定語從句講解牛津譯林版九年級英語上冊

定語從句定語從句的定義及其結(jié)構(gòu)1.定義:在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。例如：ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.2.先行詞:被定語從句所修飾的詞。3.類系詞:引導定語從句的詞。關系詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。應該注意的是:a.定語從句一般位于先行詞之后，由關系代詞或關系副詞來引導。b.關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任某一成分。關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在定語從句中做主語，例如That'stheteacherwhoteachesusChinese.2.whom指人，在從句中做賓語，口語中who可以代替whom，在限制性定語從句中也可以被省去，但作介詞賓語時只能用whom，例如:Doyouknowtheworker(whom)wemetattheschoolgate?3.whose指人，也可以指物，在從中做定語，例如:TheprofessorwhosewifeteachesyouEnglishhasbeentoChina.Thehousewhosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.4.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，which充當賓語時，在限制性定語從句中可以被省去，例如:Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.Thebookwhichisonthedeskisadictionary.在作非限制性定語從句中，which的先行詞有時不是一個單詞，而是前面整個主句所表達的概念，例如:TheforeignteacherhelpeduswithspokenEnglish,whichwasverykindofher.5.that多指物，也可指人，在從句中做主語或賓語。指物時，其用法和which大致相同。Thisisthepowerstationthat(which)webuiltlastyear.Whoisthepersonthatisplayingthepiano?關系副詞引導的定語從句1.when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，例如:ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.3.why指原因。在定語從句中作原因狀語。例如:Allofusarequitecuriousaboutthereasonwhyhedidnotturnupatyesterday’sparty.關系代詞前帶介詞的定語從句1.關系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞可放在whom，which之前，也可以放在句中原來的位置上，例如:Ishetheman(whom)youspoketoyesterday?該句的介詞to放在原來的位置上，whom可以省略Ishethemantowhomyouspokeyesterday?該句的介詞to也可以放在whom之前，whom不可以省略。在含有介詞的動詞短語中，動詞和介詞屬于固定搭配，一般不可以分開，例如Thisistheanswerwhichwearelookingfor.注意:關系代詞that不可以放在介詞之后。2.關系副詞whenwhere和關系代詞whose有時可以用“介+which”來代替，例如We’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Thebookwhosecoverhaseoffismine.=Thebook,thecoverofwhichhaseoff,ismine.由關系代as引的定語從句as可作為關系代詞來引導定語從句，例如:HeisfromBeijing,asyouknow.在這里，as引導的非限制性定語從句，相當于which引導的非限制性定語從句HeisfromBeijing,whichyouknow.as引導非限制性定語從句,說明整個主句,從句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，(which引導的非限制性定語從句不放主句前)，用逗號與主句隔開，意為正如......Asyouknow,heisfromBeijing.as引導限制性定語從句常用于一些固定句型，如such/so...as..thesame...as...as...as...。例如:Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.Ihavethesamebookasyoubought.關系代詞that與which用法的區(qū)別1.which可以引導一個非限制性定語隊句，that則不能。例如：HehadfailedintheEnglishexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry2.which之前可以有介詞，that之前則不能，例如ThisisthehouseinwhichTomusedtolive.3.只能用that，而不能用which的情況，=1\*GB3①當先行詞是all,everything,nothing,something,anything.much,little,few,none等不定代詞時，例如:ThatisallthatIwanttosay.=2\*GB3②當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時，例如:ThefirstplacethatIvisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.=3\*GB3③當先行詞被thevery,theonly,thejust等詞修飾時，例如:Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows=4\*GB3④當兩個先行詞一個指人,一個指物時，例如:Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.=5\*GB3⑤當主句己有疑問詞who或which時，例如Whothatyouhaveeverseencandobetter?=6\*GB3⑥如果有兩個定語從句，其中一句的關系代詞是which，另一句則用that避免重復LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.限制性定語從與非限制定語從的區(qū)別定語從句分限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句兩種，限制性定語從句為先行詞不可總少的定語從句，如果將這種定語從句省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。這種定語從句和主句的關系十分密切，不用逗號分開，例如:Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果將這種定語從句省去，也不至于影響主句的意思，它和主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如:Theletterisfrommybrother,whoisworkinginthefactory.請比較以下限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別:Allthebooksthere,whichhavepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.這兒所有的書都是他寫的，書里面都有插圖。（該句含有一個非限制性定語從句，“書里面都有插圖”只是對先行詞的附加說明）Allthebookstherewhichhavepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.這兒所有里面有插圖的書都是他寫的。（該句為限制性定語從句，意即書里面沒有插圖的書不是他寫的）定語從句過關練習Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that2.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.that/which3.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouseroofisunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose4.Thisisthehouseweboughtlastmonth.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.bothAandC5.Thisisthehousemyparentsmetforthefirsttime.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.bothAandC6.Doyourememberthedayyoujoinedourclub?A.inwhichB.onwhichC./D.which7.LiLing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwholwentD.wentwithhim8.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he9.I'mtoflytoKunming.itiswarmnow.A.whichB.asCwhereD.when10.isknowntoall,waterisveryimportanttomankind.A.AsB.WhichC.WhoD.When11.Themanyouaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather'sneighbor.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.Which12.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking13.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowed