適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高考題型組合練Unit3Fasterhigherstronger課件外研版選擇性必修第一冊

Unit3

Faster,higher,strongerⅠ.閱讀理解ⅠⅡⅢⅣARecently,abigchangequietlytookplaceinagriculture.Yetneitherdroughtnorfrostiseveraconcernforgrowersofplantscurrentlygrowninsidelargegreenhouses.Vegetablesareincreasinglybeinggrownindoors,usinganadvancedformofgrowingcalledcontrolledenvironmentagriculture,amethodthathasthepotentialtohelpfeedtheplanet,evenwhileitthreatenstofurtherwarmit.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣControlledenvironmentagriculturehasmanyadvantages.Cropsarenotsubjecttounexpectedextremeweather.Furthermore,thesegreenhousescanproducemorefoodwithfewerpesticidesandlesswater.Withcomputer-controlledtemperaturesandnutrients,theplantsgrowwithlesswaterandproducemuchhigheryields.Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distancetransport.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThecarbonfootprintofanygivengreenhousetomatocanvaryquiteabitdependingonenergysources,surroundingtemperaturesandnaturallight.Butvariousstudieshaveestimatedthat,onaverage,theproductionofapoundoftomatoesinanAmericanorNorthernEuropeangreenhousereleases3to3.5poundsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Thatisabout6timesthecarbonfootprintofafieldtomato,eventakingintoaccounttheemissionsfromrefrigeratedtrucksthatoftentransportfieldvegetableshundredsoreventhousandsofmilestoreachconsumers.Greenhouses,bycontrast,canbebuiltnearmajorpopulationcenters.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型的農(nóng)業(yè)種植方式——控制環(huán)境農(nóng)業(yè)方式,該方法有可能幫助養(yǎng)活地球上的人們,盡管它可能會進一步使地球變暖。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“abigchange”inparagraph1referto?A.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.B.Thethreatensofwarmingtheplanet.C.Thewaytodealwithnaturaldisasters.D.Thetendencytogrowvegetablesindoors.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

D

解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞組下文“Yet

neither

drought

nor

frost

is

ever

a

concern

for

growers

of

plants

currently

grown

inside

large

greenhouses.Vegetables

are

increasingly

being

grown

indoors,using

an

advanced

form

of

growing

called

controlled

environment

agriculture,a

method

that

has

the

potential

to

help

feed

the

planet,even

while

it

threatens

to

further

warm

it.”可知,作者所謂的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生了重大變化,指的是越來越多的人在室內(nèi)種植蔬菜。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatdoescontrolledenvironmentagriculturemainlyfocuson?A.Makingcropstastegood.B.Plantingcropswithlesswater.C.Growingcropsinextremeweather.D.Transportingcropsfromalongdistance.答案

A

解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Above

all,the

produce

can

be

bred

for

flavor,instead

of

for

tolerance

to

heat,rain

and

long-distance

transport.”可知,這種種植方式的重點是為了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的風(fēng)味,也就是為了讓這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品嘗起來更好。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericangreenhousetomatoes?A.Theyarenothigh-yieldingcrops.B.Theyarenotreallyenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Theyaregrownfarfrompopulationcenters.D.TheyaremainlyexportedtoNorthernEurope.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“But

various

studies

have

estimated

that,on

average,the

production

of

a

pound

of

tomatoes

in

an

American

or

Northern

European

greenhouse

releases

3

to

3.5

pounds

of

carbon

into

the

atmosphere.That

is

about

6

times

the

carbon

footprint

of

a

field

tomato,even

taking

into

account

the

emissions

from

refrigerated

trucks

that

often

transport

field

vegetables

hundreds

or

even

thousands

of

miles

to

reach

consumers.”可知,在美國溫室培育西紅柿所排放的碳要遠比在田間培育西紅柿多得多,也就是說它們根本不環(huán)保。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheadvocatesagreewith?A.Greenhouseplantingisanecessarytemporizingmeasure.B.Greenhouseplantingistailoredforsmall-populationnations.C.Greenhouseplantingcanhelpspreadtheideaofhealthyeating.D.Greenhouseplantingshouldbestoppedfromwarmingtheworld.答案

