高中英語高考沖刺語法專題8非謂語動詞綜合（學(xué)生版）

高中英語高考沖刺語法專題8：非謂語動詞綜合【問題查找】單句語法填空。Theparkwasfullofpeople,____________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.TsinghuaUniversity,____________(find)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething____________(eat)!Istoppedthecar________(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.Relaxyourselfeveryday,oryou'llbetootired________(get)goodgrades.WordcamethatChinesesportsdelegationhaswon9medalsinthe2014WinterOlympicsinSochi,Russia,________(rank)the12thofthemedallist.___________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,_____________(measure)overtwometerslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.Withsomanylife'schallenges________(overe),theinjuredsoldierwasluckytohaveatraineddogaroundtoprovidesupport.________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorderfromChinese.【要點精講】非謂語綜合非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義不定式一般式不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作____________或在其后發(fā)生進行式不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作____________完成式不定式的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞的動作____________現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞一般式其表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作____________，或幾乎同時發(fā)生完成式其表示的動作____________句中謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生過去分詞與句中主語為邏輯上的__________關(guān)系，表__________例如：①Ihavealotofreading____________beforetheendofthisterm.本學(xué)期結(jié)束前，我有大量的閱讀任務(wù)要完成。②CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______________________thefirstputer.人們一致認(rèn)為查爾斯·巴貝奇發(fā)明了第一臺計算機。③Noharmseems________________________.似乎并沒有造成傷害。④Doyoumind________________whilestudying?你介意學(xué)習(xí)時被打擾嗎？⑤__________________foralongtime,theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.因長時間被忽視，這個男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。⑥________________enoughtime,wearesuretodoitwell.如果給予我們足夠的時間，我們一定能做好?？键c一辨析謂語動詞與非謂語動詞觀察下列句子，說出劃線部分對應(yīng)所作成分。1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞。2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空完成句子，并歸納。1.Ihope__________(hear)fromyousoon.2.Shesatatthewindow,_________(read)amagazine.簡單句：簡單句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了________________，填入________________。3.I_______(do)allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.并列句：有并列連詞but連接兩個簡單句，填入________________。4.Thisisthegirlwho__________(live)nextdoor.5.Mydecisionisthatallofus_____________(start)at6o’clocktomorrow.復(fù)合句：從句中缺________________，填入________________。【總結(jié)】非謂語動詞使用條件：一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非謂語動詞的特點：1.不能單獨作謂語；2.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。3.還可以有自己的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成非謂語短語在句中一起做成分。【例題分析】請用下劃線畫出句中的謂語，并用括號標(biāo)出非謂語。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.考點二非謂語動詞的定義與作用教師提問：非謂語動詞在句中分別可以做什么成分？名稱語法功能主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語狀語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√一、非謂語動詞作狀語1、不定式作狀語不定式作狀語例句(1)原因狀語多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后。I’mverygladtobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.(2)目的狀語可與soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Tocatchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.(3)結(jié)果狀語常表示意想不到的結(jié)果，常用onlytodo。Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.熟記固定結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)only/justto…;too…to…；so/suchasto…；…enough(forsb.)to…(2)be＋adj.＋todosth.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thebookisveryhardtolearn.就我個人而言，這本書很難理解。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空氣呼吸起來很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。2、分詞作狀語形式意義v.ing(doing)與句中主語為邏輯上的________________，與句中謂語動詞動作________________，或基本上同時發(fā)生having+v.ed(having

done)與句中主語為邏輯上的________________，________________謂語動詞動作發(fā)生v.ed(done)與句中主語為邏輯上的________________being+v.ed(being

done)與句中主語為邏輯上的________________，且與謂語動詞動作________________，一般作原因狀語置于句首having

been+v.ed(having

been

done)與句中主語為邏輯上的________________，且_____________謂語動詞動作發(fā)生Havingworkedfortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Havingbeenlaughedatforhismistakes,theboywasashamedandembarrassed.Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobeefamous.Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.【注意】源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過去分詞作狀語，表示句子主語所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動關(guān)系，其前不用being，常見的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、devoted(專注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等。Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。即分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主動或被動關(guān)系，否則一般不能使用分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可與連詞while或when連用。