2025屆新高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致

2025屆新高考英語精品復(fù)習(xí)謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致1.

The

plan

will

extend

protection

to

a

significant

number

of

areas

that

______（be）

previously

unprotected...were[解析]

考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞areas為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；根據(jù)“previously

（之前地）”可知，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填were。2.

In

the

last

five

years,

Cao

___________（walk）

through

34

countries

in

six

continents,

and

in

2016,

he

reached

the

top

of

Kilimanjaro,

Africa’s

highest

mountain.has

walked[解析]

考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語In

the

last

five

years可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填has

walked。3.

You

can’t

help

wondering

how

hard

it

_____（be）

for

the

people

then

to

put

all

those

rocks

into

place.was[解析]

從句中it是形式主語，代替真正的主語to

put

all

those

rocks

into

place，再根據(jù)時間狀語then可知，設(shè)空處需填was。4.

It

_________（build）

originally

to

protect

the

city

in

the

Tang

dynasty

and

has

now

been

completely

restored

（修復(fù)）.was

built[解析]

考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句子主語It與動詞build是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài);由句中的originally可知它是在過去修建的，故要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。5.

The

artist

was

sure

he

would

__________（choose）,

but

when

he

presented

his

masterpiece

to

the

emperor’s

chief

minister,

the

old

man

laughed.be

chosen[解析]

考查動詞的語態(tài)。動詞choose與he之間是被動關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài),而且前面有情態(tài)動詞would，其后應(yīng)用動詞原形,故填be

chosen。6.

“This

really

excites

scientists,”

Carle

Pieters,

a

scientist

at

Brown

University,

says,

“because

it_______

（mean）

we

have

the

chance

to

obtain

information

about

how

the

moon

is

constructed.”means[解析]

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，空格處作謂語，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語為it,故填means。7.

In

recent

years

some

Inuit

people

in

Nunavut

_____________（report）

increases

in

bear

sightings

around

human

settlements,

leading

to

a

belief

that

populations

are

increasing.have

reported[解析]

設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語In

recent

years可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語some

Inuit

people為復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填have

reported?！脖貍渲R〕考點一

謂語動詞的時態(tài)一、一般時態(tài)（一）一般現(xiàn)在時1.一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時主要由動詞原形構(gòu)成。be動詞在第一人稱單數(shù)后用am,第三人稱單數(shù)后用is,其他人稱后均用are。動詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式用has。實義動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下:變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況直接加-shate—hates結(jié)尾為-s,-x,-sh,-ch或-o,在詞尾加-esdiscuss—discusseswash—washes

fix—fixesteach—teaches

go—goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母+y”,變y為i再加-escarry—carries

study—studies2.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。常與副詞（詞組）always,

every

time,

now

and

then,

occasionally,

often,

seldom,

never,

sometimes,

usually,

every

day/night等連用。On

Monday

mornings,

it

usually

takes

me

an

hour

to

drive

to

work

though

the

actual

distance

is

only

20

miles.

每個周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費一個小時，盡管實際距離只有20英里。（2）如果主句用一般將來時，那么在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。The

president

hopes

that

the

people

will

be

better

off

when

he

quits.這位總統(tǒng)希望人們在他離任時更富有。（3）按時刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動作或事件。常見的動詞（詞組）有g(shù)o,

arrive,

leave,

start,

stay,

return,

begin,

come,

take

off等。Look

at

the

timetable.

Hurry

up!

Flight

4026

takes

off

at

18：20.看看時刻表。快點兒吧！4026航班將在18：20起飛。（二）一般過去時1.一般過去時的構(gòu)成一般過去時由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。規(guī)則動詞的過去式的變化規(guī)則見下表：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在動詞后加-edprevent—prevented以-e結(jié)尾的動詞后加-dlike—liked以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,變y為i再加-edtry—tried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫該輔音字母再加-edrefer—referredsubmit—submitted2.一般過去時的用法（1）表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。常與often,

usually,

seldom

等表示頻率的副詞連用。還可以表示在過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與yesterday,

the

other

day,

last

week,

the

day

before

yesterday等表示過去的時間狀語連用。A

few

months

after

he

had

arrived

in

China,

Mr.

Smith

fell

in

love

with

the

people

and

culture

there.史密斯先生到中國幾個月后就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。（2）有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的這類動詞有know,

think,

expect,

want等。Edward,

you

play

so

well.

