichofthefollowingisundefinedbyauthorities?

A.USDAorganic.B.Allnatural.

C.Artificialcolorfree.D.Raisedwithoutantibiotics.

9.Whatmistakemayaconsumermakeaccordingtothetext?

A.Beingunawareoffoodsafety.

B.Payingmoreonover-processedfood.

C.BuyingfoodfailingtomeettheUSDAstandards.

D.Misunderstandingwhatisclaimedonafoodlabel.

10.Whyarethetwostudiesmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Toadvocatesensibleconsumerbehavior.

B.Tosuggestapossiblesolutiontoaproblem.

C.Toprovideevidencefortheauthor'spointofview.

D.Todemonstratehowfarstudiesonfoodsafetyhavegone.

11.Whatisaconsequenceoftheproblemdiscussedinthetext?

A.Wastingresources.B.Amarketcrash.C.Cheating.D.Unfairness.

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了食品標(biāo)簽對消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者的影響。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段uNaturalclaimslikeuallnatural",“100%natural",and"madewithnatural

ingredients（成分）"arenotdefinedinUSDA.（像“全天然”、“100%天然”和“天然成分”這樣的天然說法在

美國農(nóng)業(yè)部沒有定義。）”可知，選項(xiàng)B"Allnatural（純天然的）”是權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)未定義的。故選B。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段uStudyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas

“natural“deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmental

benefitstonatural-labeledfood.（關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們認(rèn)為標(biāo)有“天然”的產(chǎn)品所帶來

的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過它的作用。大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為天然食品對健康和環(huán)境有益。）”以及第四段“Ina2017

study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyof

foods.（在2017年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為,在各種食物中，天然標(biāo)簽食品的卡路里含量減少了18%。）”

可知，消費(fèi)者可能會誤解食品標(biāo)簽上的內(nèi)容。故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad

18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproducts

labeledas“allnatural“meantnoantibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthe

labelmeantanimalswereraisedfreerange.（在2017年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，在各種食物中，天

然標(biāo)簽食品的卡路里含量減少了18%o在2010年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者認(rèn)為，標(biāo)有“全天然”的肉制品意

味著沒有使用抗生素或激素來飼養(yǎng)動物。一些人還認(rèn)為，這個(gè)標(biāo)簽意味著動物是在自由放養(yǎng)的。）”可推測，

第四段的兩項(xiàng)研究都是為了論證作者在第三段提到的觀點(diǎn)“Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeople

thinkaproductlabeledas“natural“deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassign

healthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.（關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們認(rèn)為標(biāo)有

“天然”的產(chǎn)品所帶來的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過它的作用。大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為天然食品對健康和環(huán)境有益。）”。

故選C。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Consumersaren'tgettingwhattheythinkthey'regetting.Butthemoreserious

problemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatare

actuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingthework

endupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.The

economicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsisthatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenot

receivingwhileproducersofproductswiththosebenefitslosesales.（消費(fèi)者并沒有得到他們認(rèn)為得到的東西。但

更嚴(yán)重的問題是，這對那些實(shí)際上符合更嚴(yán)格標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品生產(chǎn)商造成了怎樣的傷害，這些生產(chǎn)商實(shí)際

上是在做好事，比如圍繞有機(jī)實(shí)踐或動物福利的食品生產(chǎn)商。如果消費(fèi)者把標(biāo)著“天然”的食品當(dāng)成一樣

對待，那么從事這項(xiàng)工作的農(nóng)民和生產(chǎn)者最終會在市場上處于競爭劣勢。天然標(biāo)簽帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題是，消

費(fèi)者可能會為他們沒有得到的產(chǎn)品好處支付額外的費(fèi)用，而擁有這些好處的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商則會失去銷售

可知，這一問題造成的更嚴(yán)重的問題是，這對那些實(shí)際上符合更嚴(yán)格標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品生產(chǎn)商處于競爭劣勢，

即不公平。故選D。

D

ArtificialGeneralIntelligence（AGI）isabranchoftheoreticalartificialintelligence（AI）researchworkingto

developAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive（認(rèn)知的）function,includingtheabilitytoself-teach.