A

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,支持這種種植方式的人認為,即便這種種植方式會排放溫室氣體,但是為了地球上的人們,這種種植方式是必要的權(quán)宜之計。故選A項。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBCivilizationbeganwithagriculture,andthoughhumanityhaschangedsignificantly,agricultureremainsveryimportant.Incertaincountries,itssignificanceismoreapparent,buttherealityisthateverycountryintheworlddependsonagricultureforonethingoranother.Itprovidesemployment.Whetherit’sworkingasafarmer,aharvester,atechnicianforfarmequipmentorascientist,thereareplentyofjobsavailableinthisfield.Indevelopingcountries,agriculturaljobshelpreducehighratesofunemployment.ⅠⅡⅢⅣIt’scrucialtoacountry’sdevelopment.Economicdevelopmentistiedtoacountry’sagriculturalsector.Whentrade,nationalavenue,andemploymentarecombinedinapositiveway,acountryenjoysreducedpovertyandboostedeconomicgrowth.Becausestrongagricultureresultsinbenefitsfairlyquickly,focusingonitisoneofthebestwaystospeedupdevelopmentandimproveacountry’sstandingacrosstheglobe.Itdrivesinnovationintechnology.Becausehealthyagricultureissoessentialtoacountry’swell-being,it’sbeenthesettingofsomeofthemostexcitinginnovationsintechnology.Throughartificialintelligence,blockchainsoftware,andmore,scientistsandfarmershavebeenfiguringoutwaystoⅠⅡⅢⅣincreasecropproductivity,uselesswater,andreducenegativeimpactsontheenvironment.Forscientistsandtechcompanies,agribusinessisoneofthemostfascinatingandproductivefieldstoworkin.It’sthesourceofourfoodsupply.Arguably,themostimportantaspectofagricultureisthatit’sthesourceoftheworld’sfoodsupply.Nomatterwhereorwhatyouareeating,theingredientsinyourmealscomefromsomewhere.Allroadsleadtoagriculture.Incountriesdealingwithfoodinsecurityandseveremalnutrition,theiragriculturalsectorsaresuffering.Whenagriculturethrives(蓬勃發(fā)展),fewerpeoplegohungry.ⅠⅡⅢⅣItcanhelphealtheenvironment.Agriculturepossessesthepowertocauseharmorheal.Whenfarmersprioritizebiodiversityontheirland,itbenefitstheearth.Havingmorebiodiversityresultsinhealthiersoil,betterwaterconservation,andhealthierpollinators(傳粉者).Allinall,agricultureplaysacriticalroleintheentirelifeofagiveneconomy.Agriculturecultureisthebackboneoftheeconomicsystemofagivencountry.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。農(nóng)業(yè)在一個特定經(jīng)濟體的整個生命周期中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,是一個國家經(jīng)濟體系的支柱。文章主要介紹了農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whatisthetopicofthearticle?A.Civilization. B.Agriculture.C.Economy. D.Environment.答案

B

解析

主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章第一段“Civilization

began

with

agriculture,and

though

humanity

has

changed

significantly,agriculture

remains

very

important.In

certain

countries,its

significance

is

more

apparent,but

the

reality

is

that

every

country

in

the

world

depends

on

agriculture

for

one

thing

or

another.”指出農(nóng)業(yè)是很重要的,接著第二、三、四、五、六段從不同的方面具體介紹了農(nóng)業(yè)的作用;最后一段對文章進行總結(jié),指出農(nóng)業(yè)的重要地位,由此可知,文章的主題是農(nóng)業(yè),故選B項。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatisexpectedtobeachievedbyusingtechnologyinagriculture?A.Sustainabledevelopment.B.Soundeconomicsystems.C.Lowunemploymentrates.D.Worldwidefoodsecurity.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

A

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Through

artificial

intelligence,blockchain

software,and

more,scientists

and

farmers

have

been

figuring

out

ways

to

increase

crop

productivity,use

less

water,and

reduce

negative

impacts

on

the

environment.”可知,在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用技術(shù)能提高作物產(chǎn)量,減少用水量,并減少對環(huán)境的負面影響,由此可推知,將技術(shù)應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)中有望實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheword“Arguably”inparagraph5?A.Heiscriticalaboutsuchabelief.B.Heisdoubtfulabouttheimportance.C.Heiscertainabouthisstatement.D.Heisconcernedaboutfoodinsecurity.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