分詞與不定式作狀語的區(qū)別(1)把握分詞與句子邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系；區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞表示____________________，過去分詞表示________________。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone表示分詞的動作和句子主語之間是______________，同時分詞動作先于句子謂語動詞發(fā)生。Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.開了一天的車，我們相當(dāng)累。(3)不定式作結(jié)果狀語為主觀上意想不到的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語為客觀上順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。3、有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，構(gòu)成獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般來說；franklyspeaking坦白地說；judgingfrom/by…根據(jù)……來判斷；considering…/taking…intoconsideration考慮到……；totellthetruth說實話；paredto/with與……相比較；tobeginwith首先；seeing…鑒于/由于……；given考慮到，鑒于；supposing假設(shè)，如果；assuming假使；provided(that…)如果；concerning關(guān)于4、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)定義：不定式或分詞短語作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須與句子的主語一致。但有時它也可以有自己的獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點：①獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在；②獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主動或被動關(guān)系；③獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開。(2)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：①名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞；②名詞/代詞+形容詞；③名詞/代詞+副詞；④名詞/代詞+不定式；⑤名詞/代詞+介詞短語。⑥with/without+名詞/代詞+賓語補足語。Thetestfinished(＝Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Withtimepassingby,healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.(time和pass之間為主動關(guān)系)Hesatonthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(hands和tie之間為被動關(guān)系)二、非謂語動詞作定語定語形式功能現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示動作是主動進行的行為或者正在進行當(dāng)中現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone表示動作是被動行為且正在進行當(dāng)中過去分詞done表示動作是被動完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成動詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動作動詞不定式一般式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone表示將要被做的動作非謂語動詞作定語的辨析：(1)準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系；(2)準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間，即是正在進行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。Theproblemdiscussedatthelastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.【注意】①作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞只表示一個動作已完成，不表被動。fallingleaves正在下落的葉子(表正在進行)fallenleaves落葉(表完成)②動名詞作定語常用來說明被修飾詞的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom閱覽室asleepingcar臥鋪車三、非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞中能作賓語的有________________和________________：只能用不定式作賓語的動詞下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英語老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書。只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語下列動詞或動詞短語只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancy想象,設(shè)想avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid,imagine,risk；can’thelp禁不住,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外，下列動詞短語也要用動名詞作賓語：beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(無法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,thank...for,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in),lookforwardto。①Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。②Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽到那好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來。既可以接不定式也可以接動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語下列動詞或動詞短語既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：后接不定式后接動名詞regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過某事remembertodosth.記得要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事can’thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事①Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。②Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯過這輛火車意味著你得再等一小時。四、非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1.“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動詞和短語(see,watch，observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的賓語補足語常見的有三種非謂語動詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動和完成(被動句中to還原)，doing表主動或正在進行，done表被動或完成。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?IwassleepingwhenIheardmynameshouted.2.熱點動詞let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非謂語動詞形式作補足語。①make＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的,主動關(guān)系),done讓……被做(賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的被動關(guān)系)))Theymademerepeatthestory.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.②let最常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為“l(fā)et＋賓語＋do”，表示“讓……做……”。Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencetheconsequencesoftheiractionscandobetter.