Unit1SciencefictionReviewUsefulStructures課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Reviewusefulstructures

Unit1ScienceFictionSophiaisconsideredthemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld.AreyouinterestedinSophia?Let’swatchashortvideoaboutSophiabeinginterviewedbyaneditor.Lead-inSocleverisSophia,andshehasbeenawarded

thefirstSaudicitizenshipforarobot.Thisishistoricaltobethefirstrobotintheworldtoberecognized

withacitizenship.ThatmeansSophiaisalwayshappytobesurrounded

bypeople.Sheanswersthatherhappyplaceiswhensheiswithpeople.Passivevoice

isusedinthesesentences.Inthevideo,Sophiaisbeinginterviewed

bytheeditor-in-chiefofStylist.Whenshe

isaskedwhatherhappyplaceis,howdoessheanswer?Find

thesimilaritiesbetweenthefollowingunderlinedwords.助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Itwasgoingtobetested

outbyLarry’swife,Claire.(para1)…butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.(para2)Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.(para3)…shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,…(para4)Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,…(para6)SosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.(para6)Howawfultobediscoveredbyher,Clairethought.(para6)…,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.(para7)Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.(P5)Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanaction

ratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.指出句中的主謂賓語(yǔ)。We

kept

foodinthefridge.We

mustclose

thewindowsandthedoor.SV.O.SV.O.Foodwaskept(byus)

inthefridge.Thewindowsandthedoormustbeclosed.語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的人或物，即主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；而在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是接受動(dòng)作的人或物，即主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Whatispassivevoice?Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyher...

shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot.

Arobotisofferingsympathytoher.1.不知道或沒(méi)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。3.廣播、廣告、新聞、標(biāo)題中。SatisfactionGuaranteed/Manwanted.Whenshouldweusepassivevoice?Thestreetiscleaned(clean)bythedustmeneverymorning.

Thesebookwerewritten(write)in1969.Somepinetreeswillbeplanted(plant)intheparktomorrow.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(build)overtherivernow.Allthelettershavebeenposted(post)sofar.

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí):1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+done3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):Structuresofpassivevoice5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):was/were+donewillbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donehave/hasbeen+doneTheroadswerebeingwidened(widen)lastweekatthistime.Shehadsaidthatthebridgehadbeenwashed(wash)awaybytheflood.Thebabymustbelooked(look)afterwell.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):7.過(guò)去完成時(shí):

8.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

was/werebeing+donehadbeen+done

must/can/may…+bedoneStructuresofpassivevoice一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdone

was/weredoneshall/willbedonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendoneshall/willhavebeendonehas/havebeendoneSummarizethestructuressofthepassivevoice?

?用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空P10①TheXi’anCityWall

wasbuilt

?

（build）originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

②Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25

isconsidered

?

（consider）healthy.

③Everyone’spay

willbeincreased

?

（increase）nextyearby5%.

④Itisthefirsttimethattheactress’sperformance

hasbeenrecognised

?

（recognise）bythedirector.

⑤Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar

isbeingrepaired

?

（repair）atthegarage.

wasbuilt

isconsidered

willbeincreased

hasbeenrecognised

isbeingrepaired

(1)

接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：++被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：①一般將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)不變。

②將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

e.g.He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

(間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ))Some

money

was

given

to

her.(直接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)（人）直接賓語(yǔ)(物)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.P11→

Apresentwasgiventometheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

→

Iwasgivenapresenttheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

Apresentwasgiventometheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

Iwasgivenapresenttheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

練習(xí)：(2)有一類(lèi)接賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞，如say,expect,report,think,believe,suppose,consider,know,其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種變法:

①itisdone+that從句

②sth/sbisdonetodo

e.g.Peoplesaythathehasbrokenaworldrecord.

Itissaidthathehasbrokenaworldrecord.

He

issaidtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

練習(xí)：Weexpectthatourteamwillwinthegame.

Itisexpectedthat

ourteamwillwinthegame.

Ourteamisexpectedtowinthegame.“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.It’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(3)

在“make/see/hear/watch/notice+sb+do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面的賓補(bǔ)do為省略to的不定式，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to要還原。eg:Theymade

him

gotherealone.Hewasmade

togotherealone.

①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.P11→

Astrangerwasseentoenterthebuildingjustnow.

?

Astrangerwasseentoenterthebuildingjustnow.

?

③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→

Iwasmadetodecidetostayhereforanotherdaybythebadweather.

?

Iwasmadetodecidetostayhereforanotherdaybythebadweather.

?

練習(xí)：(4)“動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（如lookafter,puton,payattentionto）也可以變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)可視為“及物動(dòng)詞”不可分割，即他們?cè)瓉?lái)所帶的介詞或副詞必須保留。

eg:Sheoftenlooksaftertheelderly.Theelderlyareoftenlookedafterbyher.

練習(xí)：④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.P11→

IwastakengoodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.

?

IwastakengoodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.

(5)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。e.g.Theproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.Thehighwayshouldbeextendedby200kmtothattown.(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)或情況,常考的形式如：

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車(chē))軋1)有些不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式可表被動(dòng)意義。

①.某些連系動(dòng)詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等后跟形容詞或名詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)。

e.g.Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

②.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

e.g.Itcan'tmove.Thedoorwon'tshut.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義③.某些動(dòng)詞如read,write,wash,sell,drive,eat,shut等被用做不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)通常是物。常與well,easily，badly等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，

e.g.Mynewpenwriteswell.Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.Thiskindofbooksellswell.2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的某些主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義①.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。常見(jiàn)形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

e.g.Thequestionis

difficulttoanswer.

練習(xí)：這個(gè)問(wèn)題很容易解決。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.②.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

e.g.Thematchiswellworthwatching.Whoistoblameforthemistake?Thepolicyispartlytoblameforcausing

theworstunemploymentinEurope.③.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

e.g.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning

(=wantstobecleaned).Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering

(=require

tobewatered).?

?用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空P11①Hisbooks

sell

?

（sell）well，sotheywillbesoldoutsoon.②Thischeese

doesn’tcut

?

（notcut）easily.It’stoosoft.

③Thesesmalltreesneed

taking/tobetaken

?

（take）goodcareof.

sell

doesn’tcut

taking/tobetaken

①不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有happen,last,rise,occur,breakout,takeplace,cometrue,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。eg:Thewarbrokeoutin1941.ThesportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.②系動(dòng)詞也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook,seem,appear,feel,taste,remain,stay,become,grow,go等eg:Thiskindofmaterailfeelssmooth.

不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)beundonewaselectedbeadded木已成舟/覆水難收。珍妮特上個(gè)月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。蛋糕料里需要加入兩百克面粉。Practice4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)willbebuilthasbeenimproved一個(gè)擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場(chǎng)地將于十一月建成。自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)isallowed經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)wasbeingdiscussed我進(jìn)會(huì)議室的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷(xiāo)售員的薪水.7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)beinvited我很榮幸能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)贏I大會(huì)上發(fā)言。9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)beadmitted使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction___________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand___________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.isregardedwrittenexploredReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Whenthefirstvolume____________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,