高中英語UnitUnit2MoralsandVirtues重點語法單元話題寫作（學生版）

高中英語【人教版2019】必修第三冊UnitUnit2MoralsandVirtues重點語法+單元話題寫作【問題查找】單句語法填空1.A:Youlookreally___________(tire).Youshouldgohomeandhavearest.B:Yes,well,afivehouroperationispretty___________(tire).2.A:DidyouhearthatSusanandBobgotmarried?B:Really?That’sthemost___________(shock)newsIhaveheardtoday.3.A:Harry,youforgottoreturnmyphonecalllastnight!B:Oh,I'mverysorry.Iwenttosleep___________(listen)tomusic.4.A:Howcanyousitinside___________(play)gamesallday?Isn'tthereanythingmoreimportantyoucandowithyourtime?B:eon,Mum.It'saholiday.5.A:Themuseumwas___________(interest),wasn’tit?B:Itwasgreat.Iwasquite___________(interest)inthoseancientpiecesofjade.6.A:Areyousurethisisthemanyousawthatnight?B:That’sright.Frommywindow,Isawhim___________(e)intothebuilding.A:Didyouhearagunshotafterthat?B:No,butIheardpeople___________(shout)downstairs.B:Isawaninjuredman___________(lie)onthefloor.【要點精講】【重點語法】動詞ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語動詞ing形式作賓語補足語分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的謂語動詞通常是感官動詞或使役動詞。另外，分詞作賓補時，賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上存在主謂關系。賓語與賓語補足語之間是主動關系時，要么采用現在分詞的一般式doing作賓語補足語表示進行和主動，要么采用不定式作賓語補足語表示完成和主動，切不可用havingdone作賓補。賓語與賓語補足語之間是被動關系時，要么采用現在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)beingdone作賓語補足語表示進行和被動，要么采用過去分詞done作賓語補足語表示完成和被動，切不可用havingbeendone作賓補。一、現在分詞作賓補現在分詞作賓補，表示進行。doing表示主動的進行，beingdone表示被動的進行。此時句子的謂語動詞主要有以下兩種類型：1.感官動詞，如feel（感覺），find（發(fā)現），hear（聽見），see（看見），smell（聞見），listento（聽）等。如：Iheardhersingingthesong.我聽見她在唱這首歌。本句中，謂語動詞是hear，賓語是her，賓補是singingthesong.此處賓語和賓補是主動關系，所以采用現在分詞短語singingthesong表示“正在教室唱歌”。倘若要表示“她已經唱了歌”，則要用不定式作賓補表示“完成”的狀態(tài)。需要注意的是，在感官動詞后面，不定式作賓補不能帶to.另外，雖然不帶to的不定式和動詞原形的形式相同，但不能認為它是動詞原形，因為動詞原形只能作謂語，不能作賓補。如：Iheardhersingthesongintheclassroom.我聽見她唱了這首歌。本句采用不帶to的不定式singthesong作賓補，表示主動的完成。2.使役動詞，如make，get，have，bring，keep，send，set等，都有“致使，導致”的含義。這些詞作謂語時，可以使用doing作賓補，表示主動和進行。與感官動詞作謂語相同，在主動語態(tài)下，要表示完成含義，應當采用不帶to的不定式作賓補。如：Iamsorrytomakeyouwaiting.抱歉讓你一直等。Iamsorrytomakeyouwait.抱歉讓你等。動詞ing形式作狀語★動詞ing形式可作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、結果或伴隨情況等，其邏輯主語通常與句子的主語一致，動詞ing形式所表示的動作與主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系。如：Hearingthenews,wealljumpedwithjoy.Workinghard,you'llcertainlymakeyourdreametrue.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.Weighingalmostonehundredkilos,thestonewasmovedbytheboyalone.Herhusbanddiedin1960,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thelittlegirlwaslyinginbedcrying.★動詞ing形式的一般式所表示的動作常與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，其完成式（havingdone）所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。如：FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.Havingfoundahotel,webegantolookforarestaurant.★動詞ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如：Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.Nothavinggotananswer,Idecidedtowritehimanotherletter.★動詞ing形式作狀語，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等連詞，構成“連詞+動詞ing形式”結構。如：Johnhurthislegwhileplayingfootball.Themanturnedroundfromtimetotimeasifsearchingforsomeone.【拓展】動詞ing形式可以有其獨立的邏輯主語，二者構成獨立主格結構。如：Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.Weexploredthecave,Mikeactingasguide.【單元話題寫作】寓言評論寓言評論就是在讀者讀完寓言后的所感所想。從體裁上看，寓言評論屬于夾敘夾議的議論文。這種文章主要是以一般現在時介紹故事情節(jié)內容并對自己感興趣的某些地方發(fā)表觀點，表達自己的想法、感受，并且把故事推薦給他人等。文章可以分為三個部分。寫作指導[基本框架]第一部分：寓言故事簡介。對故事做個簡單的歸納介紹。第二部分：分析寓言情節(jié)。