相反，那些讓孩子體驗自己行為結(jié)果的父母往往會做得更好。eq\a\vs4\al(③have＋賓,語＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.使……做某事,,,,,doingsth.使……持續(xù)做某事))\a\vs4\al((賓語與,賓補為邏,輯上的主,動關(guān)系)),done使……被做(賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的被動關(guān)系)))Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飛機起飛前一個小時，克萊爾把行李進行了安檢。eq\a\vs4\al(④get＋賓,語＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做,doingsth.使……做))\a\vs4\al((賓語與賓補為邏,輯上的主動關(guān)系)),done使……被做(賓語與賓補為邏輯,上的被動關(guān)系)))Hegotmetoposttheletterforhim.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.3.固定短語，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式：witheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing（表主動且進行，或表特征）,sth.done（表被動且完成，或表狀態(tài)）,sth.todo（表將來）))Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.Withalotofworktodo,shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.五、非謂語動詞作主語和表語1.不定式和動名詞作主語和表語[※非謂語動詞只有不定式與動名詞作主語]成分不定式動名詞主語(1)不定式作主語，一般表示具體某一次的動作。常用it作形式主語，而不定式是真正的主語，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。(1)動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語放在句末。常用于固定句型：It’sawasteoftimedoing...；It’snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuseless...doing...；Thereisno...等中。表語(2)不定式作表語常用來表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動作，也可用來表示未來的可能性和假設(shè)；但當(dāng)不定式所作的表語僅用來說明主語的內(nèi)容時，這時的不定式只作單純的表語，而不具有未來的含義。(2)動名詞作表語多指抽象的、概念性的動作，句子主語常是表示無生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。例句：①Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.②Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.①Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.②Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.①Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Itisnouseplainingwithouttakingaction.③Thereisnojokingaboutsuchseriousmatters.①Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.②Whatshelikemostislyingonthegrasslandandbathinginthesunshine.分詞做表語(1)非謂語動詞中能作表語的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語意為“________________”，而過去分詞作表語意為“________________”。Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.這則消息令人激動，我們激動了整整一晚上。(2)get,bee,look,seem,appear等系動詞后可跟過去分詞作表語，表示__________或主語的__________。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們，失敗后我們絕不能氣餒。考點三、非謂語動詞在考題中的考查高考對非謂語動詞作狀語的主要考查點有：現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式①表示主動和進行；②表示自然而然的結(jié)果；表示被動和完成表目的【注意】動詞不定式作狀語，還有onlytodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，以及“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞(表情感)＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式的用法也常在高考中出現(xiàn)。命題法1考查不定式作狀語典例(單句語法填空)Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.【解題法】(1)對不定式作狀語的考查主要在目的狀語、原因狀語和結(jié)果狀語上。熟知一些常用不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，觀察語境找出答案。(2)在語法填空中，常給出動詞形式，考生需要考慮不定式作狀語與分詞作狀語的區(qū)別，熟悉各自的意義及功能。命題法2考查分詞作狀語典例3(單句語法填空)Asforthegame,itwillberescheduledfortomorroweveningatthesametime,_________(depend)ontheweather.【解題法】(1)對分詞作狀語的考查主要在條件狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語、讓步狀語、結(jié)果狀語和伴隨狀語上。找準(zhǔn)分詞動作的邏輯主語，根據(jù)語境確定答案。(2)在語法填空中，常給出動詞形式?？忌杩紤]現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別，熟悉各自的意義及功能。高考對非謂語動詞作定語的考查主要有：現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式表示主動和進行；表示被動和完成；表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的將來動作；命題法考查非謂語作定語的用法典例(單句語法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.【解題法】各種非謂語形式作定語的用法(1)熟悉不同的非謂語作定語的特點以及一些固定用法。(2)在語篇型語法填空中，考查非謂語形式作定語一般都給提示詞，考生需分析題意，結(jié)合語境找出被修飾詞與所給動詞的邏輯關(guān)系，以及非謂語動作發(fā)生的時間，從而判斷出用哪一形式。考查非謂語動詞作補語、賓語、表語、主語時，要求考生能分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，熟知幾種非謂語形式的特點，分析動作發(fā)生的時間以及與邏輯主語的主動或被動關(guān)系。命題法考查非謂語動詞作補語、賓語、表語和主語的用法典例1(單句語法填空)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.典例2(單句語法填空)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.【解題法】(1)掌握一些非謂語動詞的意義，功能和固定用法。(2)在語篇型語法填空中，考查非謂語動詞是給提示詞的，考生要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷所填部分在句中所作的成分，然后再結(jié)合句意找出非謂語動作的邏輯主語以及兩者間的關(guān)系，還要清楚非謂語動作的發(fā)生時間，從而確定答案?！静槁┭a缺】單句語法填空。1.________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofAmerica.2.________(struggle)withdepressionforyears,shenowunderstandstheimportantofbeinghealthy.3.________(give)apush,anobjectwillmoveforwardanddowork.4.FormerChinesepremierZhuRongjiissaid___________(donate)nearly40millionyuanofallofhisbook'sroyalty(版稅)ineoverthepasttwoyears.5.Thestudent________(absorb)inthegamesonthesmartphoneduringclassdidnotnoticehisteacherbehindhim.6.Aman,________(sentence)18yearsago,wasfoundnotguilty,whichamazedmanypeople.Squaredancing,________(see)asawaytorelaxandexercisebysomepeople,hasbroughtaboutlotsofarguments.“Hopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst”isaproverb,________(mean)lifeisbeautifulandfulloffrustrationsaswell.