葡萄膜病英文

演講人：日期：葡萄膜病英文目錄OverviewofUvealDiseaseUvetisUvealtutorCongenitalabnormalitiesoftheuveaUvealVascularDiseaseTherelationshipbetweenuveaandsystemicdiseases01OverviewofUvealDiseaseDefinitionPhimosisreferstoaconditionwheretheopeningoftheforeskinistootighttobepulledbackovertheglanspenisClassificationPhimosiscanbeclassifiedintocongenitalphimosisandacquiredphimosisCongenitalphimosisiscausedbythefailureofabsorptionofmilkassociatedadhesionsbetweentheinnerforeskinandtheglanspenis,resultingintheforeskinnotretreatingandtheglanspenisnotbeingexposedAcquiredthesisismostlysecondarytobalanitis,whichcausesscarcontractsofthepreliminarypriorityDefinitionandclassificationCausesThemaincauseofphimosisisthereasoningofthepreliminaryorderduetovariousreasonssuchasgeneticfactorsorinflationRiskfactorsRiskfactorsfortheonsetofphimosisincludingpoorgenetichygiene,frequentgeneticinfections,andrightfittingunderwearthatcaninitiatethegeneticareaCausesandriskfactorsofonsetClinicalpresentationsThemainsymptomofphimosisisdiffuselyretractingtheforeskinovertheglanspenisInmultiplecases,itmaybeduetourinationdifferencesorevenurinaryretentionAccumulationofsmegmacancauseittingandirritationoftheglanspenisLongtermchronicinfectioncanleadtoinfections,cancer,leptoplakia,andstonesDiagnosticmethodsThediagnosisofphimosisismainlybasedonphysicalexaminationandmedicalhistoryThedoctorwillobservetheappearanceofthepatient'scapitalandinquireaboutanyrelatedsymptomsormedicalhistorytomakeapreliminarydiagnosisClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosticmethodsThetreatmentofphimosisdependsontheseverityoftheconditionandthepatient'sageMidcasesmaybetreatedwithtopicalmedicationsormanualdifferentiationofthepreliminarypriorityMultiplecasesmayrequiresurgicalinterventionsuchascirculationorprecisionTreatmentprinciplesThediagnosisofphimosisisgenerallygoodwithappropriatetreatmentHowever,ifleftunrealizedorimproperlytreated,itmayleadtocomplicationssuchasbalanitisorurinarytractinfectionsTherefore,earlydiagnosisandtreatmentarecriticalforafalliblediagnosisPrognosticevaluationTreatmentprinciplesanddiagnosticevaluation02UvetisDefinitionSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentAnterioruveitisCommonsymptomsincluderedness,eyepain,sensitivitytolight,andblurredvision.Throughslitlampexamination,anteriorchamberflickerandcornealposteriordepositioncanbeseen.Treatmentusuallyincludeslocalorsystemicuseofglucocorticoids,mydriaticdrugs,etc.Anterioruveitisreferstoeyediseasesinwhichinflammationmainlyaffectstheirisandanteriorciliarybody.DefinitionIntermediateuveitisreferstoeyediseasesinwhichinflammationmainlyaffectstheplanaoftheciliarybodyandthesurroundingretina.Symptomsmayincludedecreasedvision,mosquitoinfestation,andvisualfieldloss.Assistedbyfundusexamination,fluoresceinfundusangiography,andotherdiagnosticmethods.Treatmentmayincludemedicationsuchasglucocorticoidsandimmunosuppressants,andsurgicaltreatmentmaybenecessary.SymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentIntermediateuveitisTreatmentTreatmentusuallyincludesmedicationsuchasglucocorticoidsandimmunosuppressants,andsometimesrequirescombinedsurgicaltreatment.DefinitionPosterioruveitisreferstoeyediseasesinwhichinflammationmainlyaffectstheretinaandchoroid.SymptomsSymptomsmayincludeseverevisualimpairment,visualfieldloss,andnightblindness.DiagnosisAssistedbyfundusexamination,indocyaninegreenangiography,andotherdiagnosticmethods.PosterioruveitisDefinitionPanuveitisreferstoeyediseasesinwhichinflammationsimultaneouslyaffectstheiris,ciliarybody,andchoroid.SymptomsSymptomsmayincludealltypesofsymptomsmentionedaboveandareusuallymoresevere.DiagnosisDiagnosisismadethroughcomprehensiveophthalmicexamination,combinedwithmedicalhistoryandclinicalmanifestations.TreatmentTreatmentrequirescomprehensiveconsideration,whichmayincludemedicationsuchasglucocorticoids,immunosuppressants,biologics,aswellasnecessarysurgicaltreatment.Panuveitis03UvealtutorChoroidalneviBenignsegmentedlessofthechordthatistypicallyflatorslightlyelevatedTheymaybeabletoreducemalignanttumorsbutgrowslowlyandrandomlymetastasizeCystsFluidfilledsacsthatcandevelopintheuvea,oftenwithoutcausingsymptomsTheymaybeobservedorsignificantlyremoveddependingontheirsizeandlocationBenigntutorThemostcommonprimaryintraocularmaliceinadults,arisingfrommelanocytesintheuveaIttypicallypresentsasasegmentedmassandrequiresprompttreatmenttopreventmetastasisUvealmelanomaAraymalignanttutorthatdevelopsintheretina,commonlyaffectingyoungchildrenItcanbehereditaryorsporadicandrequiresaggressivetreatmenttosavetheeyeandpreventmetastasisRetinoblatomaMalignanttutorsMetastaticuvealtubersTumorsthatoriginatedelsewhereinthebodyandspreadtotheuveaThemostcommonprimarysitesarethebread,lung,andgastrointestinaltractTreatmenttypologicallyfocusesoncontrollingthediseaseandpreservingvisionMetastatictutorDistinguishingbetweeninterestsandmalicioustutorsiscriticalfordeterminingtheappropriatetreatmentplanImagingstudies,suchasultrasoundandfluoresceinangiography,canhelpinthediagnosisDifferentialdiagnosisTreatmentvariablesdependingonthetypeandstageofthetutorBenigntutorsmaybeobservedorsignificantlyremoved,whilemaligntutorstypicallyrequireacombinationofsurgery,radiationtherapy,andchemotherapyMetastatictutorsmayrequiresystematictreatmentinadditiontolocaltherapiesTreatmentoptionsDifferentialdiagnosisandtreatmentoftutors04CongenitalabnormalitiesoftheuveaCompleteabsenceoftheirisThisisarareconditionwheretheentireirisismissing,resultinginavisiblepupilwithoutanysurroundingcolorPartialabsenceoftheirisInsomecases,onlyaportoftheirismaybemissing,leadingtoanirregularlyshapedpupilAssociatedorganicdefectsCongenitalaniridiamaybeassociatedwithotherorganicdefectssuchascatalysts,glaucoma,andretinaldetachmentCongenitalaniridia03IristropismDegenerationorwastingawayoftheirisissue,oftenleadingtolightsensitivityandvisualimplementation01IrisColombaThisisacongenitaldefectoftheirischaracterizedbyanotchorclearintheirisissue02IrishydroplasiaAconditionwheretheirisisunderdevelopmentorincompletelyformedCongenitalirisdefectCongenitalresidualpulmonarymemoryDependenceonthelocationandextentofthemembrane,itmaypartiallyorcompletelyconstructthepupil,leadingtovisualimplementationPotentialvisualimplementationAthin,fibrousmembershipthatremainsattachedtotheirisandpopulationafterbirthPersistentpopulationmembershipThemembershipmaybetransparent,transparent,oropaque,dependingonitsthicknessandcompositionVaryingdegreesofopportunityOthercongenitalabnormalitiesCongenitalcatalystsCloudingofthelensoftheeyethatispresentatbirthGlaucomaAgroupofeyeconditionsthatdamagetheopticalnerve,oftenassociatedwithincreasedintraocularpressureFinaldetachmentSeparationoftheretinafromtheunderlyinglayerofbloodvesselsthatprovidesitwithoxygenandnutrientsMicrothalmiaAbnormalsmallnessofoneorbotheyes,oftenassociatedwithotherlocaldefectsandvisualimplementation05UvealVascularDiseaseTypesRetinalvasculitiscanbeclassifiedintoseveraltypesbasedontheunderlyingcause,includingaffecting,immediatemediated,andidiopathSymptomsCommonsymbolsincludeblurredvision,floaters,andhiddenvisionlossDiagnosisDiagnosisistypicallymadethroughacomprehensiveeyeexamination,includingrelatedfundexaminationandfluoresceinangiographyTreatmentTreatmentoptionsvarydependingontheunderlyingcauseandseverityoftheconditionandmayincludecorticosteroids,immunosuppressivetherapy,andlaserphotocouplingRetinalvasculitisPersistentretentionisaninflationoftheretentionthatoccursprimarilyaroundtheveinsDefinitionItisoftenassociatedwithsystemicdiseasessuchaslupuserythematosus,sarcosis,andtuberculosisCausesSymptomsmayincludeblurredvision,visualdestruction,andcentralsymptomsSymptomsTreatmenttypicallyinvolvesaddressingtheunderlyingsystemicconditionsandmayalsoincludecorticosteroidsandlastresorttoreduceinflationandimprovevisionTreatmentPersistentretinitisDiabeticretinopathyDiabeticretinopathyisacommoncomplicationofdiamondsthataffectsthebloodvesselsintheretina,leadingtovisionlossHypertensiveretinopathyHypertensiveretinopathyoccurswhenhighbloodpressuredamagesthebloodvesselsintheretinaRadiationretinopathyRadiationretinopathyisarareconditionthatcanoccurafterradiationtherapyforcancerinvadingtheeyeornearbystructuresOcularischemicsyndromeOcularischemicsyndromeisaconditionthatoccurswhenthereisinsufficientbloodflowtotheeye,leadingtovisionlossandotherlocalindicationsOthervolatilediseases06TherelationshipbetweenuveaandsystemicdiseasesRheumatoidarthritis(RA)isanautoimmunediseasethatcanaffectmultiplesystemsinthebody,includingtheeyesUvetis,orinflationoftheuvea,isacommonorganicmanifestofRAandcanleadtovisionlossifnotproperlytreatedThetreatmentofuveitisassociatedwithRAtypicallyinvolvingcontrollingtheunderlyingsystemicinflammationwithimmunosuppressivemediaPhimosisandRheumatoidDiseasesInfectiousdiseasessuchashyphilis,tuberculosis,andgrapescancauseuveitisbydirectlyaffectingtheuveaortriggeringanimmuneresponsethatleadstoinflammationThediagnosisandtreatmentofinfectiousdiseasesoftenrequireamultidisciplinaryapproachinvolvingophthalmology,infectiousdiseasespecialties,andsomesurgeonsPromptdiagnos