PMI培訓(xùn)資料：機泵基礎(chǔ)知識及操作

機泵基礎(chǔ)知識及操作主要內(nèi)容：1、泵的分類及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）4、泵的常見故障及處理方法（thepumpcommonfaultsandtreatmentmethods）1、泵的分類及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.1泵的定義（Pumpdefinition）

什么叫泵？

通常把提升液體，輸送液體或使液體增加壓力，即把原動力機的機械能變?yōu)橐后w能量的機器統(tǒng)稱為泵。Whatisthepump?Amachinethatusuallyliftsaliquid,conveysaliquid,orincreasesthepressureofaliquid,thatis,themechanicalenergythatconvertsthemechanicalpoweroftheprimemoverintoliquidenergy.

流體能量Fluidenergy機械能量Mechanicalenergy泵Pump1、泵的分類及用途（

theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.2泵的分類(classificationofpump)

按工作原理分：可以分為葉片式泵、容積式泵和其它類型泵三大類。Accordingtotheprincipleofworkpoints:typesofpumpcanbedividedintothreecategories.Vanepump,positivedisplacementpumpandother.

葉片式泵根據(jù)泵的葉輪和流道結(jié)構(gòu)特點的不同，葉片式泵可分為：離心泵（centrifugalpump），軸流泵（axialpump），混流泵（mixed-flowpump），旋渦泵（peripheralpump），噴射式泵（jetpump）。

VanepumpAccordingtothepumpimpellerandthecharacteristicsofthedifferentflowchannel,thebladepumpcanbedividedinto:centrifugalpump,axialflowpump,mixedflowpump,vortexpump,jetpump.

容積式泵根據(jù)運動部件運動方式的不同又分為：往復(fù)泵和回轉(zhuǎn)泵兩類。Volumetricpumpaccordingtothemovementofdifferentpartsofthemovementisdividedinto:reciprocatingpumpandrotarypumptwocategories1、泵的分類及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.2泵的分類(Classificationofpumps)

泵是國民經(jīng)濟中應(yīng)用最廣泛、最普遍的通用機械，除了水利、電力、農(nóng)業(yè)和礦山等大量采用外，尤以石油化工生產(chǎn)用量最多。而且由于化工生產(chǎn)中原料、半成品和最終產(chǎn)品中很多是具有不同物性的液體，如腐蝕性、固液兩相流、高溫或低溫等，要求有大量的具有一定特點的化工用泵來滿足工藝上的要求。Pumpisthemostwidelyusedinthenationaleconomy,themostcommongeneralmachinery,inadditiontowaterconservancy,electricity,agricultureandminingandotherlarge-scaleuse,especiallythelargestamountofpetrochemicalproduction.Andbecausethechemicalproductionofrawmaterials,semi-finishedproductsandthefinalproductisalotofdifferentphysicalpropertiesoftheliquid,suchascorrosive,solid-liquidtwo-phaseflow,hightemperatureorlowtemperature,requiresalargenumberofchemicalplantswithcertaincharacteristicstomeettheprocessTherequest.1、泵的分類及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.3泵的用途

(useof

pump)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

離心泵依靠旋轉(zhuǎn)葉輪對液體的作用把原動機的機械能傳遞給液體，由于離心泵的作用液體從葉輪進口流向出口的過程中，其速度能和壓力能都得到增加被葉輪排出的液體經(jīng)過出室大部分速度能轉(zhuǎn)換成壓力能然后沿排出管路送出去。這時，葉輪進口處側(cè)因液體的排出而形成真空或低壓，吸入池中液體在液面壓力（大氣壓）的作用下，即被壓入葉輪進口。于是，旋轉(zhuǎn)著的葉輪就連續(xù)不斷地吸入和排出液體。Thecentrifugalpumpreliesontheactionoftherotatingimpellertotransferthemechanicalenergyoftheprimemovertotheliquid.Astheactionofthecentrifugalpumpflowsfromtheimpellerinlettotheoutlet,itsvelocityandpressureenergyareincreased.TheliquiddischargedfromtheimpellerpassesthroughthechamberMostofthespeedcanbeconvertedintopressureandthensentalongthedischargeline.Atthistime,theimpellerinletsideoftheliquiddischargeduetotheformationofavacuumorlowpressure,thesuctiontankliquidintheliquidpressure(atmosphericpressure)undertheaction,thatispressedintotheimpellerinlet.Thus,therotatingimpellercontinuouslysucksanddischargestheliquid.