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecitycenter,________(make)itverycrowded.Hesurvivedthecrash,only________(die)inthedesert.【梳理優(yōu)化】一、?？碱}型：1.語法填空題2.書面表達二、解題技巧第一步：辨別謂語與非謂語第二步：判斷語態(tài)找非謂語的邏輯主語：作定語時，被修飾的詞是其邏輯主語；作狀語時，句子的主語是其邏輯主語；作補語時，句子的賓語或主語是其邏輯主語。在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語之間是主謂還是動賓關(guān)系。第三步：分析時態(tài)根據(jù)非謂語自帶的時間狀語確定時間或根據(jù)上下文的語境確定時間。語法填空解題技法面面觀技巧一謹(jǐn)記句法功能技巧二牢記固定搭配技巧三辨清邏輯關(guān)系三、口訣(1)歌訣巧記僅接不定式作賓語的動詞：同意提出做計劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心強。agree(同意);offer(提出);intend,plan(打算,計劃);demand,ask(要求);promise(答應(yīng));help(幫忙);prepare(準(zhǔn)備);decide(決定);refuse(拒絕);dare(敢于);choose(選擇);wish,hope,want,expect(希望,想要);fail(不能);pretend(假裝);manage(設(shè)法);determine(決心)下列動詞或詞組一般用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒得想：admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免錯過繼續(xù)練：avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice否認(rèn)完成停止賞：deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡：can'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape不準(zhǔn)冒險憑想象：forbid,risk,imagine名稱語法功能主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語狀語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√【強化鞏固】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Ithasbeensaidbefore,but1._____________(experience)itmyselfhasmademewanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.Irecently2.___________(move)fromCanadatoasmallcityonthesouthcoastofSouthKoreatoworkasanEnglishteacher.Onenight,afteralongdayatwork,Iwasfeelingparticularlywornout.Mylegs3.____________(ache)andIwasn’tlookingforwardto4._________(cook)dinner.JustasIwasaboutto5.____________(push)thekeyintothedoor,theoldlandlady6._________(call)tomeandmotionedmeintoherapartment.Ididn’tunderstandawordthatshesaid,butIunderstoodhersmile.Ifollowedherintoherkitchen,whichsmelledlikethewonderfulKoreanfoodsIwasingtolove.7.___________(put)manydishesoffoodonthetable,shesatdownacrossfromme.Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourpleteinabilitytomunicateinwords.Whenitwastime8.___________(leave),Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,9._________(use)someofthefewwordsIhadlearned.IfeltlesslonelythanI10.____________(expect)thatnight.【課后練習(xí)】一、單句語法填空1.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________(watch)thesingingcontestliveonTV.2.LiNa,thefirst________(achieve)arankingofworldNo.2inAsia,retiredfromtennisinSeptember.3.Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains________(discuss)atthenextmeeting.4.Harry,pleasetellthepeopleseatedand___________(wait)fortheirturnstoetotheheadmaster’sofficetenminuteslater.5.TheofficeoftheStudents'Unionwillcontactthe___________(choose)candidatesforaninterviewinafewdays.6.FengXiaogang,____________(recognize)bymanyasaleadingdirector,lefthishandprintattheTCLChineseTheatre.7.InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere”hasappeared,__________(bine)thesenseof“information”and“atmosphere”.8.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________(connect).9.____________(municate)onWeChatisamonphenomenon,andmorepeoplehardlywriteletters.10.Theability_____________(express)one'sideasomehowdecideshowfaronecangetalonginone'scollege.二、語法填空FabienCousteauwasbornwithdeeplovefortheocean.Hisgrandfatherandhisfatherwereocean1._______________(explore)anddocumentaryfilmmakers.Today,Fabienfollowsinhisfamily'sfootsteptoprotecttheplanet's2._______________(danger)oceanlifeandtries3._______________(strike)abalancebetweenenvironmentalproblemsandmarketeconomies.Fabieniswellknownforhisstudyofsharks.During2000﹣2002,hecreatedaTVspecialbasedonthesharkattacksthat4._______________(occurr)alongtheNewJerseyshorelinein1916.Thenin2003﹣2006,5._______________thehelpofalargecrew,Fabiencreatedasharksubmarinethatenabled6._______________(he)toputhimselfinsidethesharkworld,providingpeoplewitharareviewofthemysteriousandoftenmisunderstoodcreatures.Forthenextfouryears,FabienwaspartofaseriescalledOceanAdventures,7._______________offeredararelookintosomeofthemostfantasticoceanspeciesandenvironments.In2010,Fabienstartedanonprofitprojecttohelprestorewaterecosystemsbyreplantingkeyoceanspecies.FromJune1toJuly2,2014,Fabienandhisteamspent31daysunderwatertodiscover8._______________climatechangeandpollutionareaffectingtheoceans.Fabien'sMission31brokenewgroundbygoingdeeper,longerandfarther.Fabineis9._______________(current)workingonadocumentaryfilmabouttheadventuresofMission31,aswellas10._______________(build)anOceanLearningCentertoprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwiththeopportunitytolearnaboutoceans.三、閱讀理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,hasweledthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtoweleanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirsttimemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogram