中考二輪復(fù)習重點語法精講精練專項八+句子種類課件

2024河北中考二輪復(fù)習重點語法精講精練專項八

句子種類考點突破2024備考提能訓練1.陳述句（1）基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句S+V（主語+不及物動詞）Class

begins.開始上課。S+V+P（主語+連系動詞+表語）①He

looks

worried.他看起來很擔心。②English

is

very

helpful.英語非常有用。S+V+O（主語+及物動詞+賓語）He

finished

his

homework

before

8：00.他在八點前完成了作業(yè)。結(jié)構(gòu)例句S+V+IO+DO（主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語）=S+V+DO+for/to+IO（主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+for/to+間接賓語）He

lent

me

a

car=He

lent

a

car

to

me.他借給我一輛汽車。S+V+O+OC（主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語）The

teacher

tells

me（not）

to

leave.老師告訴我（不）要離開。續(xù)表（2）基本形式用法例句肯定句式謂語動詞不含否定詞。分為兩種，一種為正常語序，一種為倒裝語序①My

parents

are

both

doctors.我的父母都是醫(yī)生。②Here

you

are.給你。否定句式如果句子的謂語是be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，在這些動詞之后加not，常用縮略形式①She

isn't

my

friend.她不是我的朋友。②I

can't

go

with

you.我不能和你一起去。③I

haven't

seen

the

film.我沒有看過這部電影。如果句子的謂語是實義動詞，在謂語動詞前要加助動詞don't，doesn't，didn'tTom

doesn't

like

playing

the

piano.湯姆不喜歡彈鋼琴。（3）There

be

句型（存現(xiàn)句）結(jié)構(gòu)例句不同時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：There

is/are+...There

are

three

boys

and

a

girl

under

the

tree.樹下有三個男孩和一個女孩。一般過去時：There

was/were+...There

was

an

important

meeting

in

our

school

last

Monday.上周一我們學校有一個重要的會議。一般將來時：There

will

be...There

is/are

going

to+be...There

is

going

to

be

a

sports

meeting

in

our

town.在我們鎮(zhèn)上將有一場運動會。結(jié)構(gòu)例句不同句式肯定句：There

be+sb./sth.（主語）+地點/時間狀語.There

is

some

vegetables

in

the

fridge.冰箱里有一些蔬菜。否定句：There

be

not/no+sb./sth.（主語）+地點/時間狀語.There

isn't

any

fruit

in

the

fridge.冰箱里沒有水果了。一般疑問句：Be+there+sb./sth.（主語）+地點/時間狀語？Is

there

any

water

in

the

bottle?瓶子里有水嗎？特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+sb./sth.（主語）+be+there+地點/時間狀語？How

many

apples

are

there

in

the

basket?籃子里有多少蘋果？續(xù)表注意：遵循就近原則。be動詞必須和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，如果主語是兩個或兩個以上的并列主語，be動詞一般和鄰近主語的數(shù)保持一致。2.疑問句（1）一般疑問句：用于詢問某事是否屬實，通常用yes或no來回答。構(gòu)成形式例句Be動詞+主語+其他?—Is

she

your

sister?她是你的妹妹嗎?—Yes，she

is./No，she

isn't.是的，她是。/不，她不是。情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他?—Must

I

finish

the

report?我必須完成報告嗎?—Yes，you

must./No，you

needn't.是的，你必須。／不，你不必。助動詞+主語+動詞原形/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞+其他?—Did

Tom

go

to

the

zoo?湯姆去過動物園了嗎?—Yes，he

did./No，he

didn't.是的，他去了。/不，他沒有去。（2）特殊疑問句：用特殊疑問詞（組）引導的疑問句叫作特殊疑問句，回答時不能使用yes或no，而是根據(jù)實際情況作答。含義及用法例句who“誰”，詢問身份Who

is

the

man

under

the

tree?樹底下的那個男人是誰?which“哪一個”，詢問特定的人或物Which

book

do

you

like?你喜歡哪一本書?what“什么”，詢問職業(yè)或身份等—What

is

he?他是干什么的?—He's

a

teacher.他是一名教師。when“什么時候”，詢問時間When

did

you

go

to

Shanghai

last

time?你上次去上海是什么時候?含義及用法例句where“哪里”，詢問地點、位置Where

is

he

from?他來自哪里?why“為什么”，詢問原因Why

are

you

late

again?你為什么又遲到了?續(xù)表含義及用法例句how“怎樣，如何”，詢問方式、感受等How

do

you

go

to

school?你怎樣去上學?whose“誰的”，詢問所屬關(guān)系Whose

is

this?這是誰的?how

far“多遠”，詢問距離How

far

is

it

from

here

to

your

home?從這兒到你家有多遠?續(xù)表含義及用法例句how

long“多長”，詢問物體長度How

long

is

the

desk?這張書桌有多長?“多長時間”，詢問時間長短，答語用“for+一段時間”或“since+時間點”—How

long

have

you

taught

in

the

school?你在這所學校教書教了多長時間了?—For

ten

years.十年了。how

many“多少”，詢問數(shù)量，后跟可數(shù)名詞How

many

books

do

you

have?你有多少本書?續(xù)表含義及用法例句how

much“多少”，詢問數(shù)量，后跟不可數(shù)名詞How

much

water

do

you

need?你需要多少水?“多少錢”，詢問價格How

much

are

these

books?這些書多少錢?how

often“多久一次”，詢問頻率How

often

do

you

go

swimming?你多久去游泳一次?how

soon“多久之后”，詢問將來的時間，答語用“in+一段時間”—How

soon

will

you

come

back?你多久回來?—In

two

days.兩天之后。how

old“多大”，詢問年齡How

old

are

you?你多大了?續(xù)表（3）選擇疑問句：說話人提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種情況作答的疑問句叫作選擇疑問句，列出的選擇之間常用or連接，選擇疑問句不用yes或no回答，可用完整的陳述句或其簡略形式作答。構(gòu)成形式例句一般疑問句+選擇項A+or+選擇項B?—Do