But

I

didn’t

know

you

could

play

the

piano.愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會彈鋼琴。（三）一般將來時1.一般將來時的構(gòu)成一般將來時由“shall/will＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成。2.一般將來時的用法（1）表示從現(xiàn)在看來將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow,

next

year,

in＋一段時間等連用。The

students

have

been

working

hard

on

their

lessons

and

they

will

be

rewarded

with

success

in

the

future.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們將來會得到成功的回報。（2）“will＋動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定?！猈hat

time

is

it?——幾點了？—I

have

no

idea.

But

just

a

minute,

I

will

check

it

for

you.——我不知道。但是你稍等一下，我給你查查。3.其他表示“將來”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）“be

going

to＋動詞原形”表示按計劃打算要做某事或某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look!

Dark

clouds

are

gathering.

It

is

going

to

rain

soon,

I

think.瞧!烏云正在聚集。

我想快要下雨了。（2）“be

to＋動詞原形”表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作；也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。You

are

to

hand

in

your

papers

by

10

o’clock.你們必須在10點前上交試卷。（3）“be

about

to＋動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體時間的狀語連用。The

train

is

about

to

start.火車就要開了。二、進行時態(tài)（一）進行時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時由“am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；過去進行時由“was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；將來進行時由“will/shall＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則如下表：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾直接加-ingask—asking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加-ingwrite—writingface—facing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫該輔音字母再加-ingcut—cuttingbegin—beginningswim—swimming以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變-ie為y再加-inglie—lyingdie—dying（二）進行時的用法1.現(xiàn)在進行時（1）表示說話時正在進行或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，雖然此時此刻該動作不一定正在進行。Today

we

are

facing

a

strange

new

world

and

we

are

all

wondering

what

we

are

going

to

do.我們今天面對的是一個陌生的新世界，并且我們都想知道我們將要做什么。（2）表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常見的動詞有g(shù)o,

come,

leave,

start,

arrive,

return等。Keep

calm,

please.

I

am

arriving.

請保持鎮(zhèn)靜，我馬上就到。2.過去進行時（1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,常與表示過去的時間狀語從句以及at

that

time,

at

that

moment,

at

this

time

yesterday,

at

ten

o’clock

yesterday等連用。He

was

writing

a

book

last

year,

but

I

don’t

know

if

he

has

finished

it.

他去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他是否已經(jīng)完成了。（2）表示一個過去的動作正在進行時,這時另一個過去的動作發(fā)生了,常與并列連詞when連用。Jack

was

working

in

the

lab

when

the

power

cut

occurred.

杰克正在實驗室里工作,這時突然斷電了。3.將來進行時表示將來某一時刻或某一時段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語連用，如this

time

tomorrow，

at

that

time,

from

1：30

to

4：30

tomorrow等。Jane

can’t

attend

the

meeting

at

3

o’clock

this

afternoon

because

she

will

be

teaching

a

class

at

that

time.簡不能參加今天下午三點的會議，因為她那時有一堂課。三、完成時態(tài)（一）完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成；過去完成時由“had＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。（二）完成時的用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時（1）表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作，但這個動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常與already,

just,

yet等時間狀語連用。The

manager

has

just

left.

If

only

you

had

come

a

moment

earlier.經(jīng)理剛走，你要是能早來一會兒就好了。（2）表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直延續(xù)至今（可能還要延續(xù)下去）。常與since+時間點，for+時間段等時間狀語連用。His

first

novel

has

received

good

reviews

since

it

came

out

last

month.他的第一部小說自上個月出版以來獲得了好評。（3）在條件、時間等狀語從句中，可用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來某時間前已完成的動作。I’ll

give

my

opinion

when

I

have

read

the

book

through.

我讀完了這本書就會告訴你我的意見。2.過去完成時（1）表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。句中一般有明確的表示“過去的過去”的時間狀語（從句），但在語法填空題中很多時候需要通過上下文來判斷。When

walking

down

the

street,

I

came

across

David,

whom

I

hadn’t

seen

for

years.當(dāng)沿街散步的時候，我遇見了多年未見的戴維。（2）表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常用的時間狀語有before,

by

that

time,

by

the

end

of,

by

the

time等。By

the

end

of

June

they

had

treated

over

10,000

patients.到六月底他們已治療了一萬多名病人。（3）表示“希望、打算、認為”的動詞（如hope,

want,

expect,

think,

mean,

wish,

plan,

intend）用過去完成時表示過去本打算實現(xiàn)而未實現(xiàn)的愿望或計劃。I

had

hoped

to

send

Peter

a

gift

to

congratulate

him

on

his

marriage,

but

I

couldn’t

manage

it.我本希望送給彼得一份禮物以祝賀他結(jié)婚,但我沒能做到。3.常使用完成時的句型（1）This/It/That

is

the+序數(shù)詞+time＋that

sb.

