Unit1語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1.What’sthematter??短語(yǔ)歸納haveacold感冒2.haveastomachache胃痛3.haveaheadache頭痛4.haveasorethroat喉嚨痛5.haveafever發(fā)燒6.haveacough咳嗽7.haveaheartproblem有心臟病8.hurtoneself傷到自己9.cutoneself割傷自己10.falldown摔倒;跌倒11.gethit/sunburned被擊中/曬傷12.liedown躺下13.takebreaks/takeabreak休息14.gotoa/thedoctor看醫(yī)生15.seeadentist看牙醫(yī)16.getanXray拍個(gè)X光片17.takeone'stemperature量體溫18.putsomemedicineon...在…上敷些藥19.takesb.tothehospital帶某人去醫(yī)院20.takerisks/takearisk冒險(xiǎn)21.loseone’slife失去生命22.runout(of)用盡;耗盡23.cutoff切除24.awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離25.makeadecision/makedecisions做決定26.soundlike聽起來好像27.getoutof離開;從………出來28.getoff下車29.getto到達(dá)30.getinto陷人;參與31.waitfor等待32.thinktwice慎重考慮,再三考慮33.thinkabout考慮34.gomountainclimbing去爬山35.giveup放棄36.tellof敘述;描述37.theimportanceof……的重要性38.beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣39.beincontrolof掌管;管理40.toone’ssurprise使某人驚訝的是;出乎某人的意料41.thanksto多虧;由于42.intime及時(shí)43.rightaway=atonce立即;馬上44.becauseof因?yàn)?5.byoneself獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)46.toomuch太多47.afew一些48.allweekend整個(gè)周末49.sothat以便?用法集萃sth.需要某物needtodosth.需要做某事doingsth.某事需要被做2.seesb..doingsth.看見某人正在做某事dosth.看見某人做了某事3.meantodosth.打算做某事doingsth.意味著做某事4.expect/want(sb.)todosth期待(某人)做某事/想要(某人)做某事usedtodosth.過去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事(=beusedfordoingsth.)seem(tobe)+形容詞好像……seemtodosth.好像做某事seem+that從句好像.…7.agree/happentodosth.同意做某事/碰巧做某事8.helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事9.tellsb.(not)todosth.告訴某人(不要)做某事10.haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困難11.usesth.todosth.=usesth.fordoingsth.用某物做某事12.giveup/keepondoingsth.放棄做某事/繼續(xù)做某事13.minddoingsth.介意做某事14.so+形容詞/副詞+that從句15.Itis/was+形容詞+that從句如此……以至于…"某事是…?語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)一．詢問某人的健康問題及遇到麻煩時(shí)的常用表達(dá)1.詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí),常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá):What'sthematter(withsb.)?(某人)怎么了?What'swrong(withsb.)?(某人)怎么了?What'sthetrouble(withsb.)?/(某人)出什么事了?Whathappened(tosb.)?(某人)發(fā)生什么事了?AreyouOK?你沒事吧?Isthereanythingwrong(withsb.)?(某人)有什么事嗎?2.要表達(dá)身體某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下結(jié)構(gòu):(1)某人+have/has+病癥Thetwinshavecolds.這對(duì)雙胞胎感冒。某人+have/has+a(n)+身體部位ache(headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache).Shehadastomachachelastnight.她昨晚胃痛。(3)某人+have/hasasore+身體部位Hehasasorethroat.他喉嚨痛。某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞Hehurthisleg.他的腿受傷了。(5)身體部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurts.我頭痛。某人+have/hasapaininone’s+身體部位Ihaveapaininmychest.我胸口痛。(6)其他表達(dá)方式Shehasaheartproblem.她有心臟病。Hegothitonthehead.他的頭部受到了撞擊。Shecutherfinger.她割破手指了。中考鏈接(山東菏澤)What's_____matter,Nancy?Ihavesorethroat.A.the;theB.the;aC./;a解析:我們可用“固定結(jié)構(gòu)法”解答本題。What'sthematter?意為“怎么了?";“have+a/an+疾病”表示“患……病”,它們都是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案:B二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,意為“應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”,其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。