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

旋渦泵一種特殊類型的離心泵。葉輪為一圓盤，四周由凹槽構(gòu)成的葉片成輻射狀排列，葉片數(shù)目可多達幾十片。葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中泵內(nèi)液體隨之旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時，又在徑向環(huán)隙的作用下多次進入葉片反復(fù)作旋轉(zhuǎn)運動，從而獲得較高能量。Aspecialtypeofcentrifugalpump.Theimpellerisadisc,surroundedbythegroovecomposedofleavesarrangedinaradialarrangement,thenumberofleavesuptodozensofpieces.Impellerrotationprocesswiththerotationoftheliquidatthesametime,butalsoundertheactionoftheradialringundertherepeatedaccesstothebladeforrepeatedrotation,inordertoobtainhigherenergy.。2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

離心泵的品種很多，各種類型泵的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但主要零部件基本相同。主要零部件有泵殼、泵蓋、泵體、葉輪、密封環(huán)、泵軸、機封或填料函、聯(lián)軸器、軸承等。Manytypesofcentrifugalpumps,varioustypesofpumpstructure,althoughdifferent,butthemainpartsarebasicallythesame.

Themaincomponentsarepumpshell,pumpcover,pump,impeller,sealring,pumpshaft,machinesealorstuffingbox,coupling,bearingsandsoon.2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1離心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

容積式泵是指靠工作部件的運動造成工作容積周期性地增大和縮小而吸排液體，并靠工作部件的擠壓而直接使液體的壓力能增加。Thepositivedisplacementpumpiscausedbythemovementoftheworkingparttocausetheworkingvolumetoperiodicallyincreaseanddecreasetosucktheliquid,andthepressureoftheliquidcanbeincreaseddirectlybythepressingoftheworkingpart.

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

齒輪泵：兩齒輪在泵吸入口脫離嚙合，形成低壓區(qū)，液體被吸入并隨齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動被強行壓向排出端。在排出端兩齒輪又相互嚙合形成高壓區(qū)將液體擠壓出去。齒輪泵可產(chǎn)生較高的揚程，但流量小。適用于輸送高粘度液體或糊狀物料，但不宜輸送含固體顆粒的懸浮液。Gearpump:thetwogearsaredisengagedfromthepumpinlettoformalowpressurezonewheretheliquidissuckedandforcedtothedischargeendwiththerotationofthegear.Inthedischargesideofthetwogearsandmeshingwitheachothertoformahighpressureareatosqueezeouttheliquid.

Gearpumpcanproduceahigherlift,buttheflowissmall.Itissuitableforconveyinghighviscosityliquidorpastymaterial,butitisnotadvisabletotransportthesuspensioncontainingsolidparticles.齒輪泵Gearpump2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

螺桿泵的工作原理與齒輪泵相似，是借助轉(zhuǎn)動的螺桿與泵殼上的內(nèi)螺紋、或螺桿與螺桿相互嚙合將液體沿軸向推進，最終由排出口排出。按螺桿的數(shù)目，有單螺桿泵、雙螺桿泵、三螺桿泵以及五螺桿泵。Theworkingprincipleofthescrewpumpissimilartothatofthegearpump,andtheliquidispropelledintheaxialdirectionbytherotatingscrewandtheinternalthreadonthepumpcasing,orthescrewandthescrewareintermeshed,andfinallydischargedfromthedischargeport.Accordingtothenumberofscrews,asinglescrewpump,twinscrewpump,threescrewpumpandfivescrewpump.

螺桿泵壓頭高、效率高、無噪音、適用于輸送高粘度液體。

Screwpumppressureheadhigh,highefficiency,nonoise,suitableforconveyinghighviscosityliquid.2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

隔膜泵：用彈性金屬薄片或耐腐蝕性橡皮制成的隔膜將活柱與被輸送液體隔開，與活柱相通的一側(cè)則充滿油或水。當(dāng)活柱往復(fù)運動時，迫使隔膜交替向兩側(cè)彎曲，將液體吸入和排出。Diaphragmpump:Adiaphragmmadeofresilientmetalfoilorcorrosionresistantrubberseparatesthecolumnfromtheconveyedliquidandthesideofthecolumnisfilledwithoilorwater.