has/have

done

sth.This/It/That

was

the+序數(shù)詞+time＋that

sb.

had

done

sth.這/那是某人第幾次做某事。（2）It/This

is/was

the＋最高級＋名詞＋（that）定語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在/過去完成時。（3）It

is/has

been＋一段時間＋since

sb.

did

sth.It

was/had

been＋一段時間＋since

sb.

had

done

sth.自從某人做某事以來多久了。（4）在句型Hardly/Scarcely...when.../No

sooner...than...中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。Hardly

had

I

got

home

when

the

rain

poured

down.我剛到家，雨就傾盆而下。四、過去將來時1.過去將來時的構(gòu)成過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。2.過去將來時的用法（1）表示從過去的某一時間來看將來（仍然是過去時間）要發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。He

said

that

he

would

never

return.

他說他決不回來。（2）表示過去的某種習(xí)慣性行為。Whenever

we

had

trouble,

he

would

come

to

help

us.

每當(dāng)我們遇到困難時，他總會來幫助我們。（3）表示強烈意愿。I

love

my

dog

and

I

would

never

part

from

him.

我愛我的狗，決不愿和它分離。五、現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進行時由“have/has＋been＋v.-ing”構(gòu)成。2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法（1）常用來表示動作開始于過去某個時間，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會繼續(xù)進行下去。（2020天津卷）—You

are

a

great

swimmer.——你游泳很棒。—Thanks.

It’s

because

I

have

been

practising

a

lot

these

days.——謝謝。這是因為這些天我一直在練習(xí)。I’m

very

tired.

I

have

been

correcting

the

students’

papers

all

the

morning.我很累。我整個上午都在批改學(xué)生的試卷。（2）表示到目前為止的一段時間里在反復(fù)進行的動作。I

have

been

calling

him

many

times

this

morning，

but

there’s

no

answer.今天早上我給他打了很多次電話，但都沒有回應(yīng)。易錯提示現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始的一個動作到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，體現(xiàn)動作的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示過去開始的一個動作到目前為止仍在進行，甚至仍將繼續(xù)。I’ve

read

Journey

to

the

West.我已經(jīng)讀過《西游記》了。（已經(jīng)完成）I

have

been

reading

Journey

to

the

West

these

days.這些天我一直在讀《西游記》。（仍在進行甚至仍將繼續(xù)）考點特訓(xùn)1.

I

took

out

a

pan

from

the

bottom

drawer

of

the

stove,

and

carefully

_______（place）

it

on

the

front

burner.placed[解析]

由took可知，句子描述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填placed。2.

Beijing

is

such

a

big

stage

and

I

have

missed

out

on

many

of

the

big

events

that

___________（take）

place

in

the

past

few

years.have

taken[解析]

由in

the

past

few

years可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句的主語是關(guān)系代詞that，指代先行詞big

events，且take

place（發(fā)生）無被動語態(tài)，故填have

taken。3.

Shi

Guangyin,

an

eco-warrior

from

Shaanxi

Province,

__________________________（battle）

against

desertification

for

about

40

years.has

been

battling/has

battled[解析]

根據(jù)“for

about

40

years”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時，句子的主語Shi

Guangyin為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填has

been

battling或has

battled。4.

The

unmanned

Chang’e-4

probe

（探測器）—the

name

was

inspired

by

an

ancient

Chinese

moon

goddess—________（touch）

down

last

week

in

the

South

Pole-Aitken

basin.touched[解析]

根據(jù)時間狀語last

week可知,設(shè)空處動作發(fā)生在過去,要用一般過去時。5.

When

he

asked

the

villagers

on

the

banks

of

the

river

where

he

could

find

the

legendary

（傳奇的）

artist,

they

smiled

and

________（point）

down

the

river.pointed[解析]

and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞,空處的動詞形式應(yīng)與smiled一致,故填pointed。6.

By

about

6000

BC,

people

________________________________________________________________________（discover）

the

best

crops

to

grow

and

animals

to

raise.had

discovered

根據(jù)時間狀語By

about

6000

BC可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用過去完成時。7.

I

don’t

see

any

reason

to

give

up

work.

I

love

coming

here

and

seeing

my

family

and

all

the

friends

I

___________________________________________________________________________（make）

over

the

years.have

made

根據(jù)后面的時間狀語over

the

years可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填have

made。8.

Father

________（leave）

for

London

on

business

upon

my

arrival,

so

I

didn’t

see

him.had

left[解析]

根據(jù)語境可知,設(shè)空處動作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在didn’t

see之前,表示“過去的過去”,應(yīng)該用過去完成時。故填had

left。9.

