將來時(shí)間表示法

FutureTense

Will/shall+infinitive

Will/shall+progressive/perfectiveinfinitive

Begoingto+infinitive

ConstructionsoffuturetimeBe+-ing

Beto+infinitiveSimplepresent

Will/shall+infinitive

Will用于第一、二、三人稱主語，shall用于第一人稱主語，這種將來意義常常帶著說話人的主觀態(tài)度和看法Youwillfailthetestifyoudon’tworkhard.Weshallknowtheresultnextweek.既表將來又有意愿或意圖Iwilldoit,ifyoulike.在疑問句中，可用來征詢聽話人的“意圖”Willyoubeathomethismorning?Will/shall+progressive/perfectiveinfinitive

帶有“自然要發(fā)生”的含義Thetrainwillbearrivingattwoo’clock.表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I’llbeworkinginParisduringMay.will/shall+不定式完成進(jìn)行體，表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作到將來某一時(shí)間仍在進(jìn)行BytheendofnextmonthIshallhavebeenworkingherefor20yearsexactly.不表示“將來”，而僅表示說話人的揣測(cè)Hurryup.Theywillbewaiting.Begoingto+infinitive

表示“意圖”，即打算在將來做的某事Wearegoingtocallameetingtodiscussit.表示“預(yù)見”，即在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況Imusthurry.I’mgoingtobelate.Begoingto表示的“意圖”通常是事先經(jīng)過考慮的，will+不定式所表示的“意圖”，則是說話時(shí)刻臨時(shí)想到的，在某些語境中，二者不可互換A:Whataterriblyheavybox!B:Iwillhelpyoutocarryit.Be+-ing表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等We’releavingonFriday.許多動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞都可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體表示將來Heiswritingtoyoutomorrow.“Be+ing”和“begoingto+不定式”都可表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)決定將做某事，兩者在某些語境中可交替使用Sheisgettingmarriedthisspring.Sheisgoingtogetmarriedthisspring.

表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作IamtoworkwithTomthisafternoon.TheQueenistovisitJapannextyear.表示命令、禁止或可能性等Tellhershe’snottobebacklate.Beto+infinitiveSimplepresent表示將來時(shí)間，常見于條件狀語和時(shí)間狀語分句IwillgiveittoyouafterIreturn.在主句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間通常按照時(shí)間表或既定日程一定會(huì)發(fā)生的將來事態(tài)TomorrowisSunday.He_________ifyouaskhim.(come)Thistimenextmonththesnow_________(melt)andskiing_______(be)over.They_________________theroadinthesummer.Ihopethey______________itbythetimewecomeback.(repair)willcome

willbemeltingwillbewillbe

willberepairingwillhaverepaired

Would+infinitive

Was/weregoingto+infinitive

pastfuture

Was/wereto+infinitive

PastprogressiveandsimplepastWas/wereaboutto+infinitive

Would+infinitive

表示過去將來時(shí)間通常帶有表示過去將來的時(shí)間狀語，而且多見于從屬分句Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可用would+不定式進(jìn)行體Hetoldhisfriendthatthistimenextyearhewouldbestudyingabroad.表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到過去將來某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)，可用would+不定式完成進(jìn)行體Bysixo’clockthatafternoon,theywouldhavebeencleaningthehouseforfivehours.Was/weregoingto+infinitive表示動(dòng)作或事態(tài)，也可以是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖LastSundayweweregoingtogoforapicnicbutitrained.Was/wereto+infinitive

表示過去將來，通常指按過去的計(jì)劃、安排將在某個(gè)過去將來時(shí)間發(fā)生的事態(tài)AsIwastoleavethenextday,IwenttobedearlyonSunday.表示以后不可避免地要發(fā)生的事件Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingtheywerenevertomeetagain.Pastprogressiveandsimplepast用過去進(jìn)行體表示過去將來通常指按過去的計(jì)劃、安排即將在某一過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的事態(tài)Thetrainwasleavingintwominutes.用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來通常用于某些條件狀語和時(shí)間狀語分句Hesaidhewouldtellherallaboutitifhemether.Was/wereaboutto+infinitive

通常指最近的過去將來事態(tài)Ifeltthatsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.在一定語境中常指未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Iwarnedyounottoeatsomuchlunchifyou__________________________(swim)yesterdayafternoon.WeknewthatFriday’smeeting____