語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)講義數(shù)詞（教師版）

知識(shí)梳理專題四數(shù)詞知識(shí)梳理專題四數(shù)詞★★★考點(diǎn)一：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：表示數(shù)目多少的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。數(shù)字基數(shù)詞形式舉例1~12獨(dú)立詞one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13~19個(gè)位數(shù)+teen(13,15,18稍有變化)three—thirteen,four—fourteen,five—fifteen整十?dāng)?shù)個(gè)位數(shù)+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有變化)two—twenty,three—thirty,four—forty,six—sixty幾十幾整十?dāng)?shù)加“”再加個(gè)位數(shù)21:twentyone,55:fiftyfive幾百幾...hundred+and+...288:twohundredandeightyeight二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)則：（1）1~3的序數(shù)詞為不規(guī)則變化one—firsttwo—secondthree—third（2）4~19的序數(shù)詞由“基數(shù)詞+th”構(gòu)成four—fourthseven—seventhsixteen—sixteenth?其中第五、第八、第九、第十二為特殊形式five—fiftheight—eighthnine—ninthtwelve—twelfth（3）整數(shù)第幾十的序數(shù)詞形式為把y變成ie，再加thtwenty—twentieththirty—thirtieth（4）從“二十一”以后的基數(shù)詞在變序數(shù)詞時(shí)，只需將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞twenty—one→twentyfirst基變序，有規(guī)律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊記，8加h，9去e；基變序，有規(guī)律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊記，8加h，9去e；ve要用f替，見(jiàn)y變成i和e；若是遇上幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以！序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：“阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字+序數(shù)詞最后面的兩個(gè)字母”。例如:first→1st;seventeenth→17th;twentysecond→22nd;thirtythird→33rd。三、基數(shù)詞的用法用途舉例表示數(shù)量twelvefloors十二層樓1,250students1250個(gè)學(xué)生表示年齡sixteenyearsold十六歲表示編號(hào)（名詞+數(shù)字）LessonOne第一課Room802802號(hào)房間表示年份、年代innineteenninetyeight在1998年表示時(shí)間Junethefirst(6月1日),atsixo’clock(在6點(diǎn)鐘)【知識(shí)拓展】1.inone’s+整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“在某人多少歲時(shí)”，如：inmytwenties在我二十多歲時(shí)2.復(fù)合形容詞：（1）基數(shù)詞+名詞（單數(shù)）如：atwomonthholiday兩個(gè)月的假期（2）基數(shù)詞+名詞（單數(shù)）+形容詞如：a100metrelongbridge一座100米長(zhǎng)的大橋3.時(shí)間表達(dá)法：時(shí)間類型表示法例讀法整點(diǎn)基數(shù)詞+o’clock1:00oneo’clock>30分鐘分鐘+past+小時(shí)2:10tenpasttwo=30分鐘half+past+小時(shí)3:30halfpastthree<30分鐘（60分鐘）+to+（小時(shí)+1）4:40twentytofive分鐘逢15（即一刻鐘）aquarter5:156:45aquarterpastfiveaquartertoseven順讀法小時(shí)+分鐘7:50sevenfifty序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞“the”，序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞“the”，但有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)不加“the”用途舉例表示順序thetwentyfirstcentury第21世紀(jì)mysecondcar我的第二輛車表示日期onOct.1st,2008在2008年10月1日表示數(shù)量（a/an+序數(shù)詞+名詞）“又一；再一”Pleasegivemeasecondchance.請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我一次機(jī)會(huì)?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Jimwonthe___first_____(one)prizeinthewritingpetition.2.Thisismy___third_____(three)visittoBeijing.3.Wewillhavethe___eighth____(eight)lessonintenminutes.4.January21isthe_twentyfirst__(twentyone)dayofJanuary.5.NextFridayismygrandfather’s__seventieth__(seventy)birthday.6.Mygrandfatherlikestakingexercise.Hestillkeepsrunninginhis___sixties___(sixty).7..,ThanksgivingDayfallsonthe___fourth____(four)ThursdayinNovember.8.Tomorrowwillbemysister’s___twelfth____(twelve)birthdayandwe’llhaveapartytocelebrateit.9.Billyisfourteenyearsoldandinthe____ninth____(nine)gradeinajuniorhighschool.10.AlthoughZhangGuimeiisalreadyinher____sixties___(sixty),shestillhelpsgirlsgotocollege.