The

Chinese

Ministry

of

Agriculture

finds

that

between

2005—when

the

government

_______（start）

a

soil-testing

program

that

gives

specific

fertilizer

recommendations

to

farmers—and

2011，

fertilizer

use

dropped

by

7.7

million

tons.started[解析]

句意:中國農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)現(xiàn)在2005年和2011年之間,化肥的使用減少了770萬噸。2005年政府啟動了土壤檢測項目,它給了農(nóng)民具體的化肥使用建議。關(guān)系副詞when相當(dāng)于in

2005,由此可知此處使用一般過去時。10.

A

representative

who

_________（see）

his

performance

before

thought

he

could

replace

another

star

who

intended

to

leave.had

seen[解析]

設(shè)空處在定語從句中作謂語,根據(jù)主句謂語動詞thought以及第一個定語從句中的時間狀語before可知，設(shè)空處動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,故設(shè)空處所在從句用過去完成時?？键c二

謂語動詞的語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有g(shù)et/become＋過去分詞。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下表（以動詞give為例）：現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般式am

givenis

givenare

givenwas

given

were

givenshall

be

given

will

be

givenwould

be

given進行式am

being

given

is

being

given

are

being

givenwas

being

given

were

beinggiven無無完成式has

beengivenhave

beengivenhad

beengivenshall

havebeen

givenwill

havebeen

givenwould

have

been

given2.被動語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者;（2）需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者。To

our

relief,

a

great

many

measures

have

been

taken

to

protect

the

ocean

from

being

polluted.

令我們欣慰的是，（人們）已經(jīng)采取了許多措施保護海洋不被污染。二、主動形式表示被動意義1.“系動詞feel,

sound,

taste,

look,

smell,

appear,

seem,

turn,

stay,

become,

get,

grow,

keep等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，常用主動形式表示被動意義。This

kind

of

wool

shirt

feels

soft.這種羊毛衫摸起來很軟。2.當(dāng)sell,

read,

cut,

wash,

write,

open,

wear（磨損）,

run（運轉(zhuǎn)）,

burn等不及物動詞后有狀語（well/easily等）修飾，用來表示主語的屬性、特征或功能時，常用主動形式表示被動含義。Have

you

bought

the

book

that

sells

well

these

days?你買了目前銷售得很好的那本書了嗎？3.need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞的后面常用動名詞形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The

house

needs

repairing/to

be

repaired.這棟房子需要修理。4.在“主語（人/物）＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible,

pleasant,

interesting等。The

problem

is

difficult

to

work

out.這道題很難算出來。5.be

to

blame是用主動形式表示被動意義。Who

is

to

blame

for

the

mistake?

誰應(yīng)為此錯誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任呢？易錯提示（1）有些及物動詞（短語）不能用于被動語態(tài),如have有;cost花費;lack缺少;belong

to屬于;datefrom/back

to追溯到;take

part

in參加等。（2）不及物動詞（短語）不能用于被動語態(tài),如happen/take

place/occur發(fā)生;remain剩下;last持續(xù);break

out爆發(fā);come

out出版;run

out用完等?？键c特訓(xùn)1.

）In

one

video,

two

young

elephants

are

being

helped

out

of

a

ditch

（溝渠）

by

older

members

of

the

group

and

in

another,

a

baby

elephant

_______________（milk）

by

its

mother.is

being

milked[解析]

and連接兩個并列分句，設(shè)空處在后一分句中作謂語，根據(jù)前一分句中的are

being

helped可知，設(shè)空處所在分句也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時，a

baby

elephant與milk之間是被動關(guān)系，故填is

being

milked。2.

So

next

time

you

find

yourself

standing

casually

with

your

thumb

hooked

in

that

small

pocket,

know

that

it

originally

__________（use）

to

store

a

pocket

watch.was

used[解析]

主語it和use之間為被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)originally可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，故填was

used。3.

Also,

Grain

Rain

____________（celebrate）

by

fishing

villages

in

the

coastal

areas

of

northern

China.is

celebrated[解析]

句子描述客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；celebrate與主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且主語Grain

Rain是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is

celebrated。4.

The

hero’s

story

____________（report）

differently

in

the

newspapers

and

we

didn’t

really

know

the

truth.was

reported[解析]

根據(jù)didn’t

really

know可知，此處要用一般過去時。主語The

hero’s

story與report之間是被動關(guān)系，故填was

reported。5.

More

than

a

dozen

students

in

that

school

__________（send）

to

study

medicine

last

year.were

sent[解析]

根據(jù)時間狀語last

year可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語More

than

a

dozen

students與send之間是被動關(guān)系，故填were

sent。6.