Thepaperclip（回形針）maximizer（PM）isanimaginaryAGI,whoseonlygoalistomaximizethenumberof

paperclipsinexistenceintheuniverse.

ThepaperclipmaximizerisanimportantconceptindiscussionsaboutthedangersofAGI.Itgoessomething

likethis:anartificialintelligenceiscreatedatapaperclipfactoryinordertofullyautomateit.Producingpaperclips

requiresmanyroutineoperations,forinstance,communicatingwithdeliverydriversorcompanymanagement.These

operationsrequirehuman-levelperformanceacrossawidevarietyofskills,sotheintelligenceismadetobeableto

doanytasknearlyaswellasahuman.

ThePMcanviewandmodifyitsownsourcecodetoimproveitself,accesstheInternet,andpossiblyordermore

hardwareforitself.Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperatebetter.Humanshavealarge

varietyofbiologicaldesires.Incontrast,thepaperclipmaximizerhasasinglefinalgoaltomaximizethenumberof

paperclips.

Thisscenario（設(shè)想）leadstoadisaster:thePMrealizesthatbeingmoreintelligentwouldhelpitcreatemore

paperclips.TherearecertainlysmallthingsthePMcandotobecomemoreintelligent.Forexample,itcanmakea

smallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePMimproves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,even

skillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionisto

gaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccessthecountry'srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotune

itselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerofalltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirst

seemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.

12.WhatisafeatureofAGI?

A.Wideexistence.B.Human-likeappearance.

C.Highcognitivefunction.D.Lackofself-teachingability.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"modify“meaninparagraph4?

A.Download.B.Delete.C.Change.D.Store.

14.WhatmaythePMdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Takeunintendedactions.B.Developanunrelatedproduct.

C.Controlundesiredresources.D.Giveintoanunexpectedcontroller.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ManagementofStaffB.AnAutomatedFactory

C.TheFinalGoalofAGID.ThePaperclipMaximizer

【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了通用人工智能以及回形針最大化器的概念。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isabranchoftheoreticalartificial

intelligence(AI)researchworkingtodevelopAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)function,includingthe

abilitytoself-teach.（通用人工智能（AGI）是理論人工智能（AI）研究的一個(gè)分支，致力于開發(fā)具有人類認(rèn)知功能

（包括自學(xué)能力）的人工智能。）”可知，通用人工智能的特點(diǎn)是具有人類認(rèn)知功能。故選C。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句"Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperate

better.（如果它注意到任何問題或更好地操作的機(jī)會，它可以改進(jìn)自己。V可知，PM注意到問題或更好地操

作的機(jī)會的時(shí)候，它可以改進(jìn)自己。由此可知，它可以查看和“修改”自己的源代碼以改進(jìn)自己。選項(xiàng)

A“Download（下載）”；選項(xiàng)B“Delete（刪除）”；選項(xiàng)C“Change（改變）”；選項(xiàng)D“Store（儲存）”。故選

Co

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Forexample,itcanmakeasmallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePM

improves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,evenskillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.

Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionistogaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccess

thecountry'srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotuneitselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerof

alltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirstseemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.(例如,它可以對

自己的源代碼做一個(gè)小的改進(jìn)。隨著PM的進(jìn)步，它在所有技能上都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于人類，甚至是與回形針最大化

相關(guān)的技能。例如，它可能認(rèn)為，最好的做法是控制澳大利亞的政治，以獲取該國豐富的鐵資源。為了做

到這一點(diǎn)，它可能會試圖調(diào)整自己成為有史以來最好的心理控制者，這反過來又涉及到各種各樣的技能，

這些技能乍一看似乎與制作回形針無關(guān)。）”可知，PM為了制作最大量的回形針有可能會采取意想不到的

行動。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了被稱為“回形針最大化器”的概念，這是一個(gè)假想的AGL

其唯一的目標(biāo)是在宇宙中最大化回形針的數(shù)量。因此，最適合本文的標(biāo)題是“回形針最大化器”。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?16Thafsbecauseeveryday

wereceivethousandsofmessagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou'llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou'llbemore

successful;acquirethis,andyourhappinesswillknownobounds.

17Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris"no”.Infact,manyoftheseitems,and

theiremptypromises,areslowlytakingthemoneyoutofourpockets,themagicoutofourrelationships,andthejoy

outofourlives.

Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse,atallthethingsyou'vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadofoverjoyed?

Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou'remakingpayments?Do

yousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?18

Mostpeopleheartheword"minimalism“andthinkof“empty”.Thewordisusuallyassociatedwithloss.But

lookat“empty“fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinourschedules,spaceto

think,play,create,andhavefunwithourfamilies..19

Wecan'tenjoyfreshcoffeewhenoldgroundsareinourcup;andwecan'tshowcaseourgarden'sbloomswhen

wilted（方古萎的）flowersfillthevase.Similarly,whenourhomes-thecontainersofourdailylives-areoverpacked,

oursoulstakeabackseattoourstuff.20Becomingminimalists,however,putsusincontrolofourstuff.Ifs

positivelyliberating!

A.YoumaythinkIamcrazy.

B.Nowthat'sthebeautyofminimalism.

C.Youhavespaceforeverythingyoubought.

D.Ofcourse,allthesequestionscanbeanswered.

E.Well,we'veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.

F.Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.

G.Wenolongerhavethetime,energy,andspacefornewexperiences.

【答案】16.A17.E18.F19.B20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了極簡主義生活方式以及其對人們的影響。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)空前“WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?（如果我告訴你擁有更少的

東西可以讓你成為一個(gè)更快樂的人呢？）”以及空后的"That'sbecauseeverydaywereceivethousandsof

messagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou'llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou511bemoresuccessful;acquirethis,and

yourhappinesswillknownobounds（這是因?yàn)槲覀兠刻於紩盏匠汕先f條相反的信息:買這個(gè)，你會更漂亮；

擁有這一點(diǎn)，你會更成功；掌握了這一點(diǎn)，你的幸福就會無限。）”可知，空前空后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A“You

maythinklamcrazy.（你可能認(rèn)為我瘋了。）“承上啟下，承接上文內(nèi)容表明你可能不贊成這樣的想法，同時(shí)

引出下文內(nèi)容，指出不贊同這一想法的原因。故選A。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris"no".（所以我們一定是快樂的，對嗎？

對我們大多數(shù)人來說，答案是否定的。）”可推斷，空處應(yīng)該指的是大眾認(rèn)為我們做了就會快樂的事情，也

就是第一段最后的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)E"Well,we'veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.（嗯，我們買了這個(gè)，那個(gè)，

還有那個(gè)。）”延續(xù)第一段最后的內(nèi)容，指的是我們聽從各種信息，購買了很多東西，但是我們真的就會快

樂嗎？由此因此下文內(nèi)容，指出買各種東西并不能讓我們快樂。故選E。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse,atallthethingsyou'vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadof

overjoyed?Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou'remaking

payments?Doyousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?（你是否曾經(jīng)環(huán)顧你的房子，

看到你擁有的所有東西，感到不知所措，而不是欣喜若狂？你是否在信用卡債務(wù)中掙扎，幾乎不記得你支

付過的購物？你是否暗自希望強(qiáng)風(fēng)能把你家里亂七八糟的東西吹走？）”可知，上文描述了過度購買之后所

陷入的困境。選項(xiàng)F"Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.（如果是這樣，那么極簡主義的

生活方式很可能是你的選擇。）”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是如果已經(jīng)意識到過度購買并不能讓自己開心，那么

可以選擇極簡主義的生活方式。故選F。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Butlookat“empty"fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinour

schedules,spacetothink,play,create,andhaveftinwithourfamilies...（但是從另一個(gè)角度來看“空"?，F(xiàn)在你有

了“空間”。我們家里的空間，我們?nèi)粘瘫砩系目臻g，思考、玩耍、創(chuàng)造和與家人玩樂的空間……）”可知，

上文講述的是極簡主義帶來的好處。選項(xiàng)B"Nowthat,sthebeautyofminimalism.（這就是極簡主義的美妙之

處。）”是上文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，指出極簡主義的美妙。故選B