C

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中畫線單詞所在句子“Arguably,the

most

important

aspect

of

agriculture

is

that

it’s

the

source

of

the

world’s

food

supply.No

matter

where

or

what

you

are

eating,the

ingredients

in

your

meals

come

from

somewhere.All

roads

lead

to

agriculture.”可知,作者論證了農(nóng)業(yè)是我們食物的來源,由此可推知,作者使用“Arguably”這個單詞是為了表明對自己的陳述很肯定。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.B.Thediversityoffarmproducts.C.Thesignificanceoflandfarming.D.Theoriginofhumancivilization.答案

C

解析

主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是最后一段“All

in

all,agriculture

plays

a

critical

role

in

the

entire

life

of

a

given

economy.Agriculture

culture

is

the

backbone

of

the

economic

system

of

a

given

country.”可知,文章主要介紹農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性。Ⅱ.七選五ⅠⅡⅢⅣVegan

AgricultureVeganfarming(全素農(nóng)業(yè))hasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Itisoneofthemostenvironmentally-friendlyformsofagriculture.Veganfarmingisagoodwaytogrowplantssuchasvegetableswithoutusinganimal-derivedmaterialssuchastheirwaste.

1

Suchanapproachtofarmingalsohelpspreservetheenvironmentandregainsoilrichnessandimproveitsbiodiversity.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2

Organicfarmingusesnaturalproductstogrowplants—thatcanincludeevenanimalwasteasfertilizers.Ontheotherhand,veganagriculturerejectsanimal-derivedproductsandusuallystickswithplant-basedorganiccompounds,whichmeansthat,ingeneral,veganagriculturehasstricterrulesthanorganicfarming.

Additionally,veganfarmingusuallychoosesmorenaturalwaystoprotecttheplants,likebreakingcyclesofplants’diseaseswithmixedcropping(混作),usingmechanicalbarrierssuchasnets,orevenattractingopposingorganismstofighttheharmfulones.

3

However,theymightbelesseffectiveagainstcertainplantdiseasesorpests.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣOneofthereasonstoinvestinveganagricultureisthattheveganwayoffarmingreplacessynthetic(合成的)pesticidesandusesorganicpesticidesorothernon-chemicalmethodstoprotectthecrops.Bycontrast,inconventionalagriculture,syntheticpesticidesareonaveryhighlevel.

4

Inthefuture,itisofgreatsignificancenottorelyonanimals’wasteforfeedingplants.Doingsoisnotonlybeneficialtovegans.

5

Eveniftoday’smethodsofveganagriculturemightnotbeperfect,scientistsworldwide,togetherwithveganfarmers,areworkingtowardsdevelopingplant-basedsolutionsasalternativestoanimal-derivedfertilizers.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.Accordingly,theamountofitinfoodproductsismuchhigher.B.Itisapparentthatveganagricultureisnotthesameasanorganicone.C.Intoday’sworld,thevegandietandlifestyleareincreasinglypopular.D.Butit’salsogoodforthewholeworld,includingotheranimalsandplants.E.Thosewaysaffecttheenvironmentlessthanthewaysoftraditionalfarming.F.Theriseofveganismcreatesnewdemandformorevegan-friendlyagriculture.G.Also,veganfarmersarefarfromapplyingsyntheticfertilizers.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了全素農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢。1.G

由設(shè)空處前一句“Vegan

farming

is

a

good

way

to

grow

plants

such

as

vegetables

without

using

animal-derived

materials

such

as

their

waste.”和后一句“Such

an

approach

to

farming

also

helps

preserve

the

environment

and

regain

soil

richness

and

improve

its

biodiversity.”可知,設(shè)空處仍在說全素農(nóng)業(yè)的好處。G項“Also,vegan

farmers

are

far

from

applying

synthetic

fertilizers.(全素種植者也絕不會使用合成肥料。)”符合題意。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.B

本段最后一句“On

the

other

hand,vegan

agriculture

rejects

animal-derived

products

and

usually

sticks

with

plant-based

organic

compounds,which

means

that,in

general,vegan

agriculture

has

stricter

rules

than

organic

farming.”可知,本段在說全素農(nóng)業(yè)與有機農(nóng)業(yè)是不一樣的。結(jié)合選項,B項“It

is

apparent

that

vegan

agriculture

is

not

the

same

as

an

organic

one.(很明顯,全素農(nóng)業(yè)和有機農(nóng)業(yè)是不一樣的。)”符合題意。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.E