Whenthelivecolumnreciprocatingmotion,forcingthediaphragmalternatelytobothsidesofthebending,theliquidinhalationanddischarge.氣動隔膜泵2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

計量泵的傳動裝置是通過偏心輪把電機的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動變成柱塞的往復(fù)運動。偏心輪的偏心距可調(diào)，以此來改變柱塞往復(fù)的行程，從而達到調(diào)節(jié)和控制泵的流量的目的。計量泵一般用于要求輸液量十分準(zhǔn)確或幾種液體要求按一定配比輸送的場合。Meteringpumptransmissiondeviceisthroughtheeccentricwheeltothemotor'srotarymotionintoareciprocatingmotionoftheplunger.Eccentricwheeleccentricityadjustable,inordertochangetheplungerreciprocatingstroke,soastoachievethepurposeofregulatingandcontrollingtheflowofthepump.Meteringpumpsaregenerallyusedtorequiretheinfusionvolumeisveryaccurateorseveralliquidsrequiredbyacertainratioofdeliveryoccasions.2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容積式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

噴射泵是利用工作流體通過噴嘴高速射流時產(chǎn)生真空將氣體吸入，在泵體內(nèi)與工作流體混合后排出。工作流體可以是蒸汽或液體；

結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，無運動部件，但效率低，工作流體消耗大。單級可達90%的真空度，多級噴射泵可獲得更高的真空度。Jetpumpistheuseofworkingfluidthroughthenozzlewhenthehigh-speedjetvacuumgeneratedbythegasinhalation,mixedwiththeworkingfluidinthepumpafterthedischarge.Theworkingfluidmaybesteamorliquid;

Simplestructure,nomovingparts,buttheefficiencyislow,theworkingfluidconsumption.Single-stageupto90%ofthevacuum,multi-stagejetpumpcangetahigherdegreeofvacuum.2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.3噴射泵的工作原理(Jetpump

workprinciple)

2、泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.3噴射泵的工作原理(Jetpump

workprinciple)

3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1離心泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

檢查泵體及出入口管線，附屬管線，閥門，法蘭，活接頭、壓力表有無泄漏，地腳螺絲及電機接地線有無松動，聯(lián)軸節(jié)是否接好。2.

檢查泵出口壓力表和密封油壓力表是否安裝良好，量程選擇是否合適，壓力表、電流表、軸承箱油位否已用安全紅線標(biāo)記，核實壓力表根部閥已打開。3.

按機泵滑潤油“五定”（定點：規(guī)定每臺設(shè)備的潤滑部位及加油點；定人：規(guī)定每個加、換油點的責(zé)任人；定質(zhì)：規(guī)定每個加油點的潤滑油品牌號；定時：規(guī)定加、換油時間；定量：規(guī)定每次加、換油數(shù)量）和三級過濾（一級過濾為領(lǐng)油大桶到固定貯油箱、二級過濾為貯油箱到油壺、三級過濾為油壺到潤滑部位）規(guī)定向軸承油箱注入合格滑潤油，油箱必須用潤滑油清洗干凈，油位加至油標(biāo)的1/3～2/3之間。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1離心泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.Checkthepumpandinletandoutletpipelines,ancillarypipelines,valves,flanges,unionjoints,pressuregaugeforleaks,footscrewandmotorgroundwireforloose,couplingisconnected.

2.Checkthepumpoutletpressuregaugeandsealoilpressuregaugeisinstalledwell,therangeselectionisappropriate,pressuregauge,ammeter,bearingtankoillevelhasbeenmarkedwithasaferedline,verifythepressuregaugerootvalvehasbeenopened.