否定形式是在其后加not,可縮寫為shouldn't。謂語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí),把should提到主語(yǔ)之前。should的具體用法為:1.表示提出意見或建議。Youshoulddrinklotsofwater.你應(yīng)該喝大量的水。2.表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。Weshouldstudyhard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.表示命令、責(zé)備或要求,語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈。Youshouldn'tbesocareless.(否定句)你不應(yīng)該這么粗心。4.表示推測(cè)和可能性。Heshouldbeateacher.他應(yīng)該是一名老師。用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的疑問句中,表示征詢意見。Shouldwetellheraboutit?(一般疑問句)我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎?中考鏈接(天津)People______talkonamobilephonewhiletheyaredriving.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustD.can解析:我們可用“推理判斷法”解答本題。shouldn't意為“不應(yīng)該”;needn’t意為“不需要,不必”;must意為“必須”;can意為“能，會(huì)”。由關(guān)鍵信息whiletheyaredriving(當(dāng)他們正在開車時(shí))可推知，此處應(yīng)表示“人們不因該用通話?！惫?，選A。三．反身代詞1.含義及構(gòu)成表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。它們由第一人稱、第二人稱的形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱的賓格形式,在詞尾加self或selves構(gòu)成。反身代詞常譯為“………本人，……自己”。類別第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己復(fù)數(shù)ourselves我們自己yourselves你們自己themselves他們/她們/它們自己2.用法反身代詞與它所指的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系,在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(1)作賓語(yǔ)反身代詞常在teach,enjoy,help,hurt,lookafter等后作賓語(yǔ)。Theboyisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.這個(gè)男孩足夠大，可以照顧自己了。(2)作同位語(yǔ)反身代詞常用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),用來加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。MissGreenherselfisanurse.格林小姐本人就是一位護(hù)士。YoushouldgoandaskTomhimself.你應(yīng)該去問一下湯姆本人。(3)作表語(yǔ)反身代詞可放在be,feel,seem,look等連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),用來描述身體或精神等方面的感覺或狀態(tài)。Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了。3.含有反身代詞的常用短語(yǔ)enjoyoneself玩得高興hurt/cutoneself傷/割著自己byoneself獨(dú)自,單獨(dú)believeinoneself相信自己helponeselfto...隨便吃/喝……teachoneself.../learn...byoneself自學(xué)…loseoneselfin迷戀,沉醉于中考鏈接(重慶A卷)Boysandgirls,youshouldlookafter_______whenyourparentsarenotathome.A.himselfB.herselfC.yourselvesD.themselves解析:我們可用“聯(lián)系上下文法”解答本題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知此處考查反身代詞。由句中的Boysandgirls可知,句子的主語(yǔ)you表示“你們”,故此處應(yīng)用yoursselves(你們自己)作lookafter的賓語(yǔ)。句意:孩子們,當(dāng)你們的父母不在家時(shí)答案:C你們應(yīng)該照顧你們自己。(2)(黑龍江綏化)Tony,help________tosomefruit.A.yourB.yourselfC.yourselves解析:我們可用“固定搭配法”和“前后一致法”解答本題。helponeselfto..為固定搭配,意為“自己取(食物等)”,排除A項(xiàng);再由前面的Tony可知,此處指“你自己”,故選B。句意:托尼,請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)兒水果。答案:B?語(yǔ)法專練1.What's____________?Ihaveaheadache.A.thewrongB.thematterC.troubleD.happen2.Tom_____abadcold.Let'stakehimtothehospital.A.hurtsB.takesC.haveD.has3.Foreveryone'ssafety,we______alwaysrememberthelawagainstdrivingafterdrinking.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would4.InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we______beafraidoflosingface.Becausethemostimportantthingistopractice.Practicemakesperfect.A.shouldB.shouldn'tD.mustn't5.Youshould______morefruit.A.eatsB.ea