you

like

noodles

or

rice?你喜歡面條還是米飯?—I

like

rice.我喜歡米飯。特殊疑問句，選擇項A+or+選擇項B?—Which

shirt

do

you

like

better，the

red

one

or

the

blue

one?你更喜歡哪件襯衫，紅色的還是藍色的?—I

like

the

red

one.我喜歡紅色的這件。3.感嘆句形式結(jié)構(gòu)例句what引導的感嘆句What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！What

a

beautiful

flower（it

is）!多么漂亮的一朵花?。hat+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（+主語+謂語）！What

interesting

books

（they

are）!多么有趣的書啊！What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！What

fine

weather

（it

is）!多么好的天氣啊！形式結(jié)構(gòu)例句how引導的感嘆句How+形容詞／副詞（+主語+謂語）！How

fine

the

weather

is!多么好的天氣?。ow+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！How

beautiful

a

dress（it

is）!多么漂亮的一條連衣裙啊！How+主語+謂語！How

time

flies!時間過得多快?。±m(xù)表4.祈使句形式結(jié)構(gòu)及用法例句肯定形式（Please+）動詞原形+其他Open

the

door，please.請打開門。Be+表語Be

happy.開心點兒。Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他（常用于第一、三人稱，表示建議、邀請和勸說等）Let's

go

shopping.我們?nèi)ベ徫锇?。形式結(jié)構(gòu)及用法例句否定形式Don't+動詞原形+其他Don't

play

with

fire.不要玩火。Don't

let+賓語+動詞原形+其他=Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他Don't

let

him

go

there

alone.=Let

him

not

go

there

alone.不要讓他獨自去那里。No+名詞/動名詞①No

photos！禁止拍照?、贜o

parking！禁止停車！Never+動詞原形+其他Never

give

up!永不放棄！續(xù)表Ⅰ.單項選擇。1.（2023南京）—May，

___

is

the

e-mail

from?—A

new

friend.His

name

is

Mike

and

he

lives

in

Newcastle.AA.who

B.how

C.when

D.what2.（2023宿遷）—There

___

a

lot

of

new

magazines

in

our

school

reading

room.—Oh，really?Shall

we

go

there

this

afternoon?CA.is

B.was

C.are

D.were3.（2023撫順）Look!There

___

some

information

about

traffic

safety

in

this

book.AA.is

B.are

C.was

D.were4.（2023長春）—

___

do

you

visit

your

grandparents?—Once

a

week.I

play

chess

with

them

every

Sunday

evening.AA.How

often

B.How

much

C.How

long

D.How

far5.（2022濟南）—Dad，shall

we

go

to

the

library

by

bike

or

by

car?—

___.There

is

no

parking

lot

there.DA.Yes，we

will

B.No，we

won't

C.By

car

D.By

bike6.You

will

lose

marks

in

the

exam

if

you

___

your

handwriting.AA.don't

improve

B.didn't

improve

C.won't

improve

D.isn't

improving7.（2023南京）___

amazing

activity!I

will

never

forget

the

charity

show.DA.How

B.What

C.How

an

D.What

an8.（2023綏化改編）—Attention，please!

___

inside

because

of

the

heavy

rain.—We

will，Mr.Li.BA.To

stay

B.Stay

C.Staying

D.Stayed9.（2023涼山州改編）—

___

clean

the

classroom

is!—So

it

is.The

students

clean

it

every

day.AA.How

B.What

C.What

a

D.How

a10.（2023白銀）___

trying

and

do

your

best.AA.Keep

B.Keeping

C.To

keep

D.KeptⅡ.連詞成句。11.（2023河北）（1）fine，what，weather_________________!What

fine

weather（2）a

great

day，a

picnic，it's，for__________________________.It's

a

great

day

for

a

picnic（3）go

to，we，the

beach，shall________________________?Shall

we

go

to

the

beach（4）food，I'll，some，take__________________.I'll

take

some

food（5）have，we'll，I，a

good

time，believe______________________________.I

believe

we'll

have

a

good

time12.（2022河北）（1）beautiful，the

park，how，is________________________!How

beautiful

the

park

is（2）green，I，trees，like，the____________________.I

like

the

green

trees（3）at，over

there，look，the

sign__________________________.Look

at

the

sign

over

there（4）what，it，say，does________________?What

does

it

say（5）can't，we，it，climb

trees，says__________________________.It

says

we

can't

climb

trees13.（2021河北）（1）my，it，birthday，was，yesterday___________________________.It

was

my

birthday

yesterday（2）classmates，I，with，had

a

party，my_______________________________.I

had

a

party

with

my

classmates（3）sang，to，they，me，a

birthday

song_______________________________.They

sang

a

birthday

song

to

me（4）games，there

were，fun，lots

of____________________________.There

were

lots

of

fun

games（5）a

great

time，we，what，had_________________________!What

a

great

time

we

had14.（2020河北）（1）you，tea，like，some，would_________