3.Accordingtothepumpoil"fivefixed"(fixedpoint:theprovisionsofeachdevicelubricationandrefuelingpoint;setpeople:theprovisionsofeachplus,oilchangepointofresponsibility;quality:theprovisionsofeachpointoflubrication(Onetimeforeachincrease,thenumberofoilchange)andthreefilters(afilterfortheoilvatstoafixedstoragetank,twofiltersforthestoragetanktotheoilpot,Threefiltersfortheoiltanktothelubricationsite)tothebearingtankintothequalifiedoil,thetankmustbecleanedwithoil,oilleveladdedtotheoilbetweenthe1/3~2/3between.4.

盤車，檢查轉(zhuǎn)子是否靈活、輕松，泵體內(nèi)是否有不正常聲音和金屬撞擊聲，盤車后將對輪罩復(fù)位。5.

打開泵體和自沖洗冷卻器的冷卻水使其暢通循環(huán)。6.

帶有密封油罐沖洗的泵，確認密封油罐油液位在50％~60%之間，密封油罐頂部至放火炬線的閥門打開。

7.

全開泵的入口閥灌泵，使泵內(nèi)充滿液體，打開泵出口管線的排氣閥，用手沿泵旋轉(zhuǎn)方向轉(zhuǎn)動泵軸，將泵內(nèi)空氣及其他氣體全部排除（密閉排放）。

8.

對于泵送介質(zhì)溫度在200℃以上或泵送介質(zhì)為易凝介質(zhì)的泵，在運行前必須充分暖泵。暖泵必須緩慢，升溫速度不得超過50℃/h，預(yù)熱到與運轉(zhuǎn)溫度差40～60℃范圍內(nèi)，預(yù)熱過程中每隔30～40分鐘盤車180°。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1離心泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1離心泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）4.Checkthecar,checktherotorisflexible,easy,thepumpbodyisabnormalsoundandmetalimpactsound,thewheelwillberesetwhenthewheelcover.

5.Openthepumpandthecoolingwaterfromtheflushcoolertoallowittocirculate.

6.Withasealedtankflushingpump,confirmthesealoiltanklevelbetween50%to60%,sealedthetopofthetanktothetorchlinetoopenthevalve.7.Openthepumpinletvalvetopumpthepumpsothatthepumpisfilledwithliquid,opentheexhaustvalveofthepumpoutletline,turnthepumpshaftinthedirectionofrotationofthepump,andremovealltheairandothergasesinthepump(closeddischarge)The8.Forpumpswherethepumpingmediumtemperatureisabove200°Corthepumpingmediumisacondensablemedium,thepumpmustbeadequatelywarmbeforerunning.Theheatingpumpmustbeslow,theheatingrateshallnotexceed50℃/h,preheattotheoperatingtemperaturedifferenceof40~60℃range,preheatingprocessevery30to40minutescar180°.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2離心泵的啟泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

1.

啟動前再次手動盤車，確認旋轉(zhuǎn)平滑無卡澀，無輕重不勻。2.

準(zhǔn)備好油壺，工具，測溫儀，聽棒，測振儀，“F”扳手等。3.

聯(lián)系電工送電，對新安裝泵或電機檢修后的泵，應(yīng)點動一下檢查機泵旋轉(zhuǎn)方向是否正常，若反轉(zhuǎn)，應(yīng)立即停泵聯(lián)系電工處理。4.

確認入口閥全開、出口閥全關(guān)（熱油泵啟泵前關(guān)閉預(yù)熱線閥門），如單泵有最小流量旁通閥，則該閥門開度10～30%。5.

按啟動電鈕啟動機泵（高壓電機驅(qū)動的泵啟動前需通知調(diào)度，調(diào)度同意后方可按啟動按鈕）。密切監(jiān)視電流指示和泵出口壓力指示的變化；檢查密封油的情況和端面密封的泄漏情況，察聽機泵的運轉(zhuǎn)聲音是否正常，檢查機泵的振動情況和各運轉(zhuǎn)點的溫度上升情況，若發(fā)現(xiàn)電流超負荷或機泵有雜音不正常，應(yīng)立即停泵查找原因。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2離心泵的啟泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

1.Startagainbeforethemanualcar,toconfirmtherotationsmoothwithoutjam,noseverityuneven.

2.Preparetheoilpot,tools,thermometer,listeningrod,vibrationmeter,"F"wrenchandsoon.

