2024屆陜西省漢中市高三下學(xué)期第二次檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（含答案）

漢中市2024屆高三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量第二次檢測(cè)考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在試卷上，否則無(wú)效。本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題共100分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.VisitBill. B.Playtennis. C.Goswimming.2.WhattimeisAlexsupposedtoarrive?A.At8:00. B.At7:30. C.At8:15.3.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyspendtheirvacation?A.InChina. B.InItaly. C.InKorea.4.WhichcolorMP4playerdoesthemanwant?A.Green. B.Brown. C.Blue.5.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganapology. B.Makinganinvitation.C.Offeringhelp.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atthecounter. B.Ontheplane. C.Attheairport.7.WhenwilltheplanegettoParispossibly?A.10:00. B.11:40. C.10:40.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Painttheroomherself.B.MovetotheMissionInnHotel.C.Askhersontostayinanotherhotel.9.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Houseownerandrenter. B.Motherandson.C.Receptionistandcustomer.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thejewelry. B.Arobbery. C.Afact.11.Whichofthefollowingismarked?A.Thecomputer. B.Thejewelry. C.Thefridge.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’shusband?A.Hehasfoundsometraces.B.HeisonthewaybackfromCanada.C.Hehasnoideawhathashappened.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Neighbors. C.Friends.14.Whendidthemanbegintowork?A.In2008. B.In2014. C.In2016.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisbusy. B.Shelivedherefor10years.C.Shemovedhereduetoherjob.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheisbusy. B.Sheisdishonest. C.Sheappearsyounger.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichseasoniscalled“theholidayseason”?A.Spring. B.Winter. C.Summer.18.WhenisChristmasontheEasternChristiancalendar?A.January7. B.January1. C.December25.19.HowdopeoplecelebrateChristmas?A.Byeatingatfastfoodrestaurants.B.Byunitingwiththeirfamilies.C.Bysingingsongsathome.20.WheredopeopleplaceChristmastrees?A.OntheStreet. B.Inthechurch. C.Onpublicsquares第二部分閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWithitsnever-endinglistofmust-seeattractions,Europecanproveirresistibletoeventhemostexperiencedtravelers.HerearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltownsacrossEurope.Giethoorn,NetherlandsTheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonecrucialthingthattheItaliancityhasovertourism.AsinVenice,lifegoesaroundwater.Therearenocarsinthecentersothewaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.Hungry?StopattheMichelin-starredrestaurantHollandsVenetie.Guimar?es,PortugalGuimar?esiscrucialtoPortugal’shistory—itwasnamedthecountry’sfirstcapitalinthe12thcentury.ItsMiddle-Agescoreremainslargelyundamaged,fullofgrandoldpalaces,andabrokencastlestandsontopofacliff.LikeelsewhereinPortugal,localbakeriesmaketastypies.Clovelly,U.K.DonkeysusedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthesteepstreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.Today,theystillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsin.Itperchesona400-footcliff.Instead,goodsaretransportedbydonkey-poweredsledges(雪橇).Kenmare,IrelandOnthesouthwesterntipofIreland,thelandmeltsintotheoceaninCountyKerry.Kenmareisintheheartofthebayofthesamename.ThisisinthemiddleofsomeofIreland’sbest-lovedareas.Kenmareisknownforitsfood,andforitsviews—withgrandmountainsbehindtheclearbay.21.HowcanonetravelinGiethoorn?A.Bycar. B.Bywater. C.Byair. D.Bybus.22.WhyisGuimar?esimportanttoPortugal’shistory?A.Itwasthecountry’sfirstcapital. B.Ithasmanygrandoldpalaces.C.Itstandsontopofacliff. D.Itattractedmanyfamousbakers.23.Inwhichplacecanyouexperiencethelifeofafishingvillage?A.Giethoorn. B.Guimar?es. C.Clovelly. D.Kenmare.BAged15inhighschool,Iwastalkativeandoutgoing,oftenbettingthatnobodyelsewoulddotheirhomework,soIneedn’teither.Ididnotenjoygeometry(幾何),althoughIlikedthephilosophicalapproachofourteacher,MrsTrenholm.Shetoldusthatgeometrywasabouthumankind’sabilitytoworkthingsout.AmonthorsointotheyearwestartedonEuclideangeometry.WewereallstrugglingandIwasprobablythemostvocal(敢于直言的)inclassaboutit.MrsTrenholmsetushomework—toprovetwoanglesinacomplexgeometricshapeareequal.Shepulledmeasideaswewereleavingclassandsaid,“Don’ttalkyourwayoutofthis.”Iwenthome,workedonitfor20minutesandgaveup.LaterIdecidedtotryagain.Myhandwritingwasmessy,andInoticedthatifImadethediagramneaterandbigger,IcouldseewhereIprobablywentwrong.Atabout5am,Igotitandfeltlikemybrainhadbeenrewired!Ihandeditinthenextday.MrsTrenholmwouldneverembarrassstudentsinfrontofeveryone.Soshecametomeandhandedmethepaperwithalittlecheckmarkinthecorner.Shelookedrightatmeandasked,“Didyoudothis?”WhenIsaidyes,shenoddedandwentbacktothefrontoftheclass,declaring,“OneofyounowunderstandsEuclideangeometry.Let’skeepgoingsoeverybodywillgetit.”Fromthenon,IfoundthatifIconcentratedandworkedhard,Icouldunderstandandevenenjoyasubject.Iwentontostudymathsandphysicsatuniversity,tookamaster’sdegreeinappliedscienceandbecameanuclearresearchscientist.Ibecamesomeonewhonolongerallowedmyselfthefreedomtotalkmyselfoutofdealingwithproblems,orgiveupwhenthingsseemedtoodifficult.24.Howcanwedescribetheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasnotskilledatsocializing. B.Healwayshadbetswithothers.C.Hewasabsorbedinphilosophy. D.Hehadtroublestudyinggeometry.25.WhydidMrsTrenholmpulltheauthorasideafterclass?A.Towarnhimnottotalktoomuch. B.Togivehimsometipsonhomework.C.Tomakehimtakehomeworkseriously. D.Toencouragehimtotrymoreapproaches.26.WhatwasMrsTrenholm’sinitialfeelingabouttheauthor’shomework?A.Excited. B.Relieved. C.Disapproving. D.Disbelieving.27.Whatdidtheauthorwanttoexpressthroughthelastparagraph?A.Hewouldgoformorefreedom. B.Themathspuzzlewasalifechanger.C.Thatlessontaughthimtothinktwice. D.Hisuniversitylifewasprettycolorful.CWhenIwasagraduatestudent,mycolleaguesandIwerewonderinghowlosingonenightofsleepaffectsaperson’sabilitytomanagetheiremotions.Onceaweek,typicallyonFridayevening,wewouldstayupallnighttomonitorourparticipantsandensuretheyfollowedtheexperimentalplan.Ataboutnoonthenextday,wewouldallgooutofthelab,wornoutandeagertogethomeandrest.Twomonthsintotheexperiment,Iwasinmycaratatrafficlightwhenasillylovesongstartedplayingontheradio.Suddenly,Icrieduncontrollably.Irememberfeelingsurprisedatmyreaction.ItthenhitmethatIwasnotjuststudyingsleepdeprivation(睡眠剝奪)—Ihadbecomepartofthestudy.Weeksofmissedsleephadcausedharm,andIwasnolongerincontrolofmyemotions.Thatresearchprojectprovedastrongconnectionbetweengoodsleepandemotionalhealth.Inhealthyindividuals,good-qualitysleepislinkedwithamorepositivemood--andittakesjustonenightofsleepdeprivationtocauseanxietyanddepressionthefollowingmorning.Moreover,peoplewhosufferfromlong-termsleepdeprivationtendtoexperiencedailyeventsmorenegatively.Fordecadesresearchersandmedicalprofessorshaveconsideredsleeplossaby-productorsymptomofdepressionoranxiety.Inotherwords,firstcomestheanxiety,andthensleeploss.Todayweknowthatthisordercanbereversed.Muchevidenceshowsthatpeoplewhosufferfrominsomnia(失眠癥)areatleasttwiceaslikelytodevelopdepressionoranxietylaterinlife,comparedwithindividualswhosleepwell.Steppingback,wecanfindthatmentalandemotionalhealthrelyonadelicatebalance.Asinglesleeplessnightcanthereforedodamage.Thescienceofsleepandmentalhealthsuggeststhatfallingtoaddresstheproblemsthatpreventpeoplefromgettingenoughrestwillleavepeopleeasilyhurtinmind.28.Whatistheauthor’sresearchmainlyabout?A.Thelinkbetweensleepandemotions. B.Thedamageofsleepdeprivation.C.Waystoimprovementalhealth. D.Factorsthataffectemotions.29.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Byreferringtopreviousresearch. B.Bymakingresearchersthesubjects.C.Bydoingexperimentsonparticipants. D.Byincludingmusicintheprocess.30.Whydidtheauthorburstintotears?A.Thelovesongwassotouching. B.Shewasseverelylackinginsleep.C.Shemissedherfamilytoomuch. D.Theresearchwastoostressful.31.