包括分析作者的寫作目的，故事的詳細情節(jié)和作者最后要求完成的目標等。第三部分：發(fā)表評論。對寓言故事中你所喜歡的和不喜歡的部分發(fā)表看法，也可以對整個故事進行總體評價。最后也可以把故事推薦給他人等。常用表達[常用詞匯]1.beoneofthemostpopularfables是最受歡迎的寓言之一2.beintendedtotellpeople...試圖告訴人們……3.Themostmovingpartisthat...最讓人感動的部分是……4.reflectthelifeconditionsofthosepoorpeople反映了那些貧窮人民的生活現狀5.havechancetointroducemyfavourite...有機會介紹我最喜歡的……6.insistondoingsth.堅持做……[常用語句]★精彩開頭1.ALittleHorseCrossestheRiverisoneofthemostpopularfablesIhaveeverread，whichimpressedmealotthen.《小馬過河》是我曾經讀過的最流行的寓言之一，當時它給我留下很深的印象。2.Thefableisintendedtotellpeoplethatthereisawaywherethereisawill.這則寓言試圖告訴人們：有志者事竟成。3.I'mmorethandelightedtointroducemyfavouritefabletoyou，whosenameisTheStoneOnTheRoad.我非常高興地把我最喜歡的寓言故事介紹給你們，它的名字為《路上的石頭》?！镎募丫?.Notknowingmuchaboutthereality，thelittleboyisconvincedthathelivesinaworldwithoutanyviolenceandcrimes.由于對現實了解不多，這個小男孩相信他生活在一個沒有暴力和犯罪的世界里。2.Havingsavedupalotofmoneyafterfiveyearsofhardwork，heisgoingbacktohishometowntobuildahouseandmarryagirl.經過五年的努力，他已經攢了一大筆錢，因此他打算回老家蓋房娶妻。3.Thefableisalsosendingsuchamessagetous：dowellwhatweshoulddo，andlifewillreturnuswell.這則寓言也向我們傳達了這樣一個信息：做好我們該做的每一件事，生活就會給我們一個好的回饋?！镉辔督Y尾1.Weholdthestrongbeliefthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.我們堅信失敗是成功之母。2.Thefabletellsusthathardworkneverfailstopayoff.Weshouldbediligentinordertohaveabetterfuture.這則寓言告訴我們：努力工作終會獲得回報。我們應該勤奮努力以期待更加美好的未來。3.ThefableIreadwassoeducational/instructivethatIplannedtoremendittoallmyfriends.我讀的這則寓言如此有教育意義，因此我打算把它推薦給我所有的朋友們。4.Ithinkthefableiswellworthreading，whichmirrorsthelifeconditionsofthoseyoungpeople.我認為這則寓言非常值得一讀，它反映了那些年輕人的生活現狀。寫作訓練最近你在《伊索寓言》讀了《狐貍和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐貍因為摘不到葡萄而故意說葡萄是酸的。這個故事告訴我們：在現實生活中，我們有時也會和狐貍一樣，在面對錯誤或問題時，不是勇敢地去解決，而是不斷為自己找借口，現在請你根據故事內容并結合自己的情況或某些社會現象寫一篇評論。注意：1.詞數80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【查漏補缺】一、單句語法填空1.Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem__________(remain)inthehostfamily,__________(help)himcleanup.2.Theyoungmanwascaught__________(steal)acar.3.Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething__________(move)nearhisfeet.4.Itwasareally__________(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasvery__________(shock).5.Theflowers__________(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.6.Wefoundthehouseeasilywiththelittleboy_________(lead)theway.7.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim__________(lie)onabench,withhiseyes__________(fix)onakiteinthesky.8.Awomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersixyearoldson,Zejd,whohasa__________(hear)disability.9.Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboats__________(pass)by.10.Themostpopularpastimeis__________(play)chess.二、語法填空（語法）Ijusthada(n)1._____________(interest)journeytoChengduwithmyparents.Before2._____________(leave),wemadesomeplans.WesearchedtheInternet,3._____________(learn)thatChengduisacitywithmanyplacesofinterest.Thenwemadeareservation(預約)withatravelagencysothataguidecouldshowusaround.Wewerewarmlygreetedbyourguidewhen4._____________(arrive)attheairport.Then,westartedourtrip.5._____________(follow)theguide,wefirstwenttoChengduGiantPandaBreedingBase,wherewesawalotofpandasandother6._____________(amuse)animals.Themost7._____________(excite)thingwasthatwehadthechancetotouchcutepandababiesandtakepictureswiththem.What’smore,ourguide8._____________(live)inChengduforsomanyyearstookustoenjoysomedeliciouslocalfoodsuchasChengduHotPot,KungPaochickenandMapoDoufu.Nowondereveryone9._____________(e)toChengduneverwantstoleave.