3.Contacttheelectriciantosendelectricity,thenewinstallationofthepumpormotorafterthepump,shouldbealittlebittocheckthedirectionofrotationofthepumpisnormal,ifreversed,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptocontacttheelectrician.

4.Makesurethattheinletvalveisfullyopenandtheoutletvalveisfullyclosed(thehotpumpclosesthepreheatlinevalve).Ifthesinglepumphastheminimumflowbypassvalve,thevalveopeningis10~30%.

5.Pressthestartbuttontostartthepump(high-voltagemotor-drivenpumptobenotifiedbeforethestartofscheduling,scheduling,pressthestartbutton).Closemonitoringofthecurrentindicationandpumpoutletpressureindicationchanges;checkthesealingoilandtheendofthesealofthesituation,checkthepumprunningsoundisnormal,checkthepumpvibrationandtheoperatingpointofthetemperaturerise,ifFoundthatthecurrentoverloadorpumpnoiseisnotnormal,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptofindthecause.6.

確認啟動正常(所謂正常，即啟動后，電流指針超程后很快下來，泵出口壓力不低于正常操作壓力，無晃量抽空現(xiàn)象，密封、振動、噪音、溫度無異常)，即可緩慢均勻地打開泵出口閥門，并同時密切監(jiān)視電流指示和泵出口壓力指示的變化情況，當(dāng)電流指示值隨著出口閥的逐漸開大而逐漸上升后，說明量已打出去。7.

按規(guī)定做好測溫測振記錄。6.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestartofthecurrentpointeroverturnedquicklydown,thepumpoutletpressureisnotlowerthanthenormaloperatingpressure,noAkirataketime,seal,vibration,noise,notemperature)Canslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andatthesametimeclosemonitoringofcurrentandpumpoutletpressureindicationchanges,whenthecurrentindicatorwiththeexportvalvegraduallyopenedandgraduallyincreased,indicatingthattheamounthasbeenhitout.

7.Accordingtotheprovisionsofthetemperaturemeasurementrecord.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2離心泵的啟泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3離心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）1.

先關(guān)閉泵出口閥門，然后按停機按鈕停機，視情況關(guān)閉入口閥門（如泵不檢修，則不必關(guān)閉）。2.

停泵后如需檢修，則將密封油罐的密封油排干凈，泵體溫度降至常溫后停冷卻水(若泵停后不檢修，可以不排封油罐的封油，不停冷卻水)，打開泵體排空閥向密閉放空系統(tǒng)排液至泵體排空。3.

熱油泵停運后，可適當(dāng)調(diào)小冷卻水而不應(yīng)停止冷卻，打開泵預(yù)熱線閥門，使之處于熱備用狀態(tài)，應(yīng)防止預(yù)熱量太大引起泵倒轉(zhuǎn)。若泵需解體檢修，則應(yīng)關(guān)閉入口閥，適當(dāng)打開泵出入口管線的聯(lián)通線閥，關(guān)閉泵體預(yù)熱線手閥，冷卻后待修，但應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查泵體的冷卻速度，判斷出入口閥門是否關(guān)嚴。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3離心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）1.Closethepumpoutletvalvefirst,thenpressthestopbuttontostop,asthecaseclosestheinletvalve(ifthepumpisnotrepaired,donothavetoshutdown).

2.Ifyouneedtorepairthepump,thenthesealedoiltanksealedoilrowclean,thepumptemperaturedroppedtoroomtemperatureafterthestopcoolingwater(ifthepumpisnotrepairedaftertherepair,youcannotrowtheoiltank,Coolingwater),openthepumpdrainvalvetotheclosedventingsystemdraintothepumpbodyemptying.

3.Afterthehotoilpumpoutage,maybeappropriatetoadjustthecoolingwaterandshouldnotstopcooling,openthepumppreheatlinevalve,sothatinthehotstandbystate,shouldpreventtoomuchheatcausedbypumpreverse.Ifthepumpshouldbedisassembled,youshouldclosetheinletvalve,properlyopenthepumpinletandoutletlineoftheline,closethepumppreheathandvalve,aftercoolingtoberepaired,butshouldalwayscheckthepumpcoolingratetodeterminewhethertheinletvalvestrict.4.

剛停泵后，應(yīng)注意電機溫度的回升(特別是較大電機或夏季)，必要時可用壓縮風(fēng)膠管吹電機冷卻。5.

停泵后每個小時盤車一次并做好記錄。6.

需要檢修的泵，要在停泵后隔離、冷卻、排液，停輔助系統(tǒng)，使泵內(nèi)壓力下降為零。需置換吹掃的泵必須吹掃干凈。確認所有閥門已關(guān)閉，并且各個能量隔離點掛禁動拍防止人員誤操作。7.聯(lián)系電工對需要檢修的泵進行斷電操作。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3離心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3離心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）4.Justafterstoppingthepump,payattentiontothemotortemperaturerise(especiallythelargermotororsummer),ifnecessary,canbecompressedairhoseblowingmotorcooling.

5.Afterstoppingthepumpeverytimethecaronceandmakearecord.

6.Needtorepairthepump,tostopthepumpaftertheisolation,cooling,drainage,stoptheauxiliarysystem,sothatthepressuredroptozeropump.Thepumptobepurgedmustbepurged.Makesureallvalvesareclosedandthattheindividualenergyisolationpointsaredisabledtopreventpersonnelfrommalfunctioning.

7.Contacttheelectriciantopoweroffthepumpthatneedstoberepaired.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）1.

絕對不允許無液體空轉(zhuǎn),以免零件損壞。2.

必須確保軸承箱油位及油質(zhì)正常，以防軸承磨損損壞。3.

不允許未灌泵排氣即運轉(zhuǎn)泵。4.

啟動后在出口閥未開的情況下斷流運行一般不應(yīng)超過1分鐘。5.

必要時用出口閥調(diào)節(jié)流量，不可用入口閥調(diào)節(jié)流量，以免抽空。6.

啟動前必須要把出口閥全關(guān)，防止主電機啟動時因過載而導(dǎo)致主電機調(diào)?；蛑麟姍C燒壞。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）1.Neverallownoliquididling,soastoavoidpartsdamage.

2.Mustensurethatthebearingtankoillevelandoilqualitytopreventdamagetothebearingwear.

3.Donotallowthepumpisnotpumpedtorunthepump.

4.Afterthestartoftheoutletvalveisnotopeninthecaseofdisconnectionoperationshouldgenerallynotexceed1minute.

5.Ifnecessary,usetheoutletvalvetoadjusttheflow,cannotusetheinletvalvetoadjusttheflow,soasnottotakethetime.

6.Beforestartingtheoutletvalvemustbefullyclosed,topreventthemainmotorwhenthestartduetooverloadcausedbythemainmotormediationorthemainmotorburned.7.

運行泵運轉(zhuǎn)時，備用泵應(yīng)處于合理的備用狀態(tài)(通常情況下泵的入口閥應(yīng)全開,出口閥應(yīng)關(guān)閉,對于高溫泵應(yīng)把泵的預(yù)熱線閥門打開；對于帶有聯(lián)鎖自啟動的泵，在備用時出口閥的開度應(yīng)與運行泵的出口閥必須有適當(dāng)?shù)拈_度)。8.

隨時檢查泵入口濾網(wǎng)的運行狀況，判斷入口濾網(wǎng)發(fā)生堵塞時，及時安排清洗。9.

對于帶有聯(lián)鎖自啟動的泵，備用泵現(xiàn)場操作柱應(yīng)處于自動狀態(tài)。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）7.Whenthepumpisrunning,thestandbypumpshouldbeinareasonablestandbystate(usuallythepumpinletvalveshouldbefullyopen,theoutletvalveshouldbeclosed,forthehightemperaturepumpshouldbethepumppreheatlinevalveopen;withinterlockingStartthepump,inthesparewhentheopeningoftheoutletvalveshouldberunningwiththepumpoutletvalvemusthavetheappropriateopening).

8.Checkthepumpinletfilteratanytimetodeterminetheoperationoftheinletfilterblock,thetimelyarrangementsforcleaning.

