人教部編版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)文19《蘇州園林》課件

2024/4/1InternationalAccounting

andMultinationalEnterprises上海金融學(xué)院會(huì)計(jì)財(cái)務(wù)管理系王純2024/4/1InternationalAccounti2024/4/1InternationalAuditingIssuesChapterTwelve2024/4/1InternationalAuditing2024/4/1InternationalAuditingIssues

IntroductionAuditorsasbothindividualsandfirmsaregoingincreasinglyinternationalduetoincreasedglobalizationofbusiness;Financialadvisorsmustbeasmultinationalastheirclients;Toaccomplishthisprofessionalaccountantshaveformedglobalorganizations,12024/4/1InternationalAuditing2024/4/1Introduction(Cont.)Externalauditorsprovideclientswithglobalvalueaddedservices,including:Taxadvice,Training,FinancingControlsReview,BasicAccountingServices.22024/4/1Introduction(Cont.)Ex2024/4/1TheAccountingandAuditingProfessionAuditingasdefinedby:Quantifiableandverifiablefinancialdataofeconomicentities;Establishedcriteria;Acompetentandindependentpersontotestthecorrespondencebetweenthedataandthecriteria.Thisdefinitionmustbeconsideredinlightofdifferingdomestic/internationalaccounting/auditingstandards.32024/4/1TheAccountingandAud2024/4/1TheAccountingand

AuditingProfession(Cont.)4Auditorqualityrelatestoanation’s:Viewoftheaccountingprofession,Anation’seducationalsystem,andMethodofcertificationofauditorsandaccountant.2024/4/1TheAccountingand

Au2024/4/1GlobalAuditServicesandtheInternationalAuditingChallengeServicesprovidedbyglobalauditfirms:Auditservices;Taxadvisoryservices;Consulting/Managementservices.Theglobalenvironmentpresentsuniquechallengesforauditors:Localbusinesspractices/customs;Differencesincurrency,language,andlaw;Distanceandorganizationalissues;Availabilityofsuitablepersonnel.52024/4/1GlobalAuditServices2024/4/1LocalBusinessPracticesandCustomsCancreatechallengesinconfirmingwhathasoccurred:Paymentbycashratherthancheckiscommoninmanycountriesmakingrecord-keepingdifficult;Confirmingaccountsreceivableisdifficultduetolanguagedifferences,lackofcustomerexperiences,mailproblems,andprivacyissues.62024/4/1LocalBusinessPractic2024/4/1Currency,LanguageandLawManycountrieshavecurrencyrestrictionsandtransferrequirements;Translationandtransactionalissuesmustbeunderstood;Ignoranceofthelocallanguagecanbeafatalhandicap;Knowledgeofhowhomecountrylawsinteractwithlocallawsisessential.72024/4/1Currency,Languageand2024/4/1DistanceandOrganizationforProvidingAuditServicesOrganizingaglobalauditingfirmtoperformservicesisverydifficult;Distanceisamajorconcernformultinationalenterprisesandcanlimitthescopeofauditservices;Solutionstothedistanceprobleminclude:Traveltoforeignclients,Physicalorlegalpresenceabroad.82024/4/1DistanceandOrganizat2024/4/1AvailabilityofSuitablePersonnel9Findingqualifiedpersonneltostaffforeignofficescanbedifficult;Thenumberofaccountantsavailabledependsonthebarrierstoenteringtheprofession,suchastestingandeducational/certificationrequirements;Globaltrainingandcertificationofaccountantscanvaryconsiderably,threemodelsexist:Apprenticeship,University,andDualTrack.2024/4/1AvailabilityofSuitab2024/4/1Numerousnationalrestrictionspreventthemovementofaccountingprofessionalsbetweencountries;TheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices(GATS)addressesreciprocityissues:Signatoriesagreetoadministerlicensingrulesinareasonable,objectiveandimpartialmanner,Countriesareencouragedtorecognizeothercountries’qualifications,TheUS,Canada,andAustraliahaveagreedtosimplifiedstandardsforreciprocity.10AvailabilityofSuitablePersonnel(Cont.)2024/4/1Numerousnationalrest2024/4/1Strategies:Accountingfirms“goglobal”tobetterservicetheirclientsandtoprotecttheirmarkets.Thefivelargestglobalpublicaccountingfirmsare:ArthurAnderson,Deloitte-Touche,ErnstandYoung,KPMG,andPrice-WaterhouseCoopers.11GlobalAccountingFirms2024/4/1Strategies:11GlobalAc2024/4/1Strategies(cont.):Sincethe1980’s,manyglobalaccountingfirmshavegrownthroughmergers;Globalfirmshavealsobeganorganizingaroundindustry.12GlobalAccountingFirms(Cont.)2024/4/1Strategies(cont.):12G2024/4/1Multinationalfirmsareincreasinglyrelyingonglobalaccountingfirmstoassisttheminattractinginternationalinvestors;Investorswantanobjectiveassessmentoffirmfinancialstatements.Auditstandardsdifferfromcountrytocountry;Auditstandardscomefromthepublicsector,privatesector,andacombinationofthetwo:Developedcountriesoftenrelyontheirprivatesectorstopromulgatestandards.13AuditStandards2024/4/1Multinationalfirmsar2024/4/1TheEUFourthandEighthDirectives:FourthDirectiverequiresauditsforallcompanieswithinitspurview,EighthDirectivedealswithauditstandardsandqualifications.14AuditStandards(Cont.)2024/4/1TheEUFourthandEigh2024/4/1TheInternationalFederationofAccountants(IFAC)isattemptingtoharmonizeauditstandardsandauditprofessions;IFACissuesguidanceinsixkeyareas:Auditing,Education,Ethics,FinancialManagementAccounting,InformationTechnology,andPublicSectorAccounting.15InternationalHarmonizationof

AuditStandards2024/4/1TheInternationalFede2024/4/1Wouldgiveusersinothercountriesconfidenceinauditreports,Providingreaderswithassurancethatauditstandardsarebeingfollowed;Helpreadersmakeinternationalfinancialc