Do

you

have

any

problems

if

you

___________（offer）

this

job?are

offered[解析]

主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以if引導(dǎo)的從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。且you與offer之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are

offered。7.

In

the

near

future,

more

advances

in

the

robot

technology

_____________（make）

by

scientists.will

be

made[解析]

根據(jù)時間狀語In

the

near

future可知，本句要用一般將來時。advances與make之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填will

be

made?？键c三

主謂一致一、語法一致1.不定式、動名詞和從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句意義上表示復(fù)數(shù)，或what從句中有兩個（以上的）動詞，是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Swimming

in

rivers

in

summer

is

a

good

sport,

but

to

swim

in

rivers

in

winter

needs

great

willpower.夏天在河里游泳是一項很好的運動，但冬天在河里游泳需要極大的意志力。What

she

has

said

leaves

much

for

us

to

think

about.她說的話發(fā)人深省。What

we

badly

need

are

doctors.我們急需的是醫(yī)生。What

I

say

and

think

are

none

of

your

business.我說什么、想什么與你無關(guān)。2.如果主語后面有as

well

as，with，along

with，together

with，rather

than，but，except，including,

in

addition

to,

in

common

with等詞加其他名詞，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。Modern

teaching

equipment

as

well

as

hundreds

of

computers

was

sent

to

the

village

school

last

week.上周現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)設(shè)備和幾百臺電腦被送到了那所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校。二、意義一致1.表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，通常被看作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Two

thousand

dollars

is

quite

a

lot

of

money

for

a

girl.對一個女孩來說，2，000美元是好多錢。2.“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/a

lot

of/plenty

of/the

rest

of/the

majority

of/half

of/most

of/some

of...+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由短語中的名詞來確定。The

factory

used

three

fifths

of

the

raw

materials,

the

rest

of

which

were

saved

for

other

purposes.工廠用了這種原材料的五分之三，剩余部分節(jié)省出來作為他用。易錯提示“a

quantity/quantities+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。3.“a

number

of＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“許多”；“the

number

of＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，意為“……的數(shù)量”。The

number

of

people

invited

was

fifty，

but

a

number

of

them

were

absent

for

different

reasons.受到邀請的總共有50人，但其中有許多人因為各種原因缺席了。4.people,

police等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。family,

team,

class,

audience等作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若指組成集體的成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The

family

as

well

as

their

dog

were

trapped

on

the

roof

by

the

flood

yesterday.昨天那家人還有他們的狗都被洪水困在屋頂。5.“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The

young,

on

the

one

hand,

often

think

of

the

old

conservative.

On

the

other

hand，the

old

always

consider

the

young

inexperienced.一方面，年輕人常認為老年人保守；另一方面，老年人總是認為年輕人缺乏經(jīng)驗。三、鄰近一致1.由or，

either...or...,

neither...nor...,

not

only...

but

also...,

not...but...等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式常和離它最近的主語保持一致。Not

only

Peter

but

also

his

two

sisters

take

great

interest

in

the

piano

lessons.不僅是彼得就連他的兩個姐姐也對鋼琴課有極大的興趣。2.there

be

句型中，兩個或多個并列名詞作主語時，be的形式與其最鄰近的名詞保持一致。There

is

a

computer

and

three

chairs

in

my

new

office.在我的新辦公室里有一臺電腦和三把椅子?？键c特訓(xùn)1.

When

the

bread

or

cake

__________（finish）

and

shared

with

family

or

friends,

“You

feel

like

you’ve

done

something

meaningful

for

the

world

and

increased

the

connection

with

other

people

as

well.”is

finished[解析]

此處指客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；the

bread

or

cake和finish之間為被動關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，從句的主語由or連接，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)和cake保持一致，故填is

finished。2.

So

far,

a

number

of

new

technologies

_________________（apply）

to

the

core

cabin（核心艙）.have

been

applied[解析]

根據(jù)So

far可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時，technologies與apply之間為被動關(guān)系，故填have

been

applied。3.

Of

the

nineteen

recognized

polar

bear

subpopulations,

three

are

declining,

six

____（be）

stable,

one

is

increasing,

and

nine

lack

enough

data.are[解析]

根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后與本空并列的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，本空需用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語是six，故填are。4.

Amy,

as

well

as

her

brothers,

__________（give）

a

warm

welcome

when

returning

to

the

village

last

week.was

given[解析]

根據(jù)last

week可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，

主語后有as

well

as

her

brothers，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)和前面的主語保持一致。Amy與give之間為被動關(guān)