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“reversed”inparagraph5?A.Switched. B.Disclosed. C.Identified. D.ArrangeDYoumightthinkacomputerwouldbeafairjudge,butanewstudyfromMITfindsitmightbebetterforyoutoleaveyourselfinthehandsofhumans.AIwon’tletpeopleoffeasilywhentheybreaktherule!ThisstudyexaminedhowAIwouldinterpretperceivedviolations(違反)ofagivencode.TheydiscoveredthemosteffectivedataforAItrainingisnormative(規(guī)范的)data,wherehumansdeterminewhetherarulehasbeenviolated.However,datausedtotrainmachine-learningmodelsaretypicallylabeleddescriptively—meaningpeoplelabelthefactualfeaturesofasituation,andAIdetermineswhetheracodehasbeenbroken.Theteamgatheredimagesofdogsthatcouldpotentiallyviolateanapartmentrulebanningaggressiveanimals.Labelerswerethenaskedtoprovidenormativeanddescriptiveresponses.Thedescriptiveteamwasn’tinformedaboutthepolicyondogs,andwasaskedtoidentifywhetherelements,suchasthedog’saggression,werepresent.Theirresponseshelpedtoformjudgments.Ifausersaidthephotodescribedanaggressivedog,thepolicywasconsideredtobeviolated.Ontheotherhand,thenormativegroupinformedabouttheruleandwasaskedtodeterminewhethereachimageviolatedtherule.Participantswere20percentmorelikelytoidentifyaviolationusingthedescriptivemethod.IfthedescriptivedataondogbehaviorhadbeenusedtoprogramanAImodel,itwouldbemorelikelytoissueseverepunishment.Theseinaccuraciescouldbeareal-worldconcern.Theresearchersadvocateforincreaseddatatransparency(透明性)tounderstandhowdataiscollected.Andtheirfutureworkistoinvestigatetheimpactofhavingexperts,suchaslawyersanddoctors,participateindataentrytoseeifitwillleadtothesameresult.“”Generally,normativedecisionstendtobemorelenient(寬容的),”saysleadauthorAparnaBalagopalan.“Perhapsthewaypeoplethinkaboutviolationsdiffersfromhowtheythinkaboutdescriptivedata.”32.Whatcanwelearnaboutdescriptivedata?A.Theyconsistofcausesofasituation. B.Theyleadtomoreaccuratejudgment.C.They’reusuallyusedtotrainAI. D.They’regatheredtoidentifyruleviolation.33.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinparagraph4?A.Tohighlightaproblem. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Topresentafact. D.Toopposeanopinion.34.Whatdotheresearchersplantodo?A.Usemorenormativedata. B.Conductstudieswithprofessionallabelers.C.Findnewwaystogatherdata. D.Seekadviceondataentryfromexperts.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AI:ruledefenderorbreaker? B.Dataset:decisivepartofAIC.Betterdata:descriptiveornormative? D.AIjudge:stricterthanhumans第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverreceivedaninvitationthatyoucouldn’taccept?Doyoustrugglewithhowtodeclinewithouthurtingsomeone’sfeelingsorcausingconflict?Doesitbotheryoutoturnsomeonedown?Iftheanswerisyestoanyofthesequestions,you’renotalone.Infact,thishappenstomostpeopleatsometimeintheirlives.36.Herearesometipsonhowtoturndownaninvitationinthemostpoliteway.Don’twaitanddon’tignoretheinvitation.Assoonasyouknowyouwillbeunabletogo,letthepersonknow.Mosteventsrequireplanningandbudgeting.37.Sheneedstoknowwhetherornotyou’llbethere.Ignoringtheinvitationshowsthatyoudon’tknowproperetiquette(禮節(jié)),andyoumightbeleftofftheguestlistforhernextparty.38Alwayssincerelythankthepersonforinvitingyouandletherknowthatyou’rehonoredthatshe’dthinkhighlyenoughofyoutosendtheinvitation.Don’ttellliesanddon’tover-explain.Youdon’teverhavetocomeupwithfalseexcusesforwhyyou’reunabletogototheevent,butyoualsodon’thavetogointodetail.39Thatshouldbeenough.Andrememberthatwhenyougivereasons,keepyourexplanationshortandtothepoint.Doingotherwisewillmakeitsoundlikeyou’rejusttryingtomakeupexcuses.AskforadifferenttimeIftheinvitationisexclusive(獨(dú)有的)toyou,letthepersonknowyou’reunabletomakeitatthetimesherequested,40A.Expressappreciationfortheinvitation.B.Thekeyistoletthepersonknowwhetherornotyoucanaccepttheinvitationassoonaspossibleandinapolitemanner.C.andyoufeelreallysorryaboutthat.D.butyou’dlovetogettogetherwithheratanothertime.E.Puttingtheinvitationasidetodealwithlaterisn’tgoodforyouorthepersonwhosentit.F.Itisimpolitetorefuseaninvitationfromothers.G.Letherknowthatyoualreadyhaveplans.