上文“Additionally,vegan

farming

usually

chooses

more

natural

ways

to

protect

the

plants,like

breaking

cycles

of

plants’

diseases

with

mixed

cropping(混作),using

mechanical

barriers

such

as

nets,or

even

attracting

opposing

organisms

to

fight

the

harmful

ones.”介紹全素農(nóng)業(yè)通常選擇更自然的方式來保護植物。下文“However,they

might

be

less

effective

against

certain

plant

diseases

or

pests.”介紹這種方法的弊端,且為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？赏浦仗帒?yīng)是這種方法的優(yōu)勢。結(jié)合選項,E項“Those

ways

affect

the

environment

less

than

the

ways

of

traditional

farming.(那些方式對環(huán)境的影響比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方式要小。)”符合語境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.A

上文“By

contrast,in

conventional

agriculture,synthetic

pesticides

are

on

a

very

high

level.”介紹傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)中合成殺蟲劑的使用情況。結(jié)合選項,A項“Accordingly,the

amount

of

it

in

food

products

is

much

higher.(因此,它在食品中的含量要高得多。)”與前一句構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。5.D

上文“Doing

so

is

not

only

beneficial

to

vegans.”介紹好處。結(jié)合選項,D項“But

it’s

also

good

for

the

whole

world,including

other

animals

and

plants.”介紹對于其他一些對象也是有益的。且“not

only...but

also”前后呼應(yīng)。Ⅲ.語法填空ⅠⅡⅢⅣWhenLinZhanxifirstintroducedmushroomcultivation(培育)totheGobiDesertresidentsofNingxia,hedidn’texpectsuchaphenomenalsuccess.1.

inventorofjuncao,amethodthatusesgrasscuttingsassubstrate(培養(yǎng)基)forgrowingeatableandmedicinalmushrooms,haslongbeencommitted2.

expandingthemethodinpovertyrelief.

Inthe1980s,asaprofessoratFujianAgricultureandForestryUniversity,Linexperimentedwithgrassinsteadoflogstogrowmushroomsbecauselogsweren’t3.

(ready)availableformanyruralhouseholds,whilegrass,4.

leavesandrootscanbeusedforecologicalmanagement,isanessentialmulti-functionalagriculturalresource.In1986,Linmadeit,andsoonhismethod5.

(adopt)by51countiesinFujian.

The

toreadily

whose

wasadoptedⅠⅡⅢⅣWhenjuncaowasmadeakeyprojectinthepairing-offcooperationbetweenFujianandNingxiain1997,Linadvocated6.

(take)advantageofabandonedcavedwellings(窯洞)forgrowingmushroomsinNingxia.Theprojectdoubledthefarmers’yearlyincomethatyear.

Thesuccessmadejuncao7.

(promote)in506China’scountiesanditwasthenintroducedto106developingcountries.Thisworld-famousinnovation8.

(bring)welfaretomillionsofpeoplesofar.WhattouchedLinmostduringhisjourneytoothercountriestohelpdevelopjuncaotechnologywasthataforeignministerevennamedhisdaughterafterjuncaoinhonorofChina’s9.

(assist).

taking

promoted

hasbroughtassistance

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“IfeelIhaveanewmission10.

(shoulder),evenafterChinawinsitsbattletoreducepoverty.Icanstillforeseetheimportanceofjuncaoinhelpingfarmersbettertheirsituationandimprovingtheecologyandtheenvironmentaroundus,”hesaid.

toshoulder

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。當林占熺第一次向?qū)幭母瓯跒┚用窠榻B蘑菇種植時,他沒有想到會取得如此驚人的成功。菌草技術(shù)是一種以草屑為基質(zhì)種植食用蘑菇和藥用蘑菇的方法,其發(fā)明者長期以來一直致力于在扶貧中推廣這種方法。1.The

考查冠詞。此處為特指一種以草屑為基質(zhì)種植食用蘑菇和藥用蘑菇的方法,所以用定冠詞。故填The。2.to

考查介詞。be

committed

to致力于,故填to。3.readily

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),修飾形容詞使用副詞。故填readily。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.whose

考查定語從句。先行詞是grass,設(shè)空處在定語從句中作定語,使用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。5.was

adopted

考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處在句子中作謂語,與主語之間為被動關(guān)系,使用被動語態(tài),因句子表達的是發(fā)生在過去的動作,使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填was

adopted。6.taking

考查非謂語動詞。advocate

doing

sth.主張做某事。故填taking。