中考英語二輪復習課件：專題十四并列句和復合句

專題十四并列句和復合句中考考點梳理考點分類突破考點1

并列句并列句是由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上相互獨立的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。有時也可不用連詞,只用逗號或分號。并列連詞的分類表并列關系and,both...and...,notonly...but

also...,aswellas等表轉折關系but,yet,still,while,however等表選擇關系or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...等表因果關系so,for,therefore等考點2

賓語從句(1)在復合句中充當賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。引導句that起連接主從句的作用,一般可以省略。I’mafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一個錯誤。引導詞what,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作成分。Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算做什么。when,where,why,how等連接副詞在從句中作狀語。Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們怎么找到那個地方的嗎?引導詞當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時,連接詞用whether或if,意為“是否”。CouldyoutellmewhetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天是否下雪嗎?語序從句一律用陳述語序,即“主語＋謂語”結構。DoyouknowwhereTomlives?你知道Tom住在哪兒嗎?時態(tài)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)實際情況使用相應時態(tài)。IthinkJoewenttoBeijingyesterday.我認為Joe昨天去北京了。時態(tài)主句是一般過去時,從句使用過去的某種時態(tài)。KatesaidshewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.Kate說昨天這個時候她在看電視。從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時,不管主句使用什么時態(tài),從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。MissHusaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉。(續(xù)表)(2)賓語從句的簡化①當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時,從句可簡化為不定式結構。IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.＝Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的電子郵件。②當含有疑問詞的賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時,從句可簡化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。③賓語從句可以簡化為名詞或名詞短語。Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.＝Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信Tom說的話。口訣記憶賓語從句的用法賓語從句三注意,時態(tài)、語序、引導詞。主句一般現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)隨句意。主句若是過去時,主從時態(tài)要一致。賓從表達是真理,一般現(xiàn)在代過去。引導詞也不難,陳述要用that連。一般問句表“是否”,if或whether來引導。特殊問句作賓從,疑問詞引導就能行。還有一點要說明,陳述語序要記清。主句動詞“猜想”詞,“否定轉移”莫忘記。特殊用法記心間,學好賓從不一般。

以下情況只能用whether不用if①動詞不定式前只能用whether。Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。②后有ornot時用whether。Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道這是否是好消息。③介詞后只能用whether。Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewilllosehiswork.他的父親擔心他是否會失去工作。④賓語從句放在句首表示強調時只能用whether。Whetherthisistrue,Ireallydon’tknow.這是否是真的,我真不知道。⑤句中已有if引導的狀語從句或當用if會發(fā)生歧義時用whether。Couldyoutellmewhetheryouknowtheanswer?你能告訴我你是否知道答案嗎?考點3

狀語從句狀語從句在復合句中起狀語作用,用來修飾主句中的謂語、定語或狀語,有時可修飾整個句子。常見的狀語從句:類別連詞(詞組)例句時間狀語從句when當…時;since

自從;until直到……為止;assoon

as

一…就……;before在……之前Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecame.當他來的時候,我正在做作業(yè)。條件狀語從句if如果;unless除非We’llgotoseeyouifwearefree.如果我們有空,我們就去看你。原因狀語從句because

因為;since因為,既然;as

由于Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstartthemeeting.既然大家都在這兒,我們開會吧。(續(xù)表)類別連詞(詞組)例句目的狀語從句so

that為了Pleasespeakslowlysothatwecanfollowyou.請講慢點,以便我們能跟上你。結果狀語從句so/such...that...

如此……以至于……Wegotupsolatethatwemissedtheearlybus.我們起得太晚了,以至于錯過了早班車。讓步狀語從句although/though盡管Theairisaroundus,thoughwecan’tseeit.空氣在我們周圍,盡管我們看不到它。類別連詞(詞組)例句比較狀語從句than

比;as...as...和……一樣……;not

so/as...as...

不如……那樣……ItwasmuchbetterthanI’dexpected.它比我期待的要好得多。方式狀語從句as

像Wedidastheteachertoldus.我們按照老師告訴我們的做。地點狀語從句where哪里Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成?？键c4

定語從句定語從句在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞,在句中起定語的作用。被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞功能先行詞例句that,who主語、賓語、表語人Doyouknowthegirlwhooftencomeshere?你認識經(jīng)常來這兒的那個女孩嗎?whom賓語He’s

the

boy

(whom)

I

talked

with

just

now.他就是剛才和我說話的男孩。關系詞功能先行詞例句that,which主語、賓語、表語事、物Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典是一本解釋單詞意思的書。時間I’ll

never

forget

the

days,which

we

spent

together.我將永遠不會忘記我們在一起的日子。that,which主語、賓語、表語地點Theschool(that)wevisitedyesterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.昨天我們參觀的那所學校是上海的一所名校。whose定語人、物What’sthenameoftheboywhosefatherisadoctor?父親是名醫(yī)生的那個男孩叫什么名字?關系詞功能先行詞例句when時間狀語時間Istillrememberthedaywhenwemet.我還記得我們見面的那天。where地點狀語地點ThisistheplacewhereIstudiedlastyear.這是我去年學習的地方。why原因狀語原因Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.請告訴我你遲到的原因。

(1)只用that不用which的情況:①當先行詞是不定代詞(all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything等)或先行詞被不定代詞修飾時。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他做這件事。②當先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時。Hedescribedinhisbookthepeopleandplacesthatinterestedhimmost.他在書中描述了最讓他感興趣的人和地方。③先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時,或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級時。ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.這是我今年讀過的最好的書。④當先行詞被theonly,thevery等修飾時。Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.他是唯一去過那個地方的外國人。⑤主句是who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?正在踢足球的那個男孩是誰?(2)只用which不用that的情況:①先行詞本身是that,those時。What’sthatwhichmadesomuchnoisejustnow?剛才發(fā)出那么大噪聲的是什么?②一個句子中有兩個定語從句時,為避免重復,一個用that,另一個用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.我給你看看那本我從新開放的圖書館借來的小說。(3)用who不用that的情況:先行詞如果是指人的不定代詞(one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等)不宜用that。專項能力檢測單項選擇1.(2022·江蘇宿遷)—Jenny,doyouknow

A

??

—Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceB.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceD.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceA

2.(2022·湖北武漢)—Canyoutellme

D

??

—Togetpracticalskills.A.whatdoyoulearnaboutsafetyB.whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC.howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbiesD.whyyoulearncookingatschool3.(2022·四川樂山改編)—Whatkindofbooksdoyoulikebest?—Ilikebooks

C

?areaboutscienceandtechnology.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseD

C

4.(2022·湖南岳陽改編)Theywonder

A

?.

A.ifrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsB.ifwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsC.whenrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsD.whenwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50years5.(2022·湖南邵陽改編)—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Linda?—Ilikemusic

B

?Icandanceto.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD.whereA

B

6.(2022·甘肅武威)Iwonder

C

?.

A.thatAprilisthehottestmonthinThailandB.doyouknowwhereIcanbuysomemedicineC.whetherJuneisagoodtimetovisitGansuD.howcanIimprovemypronunciation7.(2022·云南)—Yourstampsaresofantastic.Couldyoupleasetellme

D

??

—Oh,Iboughttheminthepostofficenexttothebank.A.whydidyoubuythemB.wheredidyoubuythemC.whyyouboughtthemD.whereyouboughtthemC

D

8.(2022·黑龍江綏化改編)Ican’tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity

A

?Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemories.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who9.(2022·江蘇揚州)—Excuseme,couldyoutellme

D

??

—YoucantakebusNo.6there.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLakeB.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLakeD.howIcangettotheSlenderWestLakeA

D

10.(2022·四川成都改編)Romeisanancientcity

B

?isfullofplacesofinterest.

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.where11.(2022·四川成都改編)—Iwonder

B

?lifewillbedifferentinthefuture.

—Maybewewillbeabletoliveonanotherplanetwiththedevelopmentofspacetechnology.A.whenB.howC.whatD.whoseB

B

12.(2022·重慶)—Excuseme,doyouknow

B

??

—Yes.NextFriday.A.whenwillthevolunteerscomebackB.whenthevolunteerswillcomebackC.howwillthevolunteerscomebackD.howthevolunteerswillcomebackB

13.(2022·重慶)—Canyoutellme

B

??

—Yes.Inthelanguagecenter.A.wherewillthespeechcompetitionbeheldB.wherethespeechcompetitionwillbeheldC.whenwillthespeechcompetitionbeheldD.whenthespeechcompetitionwillbeheldB

14.(2022·四川瀘州)—Couldyoutellme

D

?forthefruit?

—Youcanjustpayonthephone.A.howmuchwillIpayB.howwillIpayC.howmuchIwillpayD.howIwillpayD

15.(2022·四川達州)—Doyoulikethemovie

A

?iscalledThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin?

—Sure.Ithinknomovieis

A

?thanit.

A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouchedA

A

16.(2022·四川達州)—Iwonder

D

?lateforschoolyesterday.

—Badluck!Igotuplateandmissedthebus.A.howyouwereB.whywereyouC.howwereyouD.whyyouwere17.(2022·四川自貢改編)—WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero

A

?keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.

A.whoB.whereC.whoseD.whenD

A

18.(2022·四川自貢改編)—Thismathexerciseis

C

?difficult

C

?Ican’tworkitout.

—Comeon!Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.A.such;thatB.so;whichC.so;thatD.such;whichC

C

19.(2022·江蘇連云港)—Couldyoupleasetellme

D

??

—YoucantakebusNo.2.A.whenwasthenearesthospitalbuiltB.howcanIgettothenearesthospitalC.whenthenearesthospitalwasbuiltD.howIcangettothenearesthospitalD

20.(2022·湖南懷化改編)—Doyouknow

B

??

—Sheisateacher.A.whatisLinda’sjobB.whatLinda’sjobisC.whatwasLinda’sjobD.howwasLinda’sjobB

21.(2022·云南昆明)—Couldyoupleasetellme

B

?whentheymeetforthefirsttimeinChina?

—Theyusuallyshakehands.A.whatdopeopleusuallydoB.whatpeopleusuallydoC.wheredopeopleusuallygoD.wherepeopleusuallygoB

22.(2021·四川瀘州)—Canyoutellme

A

?forthesummervacation?—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddoB.whatshouldIdoC.whenIshoulddoD.whenshouldIdo23.(2021·貴州銅仁)—Doyouknowtheboy

B

?handwritingwonthefirstinthecompetition?

—Oh,heisWangWei,ourmonitor.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichA

B

24.(2021·安徽)—I’mnotsure

C

?mysuggestionishelpfultoyou.

—Itcertainlyis.Everylittlebithelps.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.where25.(2021·天津)Mycousinbecameacountrydoctor

A

?hefinishedmedicalschool.

A.afterB.sothatC.butD.soC