2020年10月自考00830現(xiàn)代語言學試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語言學年月真題

00830202010

1、【單選題】Thefamousquotation“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellas

sweet"wellillustratesthe______natureoflanguage.

systematic

arbitrary

A:

vocal

B:

human-specific

C:

答D:案：B

解析：語言是任意的，因為“筆”這個詞和我們用來寫字的東西之間沒有內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系。文

字只是符號；按照慣例，它們與對象、動作等相關(guān)聯(lián)。(莎士比亞的戲劇《羅密歐與朱麗

葉》中的一句名言很好地說明了語言的這種傳統(tǒng)本質(zhì)：“玫瑰叫什么名字都一樣香?！?

2、【單選題】Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe______propertiesofthe

streamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.

physical

psychological

A:

biological

B:

phonological

C:

答D:案：A

解析：語音學三大分支：發(fā)音語音學是對語音產(chǎn)生的研究；聲學語音學研究語音的物理性

質(zhì)；聽覺語音學研究如何被聽者感知的聲音。

3、【單選題】Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalled______.

morpheme

phoneme

A:

phone

B:

allophone

C:

答D:案：A

解析：語言中最小的、有意義的單位被稱為語素

4、【單選題】Wordsandphrasesareorganizedaccordingtothe______categories

theybelongto.

phonetic

phonological

A:

syntactic

B:

semantic

C:

答D:案：C

解析：單詞和短語是根據(jù)它們所屬的句法類別來組織的。

5、【單選題】Ofthefollowingfourpairsofwords,______aresynonyms.

furnitureandtable

seaandsee

A:

maleandfemale

B:

escapeandflee

C:

答D:案：D

解析：同義詞是指意義相同或非常相似。意思相近的詞叫做同義詞。

6、【單選題】SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopher

______inthelate50'softhe20thcentury.

JohnAustin

JohnSearle

A:

JohnFirth

B:

PaulGrice

C:

答D:案：A

解析：言語行為理論它起源于20世紀50年代末的英國哲學家約翰·奧斯汀。它是對語言

交際本質(zhì)的一種哲學解釋。它旨在回答這樣一個問題:“當我們使用語言時，我們在做什

么?”

7、【單選題】Theword"smog"enteredtheEnglishviaawordformationrule

called______.

compounding

blending

A:

derivation

B:

coinage

C:

答D:案：B

解析：混合是將單詞的各個部分組合成新詞的過程。比如，霧霾，早午餐。

8、【單選題】Fromalinguisticpointofview,BlackEnglishisNOTa(n)______

dialectofAmericanEnglish.

ethnic

social

A:

nonstandard

B:

regional

C:

答D:案：C

解析：黑人英語主要由美國非中產(chǎn)階級黑人使用。從語言學的角度來看，像黑人英語這樣

的種族語言變種只是美國英語（SAE）的一種非標準方言

9、【單選題】Ofthefollowinginfluentialfigures,______believedthatlanguage

andthoughtwereidentical.

Plato

Aristotle

A:

Sapir

B:

Whorf

C:

答D:案：A

解析：從柏拉圖時代起，關(guān)于語言與思想關(guān)系的假設成為語言心理學研究的假說。柏拉圖

認為，思想是靈魂與自己的話語。換句話說，思想和語言是相同的。這一觀點受到了亞里

士多德的挑戰(zhàn)，他認為人類不可能擁有相同的語言，而語言不過是心理經(jīng)歷的標志。

10、【單選題】ItwashypothesizedthatL2errorswerepredominantlytheresult

ofnegativetransfer,ormothertongueinterference.Thishypothesisisbasedon

______inSLA.

ContrastiveAnalysis

ErrorAnalysis

A:

interlanguage

B:

fossilization

C:

答D:案：A

解析：對比分析的發(fā)展是為了識別和預測學習困難的領域。鑒于這種方法，假設二語錯誤

主要是負遷移或母語干擾的結(jié)果，第二語言學習被認為是克服母語和二語系統(tǒng)之間差異的

問題。

11、【判斷題】Languageisarbitrarybynature,butitisnotentirelyarbitrary.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

12、【判斷題】Insteadofinlegal,thenegativeformoflegal,weallknow,is

illegal,asthe[n]soundisassimilatedto[1].

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。改正：Insteadofinlegal,thenegativeformoflegal,weallknow,is

illegal,asthe[n]soundisassimilatedto[m].

13、【判斷題】AllinflectionalmorphemesinModernEnglishoccurattheendofa

word.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

14、【判斷題】Theapplicationofsyntacticmovementrulestransformsasentence

fromthelevelofS-structuretothatofD-structure.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。改正：theapplicationofsyntacticmovementrulestransformsa

sentencefromthelevelofD-structuretothatofS-structure.

15、【判斷題】Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofall

itscomponents.

正確

A:

錯誤

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。改正：themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeanings

ofallitscomponents,thatis,themeaningofasentenceisnottobeworked

outbyaddingupallthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.

16、【判斷題】Semanticstakesthecontextofuseintoconsiderationinthestudy

ofmeaning.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。改正：pragmaticstakesthecontextofuseintoconsiderationinthe

studyofmeaning.

17、【判斷題】Semanticnarrowingreferstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofa

wordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearliermeaning.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。改正:Semanticbroadeningreferstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningof

awordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearliermeaning.

18、【判斷題】Canadaisatypicalexampleofofficialdiaglossia,whereboth

FrenchandEnglisharerecognizedofficiallanguages.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

19、【判斷題】Broca'sareaiscrucialformatchingofaspokenformwitha

perceivedobject,forthenamingofobjects,andforthecomprehensionofwritten

language.

正確

A:

錯誤

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F改正：Theangulargyrusiscrucialforthematchingofaspokenform

withaperceivedobject,forthenamingofobjects,andforthecomprehension

ofwrittenlanguage.

20、【判斷題】Theoptimumageforsecondlanguageacquisitionisearlyteenage.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

21、【問答題】Howdoesthelocationofstressdistinguishacompoundnounfroma

phraseconsistingofthesameelements?Youcanexplainwithexamples.

答案：i.SemanticfeaturesWhentwoormorefreemorphemesarecombinedinto

acompound,anewmeaningarise,whichisinmostcasesnolongerasimple

combinationofthemeaningsofthecomponentelements.E.g.agreenhouse,a

darkhorseii.OrthographicfeaturesMostcompoundwordsareeither

hyphenatedorcompletedjoined,likeday-care,grasshopper.Butthisisnotan

exclusivepractice,forsomecompoundwordsarealwayswrittenseparately,like

dayschool,sportscar,Sundaybestiii.Thestressofacompoundusually

fallsonthefirstconstituentmorpheme.Compare:Compound:'greenhouse,

'blackboardFreenounphrase:green'house,black'boardiv.Grammatical

featuresCompoundwordshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.Theyhave

specialinternalstructures,whicharenormallyunacceptableinfreephrases,

e.g.v.+n.→n.:cut-throat,breakwatern.+-ed→adj.:homemade,book-

learnedadj.+-ed→adj.:newborn,deep-laidV.Compoundshavespecial

morphologicalfeatures.Theiradjectivesconstituentsnormallydonottakethe

comparativeandsuperlativeforms.finearts-finerarts-finestarts

loudspeaker-louderspeaker

22、【問答題】Whataretheprocessesinsemanticchange?

答案：Therearepresentmainlythreeprocessesofsemanticchange:

semanticbroadening,semanticnarrowing,semanticshift.Semanticbroadening

referstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomesmoregeneralor

inclusivethanitshistoricallyearlierdenotation.Anexampleofsemantic

broadeningisthemodernuseoftheword“dog”.Itsmeaningwasbroadenedto

encompassallbreedsofcanineanimals.Semanticnarrowingisthereverse

processinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomeslessgeneralorinclusivethan

itshistoricallyearliermeaning.Forexample,theword“deer”wasused

earliertorefertoanyanimal,butitsmodernreferencehasbeennarroweddown

toonlyaspecificspecificspecies.Semanticshiftisaprocessofsemantic

changeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimes

related,meaning.

23、【填空題】Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandp______wasmadebytheSwiss

linguistF.de

答案：parole。

24、【填空題】Thelocationofs______inanEnglishworddistinguishesmeaning.

Ashiftofitmaychangethepartofspeechofawordfromanountoaverb

althoughitsspellingremainsunchanged.

答案：stress。

25、【填空題】Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:r______andaffixes.

答案：roots。

26、【填空題】AccordingtotheX-bartheory,theword“girl”inthenoun

phrase"thelittlegirlinred"istheh______.

答案：head。

27、【填空題】Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesame

formiscalledh______.

答案：Homonymy

28、【填空題】TherearefourmaximsundertheC______Principle.

答案：Cooperative

29、【填空題】Theword“holiday"wasoriginallyusedtomeanadayof

religioussignificance,buttodayitmeansanydayoffwork.Thisisanexample

ofsemanticb______.

答案：broadening

30、【填空題】I______isapersonaldialectproducedwithintheoverallsystem

ofaparticularlanguagewhenanindividualspeaks.

答案：idiolect

31、【填空題】Theacquisitionofthef______languagecoincideswiththeperiod

ofbrainlateralization.

答案：first

32、【填空題】D______listeningtestsinvolvesimultaneouslypresenting,through

earphones,twodifferentauditorysignals,onetotherightearandtheotherto

theleftear.

答案：Dichotic

33、【名詞解釋】culturaltransmission

答案：Languageisculturallytransmitted.Itispassedonfromonegeneration

tothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct.

34、【名詞解釋】articulatoryphonetics

答案：Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.

35、【名詞解釋】derivation

答案：Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbythe

additionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.Forexample,

qualification,finalize.

36、【名詞解釋】adjacencycondition

答案：Adjacencycondition-Itisaprincipleofgeneralprinciplesof

UniversalGrammarwhichstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshould

stayadjacenttoeachotherandexplainswhynootherphrasalcategory

canintervenebetweenaverbanditsdirectobject.

37、【名詞解釋】selectionalrestrictions

答案：Thenwhetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrules

calledselectionalrestrictions,i.e.,constraintsonwhatlexicalitemscango

withwhatothers.Somesentencesmaybegrammaticallywell-formed,i.e.,

theycomplyperfectlywiththegrammarrulesofthelanguage,yettheymaynot

besemanticallymeaningful.

38、【名詞解釋】context

答案：Thenotionofcontextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbythe

knowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.Thesharedknowledgeisoftwo

types:theknowledgeofthelanguagetheyuse,andtheknowledgeaboutthe

world,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandthespecific

knowledgeabout