第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PeoplealwaystellmeIwasbravetoapplytomedicalschoolinmy30s.Butforme,thebravestthingwasto41frombeingadoctor10yearslater.I’dalwayswantedtostudy42tohelpreleasetheworldfromsufferings,butbelievingIwasnotbrightenough,Ileftschoolat15anddidn’treturntoeducation43my30s.44thefactthatthecommute(通勤)wastoughandthemoneywas45,Ikeptgoingthistime.Idreamedofbecomingadoctorwhomadea(n)46.Ispentfiveyearsatmedicalschoollearning47tofixthings,butaftergraduation,whenIworkedinahospital,IsoondiscoveredthereweremanythingsinlifeIwasunableto48.Itwasn’ttheworkloadIstruggledwith,though.WhatIfoundreally49wastheemotionalload.Asadoctor,IknewIwould50upsettingthings.IknewIwouldwatchpeopledieandIknewIwouldseethemostawfulthings.However,beingalwayspresentatallthesemomentsbecamea51forme.IknewIneededasolution52it,andIfinally53writing.Writingallowedmeanescape,adoorintoanotherworld,anditalsohelpedto54myanxieties.Writing,somethingIhadstartedasaformoftreatment,nowgavemesuccess,anexitcard,andachanceofself-protection.55,IwaswonderingwhetherIwasadoctororawriter.Havingthoughtthickandthin,I56myjobandtookthewriting.ItwasnotadecisionImade57.IknewifIdidn’tput58first,Iwouldeventuallydisappear.Istillworkonthewards(病房)now,butasa(an)59.Therearetimeswhenyouneedtofocusonyourself.Ifyouhavewalkedsofardownaroughroad,youmayfindit60toheadbackbecausewalkingawayisoftenthesafestrouteofall.41.A.hide B.suffer C.leave D.lean42.A.education B.medicine C.history D.maths43.A.until B.before C.after D.since44.A.For B.With C.Given D.Despite45.A.sufficient B.tight C.worthless D.missing46.A.wish B.decision C.difference D.application47.A.what B.who C.which D.how48.A.handle B.recognize C.choose D.decide49.A.amazing B.impossible C.essential D.significant50.A.cause B.abandon C.witness D.fix51.A.gift B.practice C.burden D.luck52.A.by B.to C.with D.for53.A.turnedto B.gaveup C.runfor D.figuredout54.A.findout B.wipeout C.handout D.pickout55.A.Recently B.Originally C.Apparently D.Gradually56.A.quitted B.regained C.continued D.led57.A.seriously B.sadly C.aimlessly D.lightly58.A.myself B.himself C.itself D.herself59.A.expert B.leader C.volunteer D.doctor60.A.easy B.fortunate C.hard D.wise第II卷(非選擇題共50分)第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Technologyisn’ttheonlyway61(forecast)theweather.Naturehas62(it)ways,too.Unusualanimalbehavior,forexample,canindicatewhetherit’scold,wetweatherthat’sontheway63ahot,dryperiod.Iffisharejumping64(high)thanusualorfrogsarecroakingmoreloudly,itmayrain.Andnexttimeyoulookup65thesky,don’tjustlookforrainclouds,butalsoforbirds.Iftheyareflyinglow,grabyourumbrella.Itisalsosaidthat66(mouse)andsnakesheadforsafergroundseveraldaysbefore67earthquake,whiledogs68(avoid)thebeachmaybeasignthatatsunami69(approach).Ofcourse,althoughthesethingsmaysuggestsomethingbadisgoingtohappen,theywon’ttelluswhenandwhere.So,foraccurateand70(rely)predictions,it’sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均限一詞。2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。DearTom,It’sgreattohearfromyou.Thankstoyourbirthdaycard!YouaskedifIhavebeenthinkingalotaboutthefuturenowthatI’m17.Theanswerisyes!Thingschangesoquickly,don’tyou?Imean,injustayear’stime,Iwillcanbeanadult.Andthistimeintwomonths,IwillbetakingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.Hopeful,Iwillpassit!Then,inacoupleofmonths,Iwillbestudyatauniversity.Iwantchooselaw.Aftergraduate,Iwilllookforajobrelatetolaw.Inthelongterm,Ihopethat20yearsfromtoday,Iwillbeworkingasthejudge.Let’sseehowthingsgo.Whatareyouhopingtodointhefuture?Tellmeyourplans.Bestwishforyou!Diana第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Mark從新聞上看到中藥抗疫有奇效，向你咨詢有關(guān)中醫(yī)藥的情況。請(qǐng)你回一封郵件給予介紹。要點(diǎn)如下：1.歷史悠久；2.效果顯著；3.獲得國(guó)際認(rèn)可。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：新冠COVID-19疫情epidemic世界衛(wèi)生組織WHODearMark,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________