2024年人教版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題四時態(tài)（二）兩種完成時態(tài)

語法專題5現(xiàn)在完成時一．概念（1）動作發(fā)生在過去，且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響；（2）動作發(fā)生在過去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（很有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去）。二．基本結(jié)構(gòu)（have/has+過去分詞）(1)肯定式：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.eg.There’sanaccident.Ihavejustcalledthe120.(2)否定式：主語+have/has+not（haven’t/hasn’t）+過去分詞+其他.eg.Ihavenotcalledthe120.(3)一般疑問式：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.eg.Haveyoucalledthe120?Yes,Ihave.或No,Ihaven’t.特殊疑問式：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他？三．用法1.表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。這一用法的特點是動作不延續(xù)，并常與以下標(biāo)志詞連用：①already,just或yet；②never或ever；③動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)，如twice,fourtimes等；④sofar；⑤recently,uptonow,over/inthelast/past+一段時間等；注意：(1)already用于肯定句，置于句中或句末；yet用于否定句和疑問句，置于句末；(2)ever用于疑問句或肯定句，置于句中；never用于否定句，置于句中；2.表示過去某一時刻開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這一用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，可以和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用，常用以下兩大標(biāo)志：①since+(過去的)時間點；eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.②for+時間段；eg.Ihavebeenherefortwoyears.拓展：since+段時間+agoeg.Hehasbeendeadsince4yearsago.since+一般過去時的句eg.Ithasbeen4yearssinceIcametoShenzhen.四．?？?、易考點havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin區(qū)別havebeento去過某地（已經(jīng)回來了）havegoneto去了某地（有可能在去的路上，有可能到達了目的地）havebeenin在某地呆了多長時間2.延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換動詞→動詞buy→have,borrow→keep動詞→be+adj/advbegin→beon,leave→beaway(from),return→beback,arrive→bethere,die→bedead,marry→bemarried，open→beopen,close→beclosed動詞→be+介詞短語e/go→bein/at,puton→wear/be+injoin→bein+組織機構(gòu)/beamemberofeg.Hisfatherhasdiedforfiveyears.（誤）Hisfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.（對）注意：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用現(xiàn)在完成時。eg.Wehaven’tmeteachotherforaboutthreeyears.3．一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：1）一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday;lastweek;twoyearsago;justnow;in2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時常與since,for,yet,already等連用。2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去，而一般過去時則單純地表示過去某段時間內(nèi)的經(jīng)歷。eg.Ithasrainedforfivehours.雨已經(jīng)下了5個小時了。Itrainedforfivehoursyesterday.昨天下了5個小時的雨。一般過去時強調(diào)的是過去的動作或狀態(tài)；而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。4.補充①howlong引導(dǎo)的問句用于完成時中，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的動詞?；卮饡r用“for+時間段”或“since+時間點”②句型：Ithasbeen/Itis+時間段+since從句（動詞用過去時）附：過去分詞的變化規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。(1)一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited(2)以“e”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“d”livelivedlived(3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，將"y"變?yōu)?i"，再加“ed”studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2.不規(guī)則變化：見八下課本不規(guī)則動詞表過去完成時一、過去完成時的構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞（done）+其他成分否定句：主語+助動詞had+not+動詞的過去分詞（done）+其他成分一般疑問句：助動詞had+主語++動詞的過去分詞（done）+其他成分特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+had+主語+動詞的過去分詞（done）+其他成分或特殊疑問詞+had+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分二、過去完成時的用法：1、表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時間是過去的過去。常與“by/before+過去時間”構(gòu)成的短語連用。例如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.在我到達之前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。2、表示在過去某一時間點之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for/since引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間壯語連用。例如：IhadlivedinAmericafortwoyearsbeforeIcamehere.3、在狀語從句中，在過去不同的時間發(fā)生的兩個動作，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時，發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.三、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果。過去完成時則強調(diào)完成的動作對過去的影響，或體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩個動作的先后有別試比較：HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.Beforethat,hehadlivedthereforfiveyears.HehasgonetoShanghairecently.課堂練習(xí)一.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey___________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen____________

(arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)

aphonecall.7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman______________(finish)speaking,he_____________(leave)thehall.10.TheReads____________

(have)lunchwhenI________________(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI______________(arrive)atthestation,he________________(leave).12.We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe___________already__________(do)15.She____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(go)therebefore.16.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October(for/since).二.單項選擇。（）1.Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehadIgone（）2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,do

B.has,

done

Cdid,did.

D.had,

done（）3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned

B.waslearning

C.hadlearned

D.learnt（）4.________youhavesomemorefood?Thankyou.I_______enough.

A.Will,havehave

B.Could,havehad

C.Do,havehave

D.Do,havehad（）5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.A.hadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked（）6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen（）7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with（）8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

haspleteduniversity

B.haspletedtheuniversityB.

hadpletedanuniversity

D.hadpleteduniversity（）9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.for

B.in

C.by

D.at（）10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.A.hadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.（）11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,do

B.did,did

C.has,done

D.haddone（）12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworked

B.works

C.hadworked

D.willwork（）13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.haspleted

B.pleted

C.willplete

D.hadpleted（）14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,

buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…the

B.the…the

C./…the

D.the…/（）15.Bythetimehewas4,

he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned

B.haslearned

C.learned

D.learns（）16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleft

B.hadleft

C.hasleft

D.left（）17.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.lived

B.hadlived

C.havelived

D.wereliving（）18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrived

B.wasarriving

C.arrived

D.hadarrived（）19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleaned

B.hadcleaned

C.wascleaned

D.havebeencleaned（）20.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinished

B.willfinish

C.finishes

D.hasfinished（）21.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.puton

B.hadputon

C.willputon

D.wasputtingon（）22Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworked

B.hasworked

C.worked

D.works（）23.Dad________whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watch

B.wasfallingasleep…watched

C.fellasleep……waswatching

D.hadfallenasleep…watched（）24.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen（）25.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen（）26.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow（）27.Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still（）28.HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago（）29.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten（）30.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better（）31.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying（）32.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew（）33.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see（）34.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone（）35.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish課后練習(xí)（）36.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin（）37.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebeeD.havemade（）38.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.eD.arrived（）39.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began（）40.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was（）41.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen（）42.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen（）43.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey（）44.______hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe______toChina?A.Howsoon,esB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived（）45.Hisuncle______formorethan9years.A.hasehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity（）46.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway（）47.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeeninD.joinedin（）48.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened（）49.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebee（）50.Youmustn't_____untilheesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleftD.leaved（）51.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverD.end（）52.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hasetoC.hastaughtD.cameto（）53.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeC.wasD.became（）54.I