三、改寫句子EXAMPLE:BecauseIdidnotknowanyone,Isatalonemyseatfortwohours.→Notknowinganyone,Isataloneinmyseatortwohours.AlthoughJoewasupsetbythereporter'swords,herespondedtohisquestionspolitely.→Althoughupsetbythereporterswords,Joerespondedtohisquestionspolitely.1.Asshewasfrightenedbythenoise,Amyturnedonallthelightsinthehouse._______________________________________________________________________2.Whiletheyweredrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangaroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad._______________________________________________________________________3.Afterwewatchedthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave._______________________________________________________________________4.AsIcameoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting(爆發(fā))._______________________________________________________________________5.Aftersheturnedfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling._______________________________________________________________________6.Becauseshedidn’twanttobelate,sallyrantothesubwaystation._______________________________________________________________________7.Timwasfeelingtired,sohewenttobedassoonashegothome._______________________________________________________________________8.Afterhegatheredallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild._______________________________________________________________________【梳理優(yōu)化】動詞ing形式作狀語1.動詞ing形式所表示的動作與主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系2.完成式（havingdone）所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前3.動詞ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not4.動詞ing形式作狀語，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等連詞，構成“連詞+動詞ing形式”結構動詞ing形式作賓語補足語分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的謂語動詞通常是感官動詞或使役動詞。賓語與賓語補足語之間是主動關系時doing→進行和主動省略to的不定式（do）→完成和主動賓語與賓語補足語之間是被動關系時beingdone→進行和被動done→完成和被動【強化鞏固】一、單句語法填空1.Withsomanythings______________(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticalsuggestions.2.Withmoreandmorefarmers______________(rush)intocity,theirchildren’seducationisaproblem.3.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______________(rise)fromthehouse.4.______________(work)allday,theyareverytired.5.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone______________(call)forhelp?6.Themanagerwouldliketoseehisplan______________(carry)outassoonaspossible.7.Hewassoangrythathethrewthetoyontheground,______________(break)itintopieces.8.Thegirlwasnoticed______________(quarrel)withanoldmanat9o’clockyesterday.9.______________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.10.______________(go)straightdowntheroad,youwillfindthehospital.二、課文語法填空Whenshewasfiveyearsold,LinQiaozhiwasdeeply1.___________(affect)byhermother’s2.___________(die).Atage18,shechosetostudymedicine.Eightyearslater,Lingraduated3.___________PekingUnionMedicalCollegeand4.___________(immediate)becamethefirstwomanever5.___________(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB－GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.In1941,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.6.___________(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.In1954,she7.___________(elect)tothefirstNationalPeople’sCongress.DrLindidnotretire8.