9.Forpumpswithinterlockingself-starting,thesparepumpoperatingcolumnshouldbeintheautomaticstate.10.離心泵：用潤滑油潤滑的滑動軸承不超過65℃、滾動軸承不超過70℃。用潤滑脂潤滑的滑動軸承不超過80℃，滾動軸承不超過95℃。電機：用潤滑油潤滑的滑動軸承不超過65℃、滾動軸承不超過70℃。用潤滑脂潤滑的滑動軸承不超過80℃，滾動軸承不超過95℃。振動：

小型轉(zhuǎn)機（15kW以下）≤0.71mm/s，中型轉(zhuǎn)機（300KW以下）≤1.12mm/s，大型轉(zhuǎn)機剛性支承≤1.8mm/s，大型轉(zhuǎn)機柔性支承≤2.8mm/s。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）10.Centrifugalpump:lubricatedwithlubricatingoilbearingsdonotexceed65℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed70℃.Greaselubricationoftheslidingbearingdoesnotexceed80℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed95℃.

Motor:Lubricatinglubricatingplainbearingsdonotexceed65℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed70℃.Greaselubricationoftheslidingbearingdoesnotexceed80℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed95℃.

Vibration:smalltransfermachine(15kWbelow)≤0.71mm/s,medium-sizedmachine(300KWbelow)≤1.12mm/s,large-scaletransitionmachinerigidsupport≤1.8mm/s,large-scaleflexiblemachinesupport≤2.8mm/s.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）11.機泵軸封泄漏按一下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行：機械密封泄漏不超過以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：輕質(zhì)油10滴/分，重油5滴/分。填料密封泄漏不超過以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：輕質(zhì)油20滴/分，重油10滴/分。同時應(yīng)視泵送介質(zhì)的化學(xué)性質(zhì)，環(huán)境及工藝條件等綜合考慮。帶沖洗的串聯(lián)機封，要檢查封油罐液位保持在50％左右，如出現(xiàn)封油罐液位上升或下降較快的現(xiàn)象，說明機械密封發(fā)生泄露。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4離心泵的操作注意事項（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）11.Pumpshaftsealleakedbythestandardimplementation:

Mechanicalsealleakagedoesnotexceedthefollowingcriteria:lightoil10drops/min,heavyoil5drops/min.Packingsealleakagedoesnotexceedthefollowingcriteria:lightoil20drops/min,heavyoil10drops/min.Atthesametimeshouldbebasedonthechemicalpropertiesofthepump,theenvironmentandprocessconditions,suchascomprehensiveconsideration.Withaflushoftheseriesseal,tocheckthesealingtanklevelremainedatabout50%,suchastheemergenceofsealingtanklevelriseordeclinefasterphenomenon,indicatingthatthemechanicalsealleaked.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5計量泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

檢查泵體及出入口管線，附屬管線，閥門，法蘭，活接頭、壓力表有無泄漏，地腳螺絲及電機接地線有無松動。2.

檢查泵出口壓力表和密封油壓力表是否安裝良好，量程選擇是否合適，壓力表、電流表、軸承箱油位否已用安全紅線標(biāo)記，核實壓力表根部閥已打開。3.

按機泵滑潤油“五定”（定點：規(guī)定每臺設(shè)備的潤滑部位及加油點；定人：規(guī)定每個加、換油點的責(zé)任人；定質(zhì)：規(guī)定每個加油點的潤滑油品牌號；定時：規(guī)定加、換油時間；定量：規(guī)定每次加、換油數(shù)量）和三級過濾（一級過濾為領(lǐng)油大桶到固定貯油箱、二級過濾為貯油箱到油壺、三級過濾為油壺到潤滑部位）規(guī)定向軸承油箱注入合格滑潤油，油箱必須用潤滑油清洗干凈，油位加至油標(biāo)的1/3～2/3之間。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5計量泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.Checkthepumpandinletandoutletpipelines,ancillarypipelines,valves,flanges,unionjoints,pressuregaugeforleaks,footscrewandmotorgroundwireforloose.

2.Checkthepumpoutletpressuregaugeandsealoilpressuregaugeisinstalledwell,therangeselectionisappropriate,pressuregauge,ammeter,bearingtankoillevelhasbeenmarkedwithasaferedline,verifythepressuregaugerootvalvehasbeenopened.

