人教高中英語(yǔ)選修7-Unit ~課時(shí)練習(xí)及解析

PAGEPAGE1人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修七Unit1~2課時(shí)練習(xí)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Doyouthinkcampingandclimbingisofmuch________toourhealth?A．benefit B．beneficialC．benefits D．benefiting解析：benefit可作名詞和動(dòng)詞，beneficial是形容詞，bebeneficialto相當(dāng)于beof(much)benefit，意為“對(duì)……有好處”。答案：A2．Oneofthebestmeasurestodecreasetherateofaccidentsistoeducatepeopleto________thetrafficrules.A．desire B．obeyC．rid D．conduct解析：句意：將發(fā)生交通事故的幾率降低的最有效的措施之一就是教育人們遵守交通規(guī)則。obey在此意為“遵守(法律、規(guī)則等)”。desire“希望得到，想要”。rid“擺脫，去除”；conduct“指揮，管理，主持?！贝鸢福築3．Weranallthewaytothecinema，arrivingtherequiteoutof________.A．mind B．breathC．sight D．reach解析：句意：我們一路跑到電影院，到達(dá)那里時(shí)已經(jīng)上氣不接下氣(outofbreath)了。outofmind“心不在焉”；outofsight“看不見(jiàn)”；outofreach“夠不到”。答案：B4．Theteacherallowedus5minutesto________thetextthroughtogetageneralideaofthewholepassage.A．discuss B．a(chǎn)daptC．pile D．scan解析：句意：老師給了我們5分鐘時(shí)間來(lái)瀏覽全文，掌握其大意。discuss“討論”；adapt“修改，改編”；pile“羅列，堆積”；scan“瀏覽”。根據(jù)句意D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D5．Distancelearningisbeing________inseveralcountriestohelpchildreninremoteruralschoolsobtainbettereducation.A．a(chǎn)ttended B．a(chǎn)doptedC．a(chǎn)dapted D．a(chǎn)dmitted解析：根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。句意：在有些國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)正在被采用以幫助偏遠(yuǎn)鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校的孩子們獲得更好的教育。答案：B6．Theboywasreportedto________sincetheearthquakehitthearea.A．havebeenlost B．havegotlostC．belost D．getlost解析：句意：有消息報(bào)道這個(gè)男孩自地震發(fā)生后就失蹤了。因?yàn)橛衧ince...，故需用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式，而getlost表示短暫的動(dòng)作，不能與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A7．Nomatterwhatdifficultyyouwill________，carryoutyourplan.A．meetwith B．getacrossC．a(chǎn)greewith D．setaside解析：句意：不管你遇到什么困難，都要執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。meetwith意為“遇到，經(jīng)歷”。getacross“被理解”；agreewith“同意”；setaside“將……放在一邊，留出”。答案：A8．Thestudentsdohopeto________bytheteacher'scommentsontheircompositions.A．profit B．judgeC．stand D．drop解析：句意：學(xué)生們真心希望能從老師對(duì)他們的作文的評(píng)語(yǔ)中受益。profitby意為“從……中得益，從……中得到好處”。judgeby“根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷，從……來(lái)看”；standby“站在一邊，支持”。答案：A9．—You'vekeptmerunningoffmyfeet.I'mtoobusy!—You'renotpaid________doingnothing.A．sittingaround B．sataroundC．tohavesataround D．tositaround解析：句意：——你讓我馬不停蹄。我太忙了！——花錢(qián)雇你來(lái)可不是讓你光坐著不干活的！tositaround是動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，意為“閑坐著”。答案：D10．Itakethisseriously.It'sa(n)________ofprinciple.A．a(chǎn)ffair B．matterC．event D．business解析：句意：我對(duì)此很認(rèn)真。這是原則問(wèn)題。amatterof...意為“關(guān)于……的問(wèn)題”。affair“事情，公共或政治事務(wù)”；event“重大事件，(比賽)項(xiàng)目”；business“商業(yè)事務(wù)，分內(nèi)事，公務(wù)”。答案：B11．—Herecomesthebus，andIhavetogonow.—Goodbye，and________！A．nohurry B．a(chǎn)llthebestC．takeyourtime D．noway解析：allthebest常用于告別或祝酒等場(chǎng)合，意為“(祝你)一切順利”。答案：B12．________，allthestudentspassedtheentranceexamination.A．Muchtotheteacher'ssatisfactionB．Totheteacher'smuchsatisfactionC．Muchtotheteacher'ssatisfactoryD．Totheteacher'sgreatsatisfactory解析：toone'ssatisfaction“使某人滿意的是”。to為介詞，而satisfactory為形容詞，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。muchtoone'ssatisfaction＝toone'sgreatsatisfaction。答案：A13．HelikedLuXun'sworkssomuchthathe________hisownworkandtranslateditintoEnglish.A．gaveoff B．turneddownC．tookover D．setaside解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的應(yīng)用。giveoff“發(fā)出，放出(光、熱、氣體等)”；turndown“拒絕，調(diào)低(聲音)”；takeover“接管，接任”；setaside“置……于一邊，留作……用，對(duì)某事置之不理”。