___________thedayshedied,22April1983.Sinceshehadnochildrenofherown,shelefther9.___________(save)toakindergartenand10.___________fundfornewdoctors.三、完成句子1.________________________________________________________________________________________在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。2.________________________________________________________________________________________我下車的時候注意到一個男人正從銀行里跑出來。3.________________________________________________________________________________________看到那些畫,她想起了自己的童年。4.________________________________________________________________________________________我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動。5.________________________________________________________________________________________我們已經作好了充分準備,現在可以考了。6.________________________________________________________________________________________隨著另一個問題的出現,許多消費者不滿意了。7.________________________________________________________________________________________由于不知道石頭底下藏著金幣,很多人都沒有嘗試去搬走它。8.________________________________________________________________________________________你不能讓你的兒子周末整天都待在家里學習。9.________________________________________________________________________________________下了十多天雨,致使河水上漲。10.________________________________________________________________________________________他們不應該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么?！菊n后練習】一、閱讀理解DrDianFossey,oneoftheworld'sleadingwomenscientists,hadaremarkablecareer.Thework—shedevotedherlifetoprotectingandstudyingthemountaingorillas(大猩猩)ofAfrica—hasprovedhighlyeffectiveandhasresultedinthesteady(平穩(wěn)的)increaseofthismostendangeredgreatapes.FosseymadeherfirsttriptoAfricain1963.Threeyearslater,shereturnedtoAfricatobeginalongtermstudyofthemountaingorillas.ShesetupcampintheDemocraticRepublicofCongobutmovedtoRwandabecauseofpoliticalreasonsin1967.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”ResearchCentrecamponSeptember24,1967.Fossey'saimsweretostudygorillaecology(生態(tài)學)andsocialorganization.Shefoundthatinordertoachievethis,sheneededtorecognizeindividualgorillas,whichrequiredthatthegorillasgetusedtoherpresence(出現).Bycopyinggorillas,behaviourandsounds,Fosseybegantogaintheirtrust,andin1970anadultmalegorillashehadnamed“Peanuts”reachedouttotouchherhand.CloseobservationsoverthousandsofhoursenabledFosseytogainthegorillas'trustandbringforthnewknowledgeabouttheirbehaviour.StoriesandphotographsofherworkwerepublishedinNationalGeographicMagazineandelsewhere.In1977,oneofFossey'sfavoritegorillas,Digit,waskilledbypoachersandsheestablishedtheDigitFundtohelpraisemoneyforgorillaprotectioneffortsinthesameyear.OnDecember26,1985,FosseywasmurderedwhilegoingbacktoherhouseinKarisoke.Herbodywasdiscoveredneartheresearchcentre.Mostprobably,DianFosseyhadbeenkilledbythepoachersshe'dfoughtagainst.Onhertombstone(墓碑)：“Noonelovedgorillasmore…”1.Whydoestheauthorsay“DrDianFosseyhadaremarkablecareer”?A.Becauseshetravelledallovertheworld. B.Becauseshelikedtoplaywithgorillas.C.Becauseshestudiedgorillaecology. D.Becauseshemadegreatapesincreasesteadily.2.WhichofthefollowingshowstherighttimeorderoftheeventsinFossey'slife?a.SheestablishedtheDigitFund. b.Herstorywasshowninamovie.c.Shewaskilledprobablybythepoachers. d.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”centre.A.adcb B.acdb C.dcba D.dacb3.Theunderlinedword“poachers”inParagraph5probablyreferstopeoplewho________.A.selldrugsagainstthelaw B.huntanimalsagainstthelaw