中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：專題十四并列句和復(fù)合句

專題十四并列句和復(fù)合句中考考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)1

并列句并列句是由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。有時(shí)也可不用連詞,只用逗號(hào)或分號(hào)。并列連詞的分類表并列關(guān)系and,both...and...,notonly...but

also...,aswellas等表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,still,while,however等表選擇關(guān)系or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...等表因果關(guān)系so,for,therefore等考點(diǎn)2

賓語從句(1)在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。引導(dǎo)句that起連接主從句的作用,一般可以省略。I’mafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。引導(dǎo)詞what,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作成分。Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算做什么。when,where,why,how等連接副詞在從句中作狀語。Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們?cè)趺凑业侥莻€(gè)地方的嗎?引導(dǎo)詞當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時(shí),連接詞用whether或if,意為“是否”。CouldyoutellmewhetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天是否下雪嗎?語序從句一律用陳述語序,即“主語＋謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)。DoyouknowwhereTomlives?你知道Tom住在哪兒?jiǎn)?時(shí)態(tài)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。IthinkJoewenttoBeijingyesterday.我認(rèn)為Joe昨天去北京了。時(shí)態(tài)主句是一般過去時(shí),從句使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。KatesaidshewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.Kate說昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候她在看電視。從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí),不管主句使用什么時(shí)態(tài),從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。MissHusaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(續(xù)表)(2)賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化①當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.＝Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的電子郵件。②當(dāng)含有疑問詞的賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。③賓語從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語。Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.＝Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信Tom說的話。口訣記憶賓語從句的用法賓語從句三注意,時(shí)態(tài)、語序、引導(dǎo)詞。主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意。主句若是過去時(shí),主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致。賓從表達(dá)是真理,一般現(xiàn)在代過去。引導(dǎo)詞也不難,陳述要用that連。一般問句表“是否”,if或whether來引導(dǎo)。特殊問句作賓從,疑問詞引導(dǎo)就能行。還有一點(diǎn)要說明,陳述語序要記清。主句動(dòng)詞“猜想”詞,“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”莫忘記。特殊用法記心間,學(xué)好賓從不一般。

以下情況只能用whether不用if①動(dòng)詞不定式前只能用whether。Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。②后有ornot時(shí)用whether。Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道這是否是好消息。③介詞后只能用whether。Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewilllosehiswork.他的父親擔(dān)心他是否會(huì)失去工作。④賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)只能用whether。Whetherthisistrue,Ireallydon’tknow.這是否是真的,我真不知道。⑤句中已有if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或當(dāng)用if會(huì)發(fā)生歧義時(shí)用whether。Couldyoutellmewhetheryouknowtheanswer?你能告訴我你是否知道答案嗎?考點(diǎn)3

狀語從句狀語從句在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用,用來修飾主句中的謂語、定語或狀語,有時(shí)可修飾整個(gè)句子。常見的狀語從句:類別連詞(詞組)例句時(shí)間狀語從句when當(dāng)…時(shí);since

自從;until直到……為止;assoon

as

一…就……;before在……之前Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecame.當(dāng)他來的時(shí)候,我正在做作業(yè)。條件狀語從句if如果;unless除非We’llgotoseeyouifwearefree.如果我們有空,我們就去看你。原因狀語從句because

因?yàn)?since因?yàn)?既然;as

由于Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstartthemeeting.既然大家都在這兒,我們開會(huì)吧。(續(xù)表)類別連詞(詞組)例句目的狀語從句so

that為了Pleasespeakslowlysothatwecanfollowyou.請(qǐng)講慢點(diǎn),以便我們能跟上你。結(jié)果狀語從句so/such...that...

如此……以至于……Wegotupsolatethatwemissedtheearlybus.我們起得太晚了,以至于錯(cuò)過了早班車。讓步狀語從句although/though盡管Theairisaroundus,thoughwecan’tseeit.空氣在我們周圍,盡管我們看不到它。類別連詞(詞組)例句比較狀語從句than

比;as...as...和……一樣……;not

so/as...as...

不如……那樣……ItwasmuchbetterthanI’dexpected.它比我期待的要好得多。方式狀語從句as

像Wedidastheteachertoldus.我們按照老師告訴我們的做。地點(diǎn)狀語從句where哪里Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成?？键c(diǎn)4

定語從句定語從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞,在句中起定語的作用。被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞功能先行詞例句that,who主語、賓語、表語人Doyouknowthegirlwhooftencomeshere?你認(rèn)識(shí)經(jīng)常來這兒的那個(gè)女孩嗎?whom賓語He’s

the

boy

(whom)

I

talked

with

just

now.他就是剛才和我說話的男孩。關(guān)系詞功能先行詞例句that,which主語、賓語、表語事、物Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典是一本解釋單詞意思的書。時(shí)間I’ll

never

forget

the

days,which

we

spent

together.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谝黄鸬娜兆印hat,which主語、賓語、表語地點(diǎn)Theschool(that)wevisitedyesterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.昨天我們參觀的那所學(xué)校是上海的一所名校。whose定語人、物What’sthenameoftheboywhosefatherisadoctor?父親是名醫(yī)生的那個(gè)男孩叫什么名字?關(guān)系詞功能先行詞例句when時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間Istillrememberthedaywhenwemet.我還記得我們見面的那天。where地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)ThisistheplacewhereIstudiedlastyear.這是我去年學(xué)習(xí)的地方。why原因狀語原因Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.請(qǐng)告訴我你遲到的原因。

(1)只用that不用which的情況:①當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞(all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything等)或先行詞被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他做這件事。②當(dāng)先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時(shí)。Hedescribedinhisbookthepeopleandplacesthatinterestedhimmost.他在書中描述了最讓他感興趣的人和地方。③先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)。ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.這是我今年讀過的最好的書。④當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí)。Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.他是唯一去過那個(gè)地方的外國(guó)人。⑤主句是who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?正在踢足球的那個(gè)男孩是誰?(2)只用which不用that的情況:①先行詞本身是that,those時(shí)。What’sthatwhichmadesomuchnoisejustnow?剛才發(fā)出那么大噪聲的是什么?②一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí),為避免重復(fù),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.我給你看看那本我從新開放的圖書館借來的小說。(3)用who不用that的情況:先行詞如果是指人的不定代詞(one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等)不宜用that。專項(xiàng)能力檢測(cè)單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2022·江蘇宿遷)—Jenny,doyouknow

A

??

—Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceB.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceD.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceA

2.(2022·湖北武漢)—Canyoutellme

D

??

—Togetpracticalskills.A.whatdoyoulearnaboutsafetyB.whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC.howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbiesD.whyyoulearncookingatschool3.(2022·四川樂山改編)—Whatkindofbooksdoyoulikebest?—Ilikebooks

C

?areaboutscienceandtechnology.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseD

C

4.(2022·湖南岳陽改編)Theywonder

A

?.

A.ifrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsB.ifwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsC.whenrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsD.whenwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50years5.(2022·湖南邵陽改編)—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Linda?—Ilikemusic

B

?Icandanceto.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD.whereA

B

6.(2022·甘肅武威)Iwonder

C

?.

A.thatAprilisthehottestmonthinThailandB.doyouknowwhereIcanbuysomemedicineC.whetherJuneisagoodtimetovisitGansuD.howcanIimprovemypronunciation7.(2022·云南)—Yourstampsaresofantastic.Couldyoupleasetellme

D

??

—Oh,Iboughttheminthepostofficenexttothebank.A.whydidyoubuythemB.wheredidyoubuythemC.whyyouboughtthemD.whereyouboughtthemC

D

8.(2022·黑龍江綏化改編)Ican’tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity

A

?Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemories.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who9.(2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州)—Excuseme,couldyoutellme

D

??

—YoucantakebusNo.6there.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLakeB.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLakeD.howIcangettotheSlenderWestLakeA

D

10.(2022·四川成都改編)Romeisanancientcity

B

?isfullofplacesofinterest.

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.where11.(2022·四川成都改編)—Iwonder

B

?lifewillbedifferentinthefuture.

—Maybewewillbeabletoliveonanotherplanetwiththedevelopmentofspacetechnology.A.whenB.howC.whatD.whoseB

B

12.(2022·重慶)—Excuseme,doyouknow

B

??

—Yes.NextFriday.A.whenwillthevolunteerscomebackB.whenthevolunteerswillcomebackC.howwillthevolunteerscomebackD.howthevolunteerswillcomebackB

13.(2022·重慶)—Canyoutellme

B

??

—Yes.Inthelanguagecenter.A.wherewillthespeechcompetitionbeheldB.wherethespeechcompetitionwillbeheldC.whenwillthespeechcompetitionbeheldD.whenthespeechcompetitionwillbeheldB

14.(2022·四川瀘州)—Couldyoutellme

D

?forthefruit?

—Youcanjustpayonthephone.A.howmuchwillIpayB.howwillIpayC.howmuchIwillpayD.howIwillpayD

15.(2022·四川達(dá)州)—Doyoulikethemovie

A

?iscalledThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin?

—Sure.Ithinknomovieis

A

?thanit.

A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouchedA

A

16.(2022·四川達(dá)州)—Iwonder

D

?lateforschoolyesterday.

—Badluck!Igotuplateandmissedthebus.A.howyouwereB.whywereyouC.howwereyouD.whyyouwere17.(2022·四川自貢改編)—WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero

A

?keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.

A.whoB.whereC.whoseD.whenD

A

18.(2022·四川自貢改編)—Thismathexerciseis

C

?difficult

C

?Ican’tworkitout.

—Comeon!Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.A.such;thatB.so;whichC.so;thatD.such;whichC

C

19.(2022·江蘇連云港)—Couldyoupleasetellme

D

??

—YoucantakebusNo.2.A.whenwasthenearesthospitalbuiltB.howcanIgettothenearesthospitalC.whenthenearesthospitalwasbuiltD.howIcangettothenearesthospitalD

20.(2022·湖南懷化改編)—Doyouknow

B

??

—Sheisateacher.A.whatisLinda’sjobB.whatLinda’sjobisC.whatwasLinda’sjobD.howwasLinda’sjobB

21.(2022·云南昆明)—Couldyoupleasetellme

B

?whentheymeetforthefirsttimeinChina?

—Theyusuallyshakehands.A.whatdopeopleusuallydoB.whatpeopleusuallydoC.wheredopeopleusuallygoD.wherepeopleusuallygoB

22.(2021·四川瀘州)—Canyoutellme

A

?forthesummervacation?—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddoB.whatshouldIdoC.whenIshoulddoD.whenshouldIdo23.(2021·貴州銅仁)—Doyouknowtheboy

B

?handwritingwonthefirstinthecompetition?

—Oh,heisWangWei,ourmonitor.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichA

B

24.(2021·安徽)—I’mnotsure

C

?mysuggestionishelpfultoyou.

—Itcertainlyis.Everylittlebithelps.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.where25.(2021·天津)Mycousinbecameacountrydoctor

A

?hefinishedmedicalschool.

A.afterB.sothatC.butD.soC