3.Accordingtothepumpoil"fivefixed"(fixedpoint:theprovisionsofeachdevicelubricationandrefuelingpoint;setpeople:theprovisionsofeachplus,oilchangepointofresponsibility;quality:theprovisionsofeachpointoflubrication(Onetimeforeachincrease,thenumberofoilchange)andthreefilters(afilterfortheoilvatstoafixedstoragetank,twofiltersforthestoragetanktotheoilpot,Threefiltersfortheoiltanktothelubricationsite)tothebearingtankintothequalifiedoil,thetankmustbecleanedwithoil,oilleveladdedtotheoilbetweenthe1/3~2/3between.4.清理機泵入口過濾器，并且確認清理干凈。5.檢查機泵出入口管線上的放空全關(guān)，出口安全閥投用。6.檢查機泵出入口閥已全開，出入口管線無泄漏。7.檢查確認機泵的行程必須處在0%位置。4.Cleanthepumpinletfilterandconfirmcleanliness.

5.Checkthepumpontheinletandoutletoftheventonthewholeclearance,exportsafetyvalve.

6.Checkthepumpinletandoutletvalvesarefullyopen,theinletandoutletpipelineswithoutleakage.

7.Checkthatthetravelofthepumpmustbeat0%.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5計量泵的啟泵前的檢查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

啟動前再次確認出入口閥全開，機泵的行程必須處在0%位置。2.

準(zhǔn)備好油壺，工具，測溫儀，聽棒，測振儀，“F”扳手等。3.

聯(lián)系電工送電，對新安裝泵或電機檢修后的泵，應(yīng)點動一下檢查機泵旋轉(zhuǎn)方向是否正常，若反轉(zhuǎn)，應(yīng)立即停泵聯(lián)系電工處理。4.

按啟動電鈕啟動機泵，密切監(jiān)視泵出口壓力指示的變化；檢查靜密封點是否有泄漏情況，察聽機泵的運轉(zhuǎn)聲音是否正常，檢查機泵的振動情況和各運轉(zhuǎn)點的溫度上升情況，若發(fā)現(xiàn)機泵有雜音不正常，應(yīng)立即停泵查找原因。5.確認啟動正常(所謂正常，即啟動后，無晃量抽空現(xiàn)象，密封、振動、噪音、溫度無異常)，即可緩慢均勻地打開泵出口閥門，并同時密切監(jiān)視泵出口壓力指示的變化情況。6.

按規(guī)定做好測溫測振記錄。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5計量泵的啟泵（volumepumppumpoperation)1.Onceagain,confirmthattheinletandoutletvalvesarefullyopenandthestrokeofthepumpmustbeat0%.2.Preparetheoilpot,tools,thermometer,listeningrod,vibrationmeter,"F"wrenchandsoon.

3.Contacttheelectriciantosendelectricity,thenewinstallationofthepumpormotorafterthepump,shouldbealittlebittocheckthedirectionofrotationofthepumpisnormal,ifreversed,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptocontacttheelectrician.

4.Pressthestartbuttontostartthepump,closethepumpoutletpressureindicatorchanges;checkthestaticsealpointisleaked,checkthepumprunningsoundisnormal,checkthepumpvibrationandtheoperatingpointofthetemperatureriseSituation,iffoundthepumpisabnormalnoise,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptofindthecause.

5.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestart,noshaketheamountoftime,seal,vibration,noise,noabnormaltemperature),youcanslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andclosemonitoringpumpoutletpressureindicationchangesHappening.

6.Accordingtotheprovisionsofgoodtemperaturemeasurementrecord.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5計量泵的啟泵（volumepumppumpoperation)7.

確認啟動正常(所謂正常，即啟動后，無晃量抽空現(xiàn)象，密封、振動、噪音、溫度無異常)，即可緩慢均勻地打開泵出口閥門，并同時密切監(jiān)視泵出口壓力指示的變化情況。8.

按規(guī)定做好測溫測振記錄。7.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestart,noshaketheamountoftime,seal,vibration,noise,notemperature),youcanslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andclosemonitoringpumpoutletpressureindicationchangesHappeni