由句意可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案：D14．Outof________forthehomelesschildren，hegavethemshelterforthenight.A．pity B．shameC．sympathy D．mercy解析：句意：出于對(duì)無(wú)家可歸的孩子們的同情，他給他們提供了住處。outofsympathyfor是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“出于對(duì)……的同情”，符合句意。pity“憐憫，惋惜”；shame“可惜，羞愧”；mercy“仁慈”。A、B、D三項(xiàng)皆不符合句意，故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C15．(2012年安徽聯(lián)考)InpartofChina，somepeoplestillhavedifficultygaining________tosocialservices.A．a(chǎn)pproach B．helpC．a(chǎn)ccess D．benefit解析：句意：在中國(guó)的部分地區(qū)，一些人仍難以得到社會(huì)服務(wù)。gainaccessto表示“得到……的權(quán)利或方法”。答案：CⅡ.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2012年南京市高三模擬)Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.“Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape，”thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species(物種)arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates，andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface，dead.Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong：thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers，seas，rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg，professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark，isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups，andthe“badnews”culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycomingfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg，aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat，althoughtheenvironmentisimproving，greengroups－withprofitsofhundredsofmillionsofpoundsayear－areusingscaretactics(謀略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming-probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat－butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat“deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years”．ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover，butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures，theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady，atabout30percentoftotallandarea，sincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS，theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk(縮小)byabout15percent.Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprovementsaretheresultsofthesuccessoftheircampaigns.StephenTindale，directorofGreenpeaceUK，said，“Thereareimportantexamples，suchasacidrainandozone，wherethingsaren'tasbadaspredicted，andthat'sbecausebehaviorhaschanged.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】“環(huán)境一直在變壞，我們的星球末日將要來(lái)臨”，這是環(huán)保主義者們發(fā)出的警告，然而Lomborg的新書(shū)卻提出了完全相反的觀點(diǎn)，他批駁了環(huán)保主義者們聳人聽(tīng)聞的言論。16．Inhisbook，TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist，whatisLomborg'smainargument?A．Ourplanetisinbadshape.B．Theworld'senvironmentisimproving.C．Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.D．Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段與第三段可知Lomborg在TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的觀點(diǎn)(argument)是環(huán)境狀況正在改善，因此選項(xiàng)B正確，C項(xiàng)只是他觀點(diǎn)的一部分，不全面，故排除。答案：B17．WhatisLomborg'smainaccusationofenvironmentalists?A．Theyscaredpeopleintomakingdonations.B．Theyoverturnedourbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.C．Theychangedtheirbehaviortowardtheenvironment.D．Theyonlytoldpeoplebadnewsabouttheenvironment.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段中的第二句話可知Lomborg指責(zé)環(huán)保主義者們利用恐嚇手段讓人們捐款。答案：A18．Theunderlinedword“depleting”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．reducing B．limitingC．expanding D．a(chǎn)ccelerating解析：考查猜測(cè)詞義。