真題演練真題演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2023·眉山中考改編)—Tim,howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—___Once____(one)aweek.Ireallyenjoystayingwiththem.2.(2023·白銀、臨夏州中考)Ourhomeisthe___third_____(three)fromtheendontheleft.3.(2023·龍東中考)Harbinisabeautifulcity.So__millions___(million)ofpeopleeheretoenjoysnoweverywinter.4.(2022·泰安中考改編)Thereare5peoplewaitingforthebusinfrontofme.Iamthe___sixth_____(six)one.5.(2022·盤錦中考)Lookatthephoto!The___ninth_____(nine)boyfromtherightismybestfriend.6.（2023·甘肅定西三模）It’swonderfultoliveonthe___twelfth____(twelve)floor.Youcanseethewholetown.7.（2023·上海楊浦三模）The___eighth____（eight）personfromtherightinthephotoismycousin,Linda.8.（2023·云南昆明二模）Chinacelebratedthe___thirteenth___(thirteen)ChinaTourismDayonMay19thinTengchong,YunnanProvince.9.（2023·上海浦東新二模）DoctorWangkeepsrunningmarathonseventhoughhe’sinhis____sixties_____(sixty).10.（2023·上海虹口二模）Itisthe___second____(two)timethatmycousinandIhavebeentoBeijing.考點(diǎn)二：分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法基數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：基數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：分子分母（）詞（）詞分子大于1，分母用復(fù)數(shù)（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）序數(shù)序數(shù)如：五分之一onefifth三分之二twothirds四分之三threefourths/threequarters六分之一onesixth【注意】一些特殊的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourths四分之三【知識(shí)拓展】百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：“基數(shù)詞+percent”（percent無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式）如：fivepercent5%twentypercent20%★★考點(diǎn)三：概數(shù)詞hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百萬(wàn)）、billion（億）表示具體數(shù)量：表示具體數(shù)量：基數(shù)詞＋hundredthousandmillionbillion不加s和of表示不確切數(shù)量：表示不確切數(shù)量：hundredsthousandsmillionsbillions＋of要加s和of如：六百本書sixhundredbooks數(shù)千人thousandsofpeople兩百萬(wàn)美元twomilliondollars數(shù)百棵樹hundredsoftrees基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.—Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetrees?—Icansee___A____birdsinthem.A.hundredsof B.fivehundreds C.hundredof D.fivehundredsof2.___B___black—headedgulls(紅嘴鷗)etoKunmingtospendtheirwintereveryyear.A.Thousands B.ThousandsofC.Thousandof D.Thousand3.___C___ofthestudentsintheclassroomaregirls.A.ThreefourB.ThreefourthC.ThreefourthsD.Thirdfour4.—___C____volunteerstookpartintheWinterOlympicGames.—Theyareverygreat.Weareproudofthem.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.ThousandsofD.Twothousandsof真題演練真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2022·遼寧鞍山）—Didyouwatchthesecond“Tiangonglecture”(天宮課堂)onMarch23,2022?—Yes,abouttwo___A____studentsinourschoolwatchedit.A．thousand B．thousandsof C．million D．millionsof2.（2022·廣西河池）Nowadays,___D____birdsflytothewarmsouthinwinter.A．million B．millions C．twomillions D．millionsof3.（2022·貴州黔東南）—___C____isthepopulationofGuizhou?—Ithasmorethan________people.A．Howmuch;thirtyeightmillionsof B．Howmany;thirtyeightmill