第五段Lomborg通過(guò)一些數(shù)據(jù)反駁了TheWorldwatchInstitute的觀點(diǎn)“deforestationhasbeenaccelerationoverthelast30years”，Lomborg認(rèn)為在最近幾十年里，森林面積的縮小已經(jīng)停止，因此選擇reducing。答案：A19．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thetotalareaofforestsintheworldhasincreasedsignificantly.B．Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarenotasbadasfirstexpected.C．Itappearsthatthebaldeaglewillsurvive.D．Inthelast50yearsthenumberofwhaleshasincreased.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist”可知禿鷹已經(jīng)不屬于瀕危的物種了，由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案：CBWemayallhavehadtheembarrassingmoment：Gettinghalfwaythroughastoryonlytorealizethatwe'vetoldthisexacttalebefore，tothepersonwe'reboringwithitnow.Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes?AccordingtoaresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScience，itmayhavetodowiththewayourbrainsprocessdifferenttypesofmemory.ResearchersNigelGopie，oftheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto，andColinMacleod，oftheUniversityofWaterloo，dividedmemoryintotwokinds.Thefirstwassourcememory，ortheabilitytokeeptrackofwhereinformationiscomingfrom.Thesecondwasdestinationmemory，ortheabilitytorecallwhowehavegiveninformationto.Theyfoundthatsourcememoryfunctionsbetterthandestinationmemory，inpartbecauseofthedirectioninwhichthatinformationistravelling.Tostudythedifferencesbetweensourceanddestinationmemory，theresearchersdidanexperimenton60universitystudents，accordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport.Thestudentswereaskedtoassociate50random(隨意的)factswiththefacesof50famouspeople.Halfofthestudents“told”eachfacttooneofthefaces，readingitaloudwhenthecelebrity'spictureappearedonacomputerscreen.Theotherhalfreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictureafterward.Whenlateraskedtorecallwhichfactswentwithwhichfaces，thestudentswhoweregivinginformationout(destinationmemory)scoredabout16percentloweronmemoryperformancecomparedwiththestudentsreceivinginformation(sourcememory)．Theresearchersconcludedthatout-goinginformationwaslessassociatedwithitsenvironmentalcontext(背景)－thatis，theperson－thanwasincominginformation.Thismakessensegivenwhatisknownaboutattention.Apersonwhoisgivinginformation，evenlittlefacts，willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Becauseourattentionisfinite(有限的)，wegivelessattentiontothepersonwearegivinginformationto.Afterasecondexperimentwithanothergroupof40students，theresearchersconcludedthatself-focusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.Theyaskedhalfthestudentstocontinuegivingoutrandominformation，whiletheothertoldthingsaboutthemselves.Thistimearound，thosewhoweretalkingaboutthemselvesdid15percentworsethanthosegivingrandominformation.“Whenyoustarttellingthesepersonalfactscomparedwithnon-selffacts，suddenlydestinationmemorygoesdownmore，suggestingthatitistheself-focuscomponent(成分)that'sreducingthememory，”GopietoldLiveScience.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】很多時(shí)候我們會(huì)面臨這樣的尷尬局面：一個(gè)故事講到半截，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)故事已經(jīng)對(duì)面前聽(tīng)故事的人講過(guò)了。為什么我們會(huì)犯這樣的記憶錯(cuò)誤呢？20．Thepointofthisarticleisto________.A．giveadviceonhowtoimprovememoryB．saywhatcausesthememorytoworsenC．explainwhywerepeatstoriestothesamepersonD．introducedifferentkindsofmemories解析：主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭一段引出要討論的話題：一個(gè)故事講到半截，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)故事已經(jīng)對(duì)面前聽(tīng)故事的人講過(guò)了。為什么我們會(huì)犯這樣的記憶錯(cuò)誤呢？接下來(lái)分析了產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因，答案選C。答案：C21．Thosewhoreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictu