新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4第四冊unit2-Technology-and-Happiness省公開課金

Unit2ManandTechnology

TextATechnologyandHappinessBy王沖顏敏杰黃永水陳遠(yuǎn)東1/38TopicPreviewVideoClipDetailReading2/38TopicPreview

Pleaselookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.

Picture1Theautomaticwater

drinkingmachine3/38

Picture2Udiskmemorypen4/38Picture3Pregnancyexperience5/38Q:WhatassociationdotheMagictechnologyproducts

bringtoyou?ItisadvancedscienceandtechnologyItisbeyondlogicandabovereasonItisrealmagical，Ilikethemverymuch...

CompanyLogoIfIhavethem,Iwillsoveryveryhappyandexcitedthatcan'tfallasleepwellforawhile.6/38Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestion.Whatchangescouldtakeplaceinourfuturelifewiththeadvancementoftechnology?VideoClip7/38Q:Whatchangescouldtakeplaceinour

futurelifewiththeadvancementof

technology?EverythingisautomaticProductionbeincreased.Humanlaborbedecreased.People’smentalhorizonbebroadened.Ontheonehand...8/38Doyouthinktechnologymakesyourlifeeasier?Couldyougivesomeexamples?Yes,Ithinkso.Convenienttelecommunicationandtransportation,comfortablehouseholdappliances,workingenvironmentwithoutthelimitationoftimeandspace,andsoon.9/38Whatnegativeaspectsdoyouthinkshouldbeavoidedwhenwedevelopscienceandtechnology?Maybesomeonewillsay:Environmentalpollution,misuseoroveruseofthehumanresources,wars,moralproblems,andsoon.Ontheotherhand...10/38Whatishappiness?Areyouhappynow?Ifnot,whatmakesyouunhappy?Wheredoeshappinesscomefrom,materialormind?Ishappinessanythingrelatedwithothers?(Doeshappinessexistinyourselfordependonothers.)11/38Happineseis...1、Happinessliesnotinthemerepossessionofmoney;itliesinthejoyofachievement,inthethrillofcreativeeffort.(FranklinRoosevelt)——富蘭克林-羅斯福

幸福不在于擁有金錢；它在于成功喜悅，在努力創(chuàng)造刺激2、Thesupremehappinessoflifeistheconvictionthatweareloved.(VictorHugo)——維克多雨果

生活中最大幸福是堅(jiān)信有些人愛我們3、Thereisnoparadiseonearthequaltotheunionofloveandinnocence.(JeanJacquesRousseau)——讓-賈可盧梭人世間最大幸福莫如現(xiàn)有愛情又愛得純潔無瑕12/38What'shappinese——TheNewYorkstyle

ByWeixiaoguang13/38China'shappinese——FanWeistyle14/38HomeworkIfyou

areaskedtowrite

a

compositionabouttherelationshipbetweentechnologyandhappiness,whatdoyouplantodo.15/38StructureAnalysisPart1(Para.1-2)

Materialandtechnologicaladvancesdonotreallybringhappinesstopeopleinthedevelopedcountries.ThoughAmericansnowarewealthierthantheywereinthemiddleofthelastcentury,theyarenothappierthantheyusedtobe.Part2(Para.3-5)

Technologyandhappinessarenotnecessarilycloselycorrelatedbecausepeopleadapttotechnologicalprogresstooquickly.

16/38Part3(Para.6-9)

Thecurrentcommentsontechnologyhavemostlycenteredonthebadeffectsoftechnologyonhumanrelationshipsratherthanparticular,harmfultechnologies.Part4(Para.10)

Themostimportantimpactoftechnologyonpeople’ssenseofwell-beingisinthefieldofhealthcare.Part5(Para.11)Peopleingeneralclaimthatonadeeperlevel,technologycannotbringhappinesstothem,whichisjustcontradictorytothefactthatithasgreatlyimprovedpeople’shealthandlifeexpectancy.17/38

Inthepresentera,allofusareenthusiasticallypursuingtechnologicaladvancementandtakeitforgrantedthatthedevelopmentoftechnologywillmakeushappier.However,littleevidencecanbefoundtoprovethecorrelationbetweentechnologyandhappinessoncematerialandtechnologicaladvancesreachacertainlevel.Thetextbelowmayprovideyouwithsomeinsightsintothisissue.DetailReading18/38

Inthe20thcentury,Americans,Europeans,andEastAsiansenjoyedmaterialandtechnologicaladvancesthatwereunimaginableinpreviouseras.IntheUnitedStates,forinstance,grossdomesticproductpercapitatripledfrom1950to.Lifeexpectancy

soared.TheboominproductivityafterWorldWarIImadegoodsbetterandcheaperatthesametime.Thingsthatwereonceluxuries,suchasjettravelandlong-distancephonecalls,becamenecessities.AndeventhoughAmericansseemedtoworkextraordinarilyhard,theirpursuitofentertainmentturnedmediaandleisureintomultibillion-dollarindustries.Para119/38Traslation譯文：

在第二十世紀(jì)，美國人，歐洲人，和東方人享受物質(zhì)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步，在以前是無法想象。在美國，比如，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值翻了三倍，從1950到。預(yù)期壽命上升。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后貨更加好和更廉價(jià)同時(shí)提升生產(chǎn)力繁榮。曾經(jīng)是奢侈事情，如乘飛機(jī)旅行和長途電話服務(wù)，成為必需品。盡管美國人似乎工作非常難，他們追求娛樂變成了媒體和休閑價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元產(chǎn)業(yè)。20/38

Bymoststandards,then,youwouldhavetosaythatAmericansarebetteroffnowthantheywereinthemiddleofthelastcentury.Oddly,though,ifyouaskAmericanshowhappytheyare,you’llfindthattheyarenohappierthantheywerein1946(whichiswhenformal

surveysofhappinessstarted).Infact,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaytheyare“veryhappy”hasfallenslightlysincetheearly1970s—eventhoughtheincomeofpeoplebornin1940has,onaverage,increasedby116percentoverthecourseoftheirworkinglives.Youcanfindsimilardataformostdevelopedcountries.Para221/38Traslation譯文：

那么，依據(jù)大多數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，你會(huì)說，現(xiàn)在美國人比上個(gè)世紀(jì)中葉富裕多了。不過，奇怪是，假如你問美國人有多幸福，你會(huì)發(fā)覺，他們并不比1946年時(shí)幸福（1946年正式開始對幸福情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查）。實(shí)際上，那些說自己“非常幸?！比怂及俜直茸?0世紀(jì)70年代以來一直穩(wěn)中有降——盡管20世紀(jì)40年代出生人收入在他們工作生涯中平均增加了116％。你能夠在大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家找到相同數(shù)據(jù)。

22/38

Para.3

TherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnologyhasbeenaneternalsubjectforsocialcriticsandphilosopherssincetheadventoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butit’sbeenleftlargelyunexaminedbyeconomistsandsocialscientists.Thetrulygroundbreakingworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-beingwasdonebytheeconomistRichardEasterlin,whoin1974wroteafamouspaperentitled“DoesEconomicGrowthImprovetheHumanLot?”Easterlinshowedthatwhenitcameto

developedcountries,therewasnorealcorrelationbetweenanation’sincomelevelanditscitizens’happiness.Money,Easterlinargued,couldnotbuyhappiness—atleastnotafteracertainpoint.Easterlinshowedthatthoughpovertywasstronglycorrelatedwithmisery,onceacountrywassolidlymiddle-class,gettingwealthierdidnotseemtomakeitscitizensanyhappier.23/38Traslation譯文：

自工業(yè)革命開始以來，幸福與技術(shù)之間關(guān)系一直是社會(huì)批評家和哲學(xué)家們長久研究課題，然而，基本上還沒有受到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和社會(huì)學(xué)家們關(guān)注。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理查德·伊斯特林在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和幸福關(guān)系方面進(jìn)行了含有開拓性研究，并于1974年發(fā)表了一篇題為“經(jīng)濟(jì)增加改變?nèi)祟惷\(yùn)嗎？”著名論文。伊斯特林表明，就發(fā)達(dá)國家而言，一個(gè)國家收入和國民幸福之間沒有真正相互關(guān)系。伊斯特林認(rèn)為，金錢買不到幸福，最少在（金錢）到達(dá)了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林認(rèn)為，盡管貧窮與苦難密不可分，不過，一個(gè)國家一旦到達(dá)穩(wěn)定中產(chǎn)階級(jí)水平，富有似乎并沒有讓其國民感到更多幸福。24/38Para.4

Thisseemstobeclosetoauniversalphenomenon.Infact,oneofhappinessscholars’mostimportantinsightsisthatpeopleadaptveryquicklytogoodnews.Takelotterywinnersforexample.Onefamousstudyshowedthatalthoughwinnerswerevery,veryhappywhen

they

won,theirextremeexcitementquicklyevaporated,andafterawhiletheirmoodsandsenseofwell-beingwereindistinguishablefromwhattheyhadbeenbeforethevictory.

這好像幾乎是一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象。實(shí)際上，研究幸福學(xué)者們最主要觀點(diǎn)之一是：人們對好消息很快便習(xí)認(rèn)為常。拿彩票中獎(jiǎng)?wù)邽槔?。一?xiàng)主要研究表明，盡管買彩票中獎(jiǎng)人中獎(jiǎng)時(shí)會(huì)感到非常非常幸福，可這種興奮很快就消逝了。一段時(shí)間之后，他們心情和幸福感與中獎(jiǎng)之前沒有什么兩樣。25/38Para.5

So,too,withtechnology:nomatterhowdramaticanewinnovationis,nomatterhowmucheasieritmakesourlives,itisveryeasytotakeitforgranted.Youcanseethisprincipleatwork

intheworldoftechnologyeveryday,asthingsthatonceseemedmiraculoussoonbecomecommonand,worse,frustrating

whentheydon’tworkperfectly.It’shard,itturnsout,tokeepinmindwhatthingswerelikebeforethenewtechnologycamealong.26/38Traslation譯文：

人們對待技術(shù)態(tài)度也是一樣：不論一個(gè)新事物多么引人注目，也不論它使我們生活變得多么舒適，人們都認(rèn)為這是理所當(dāng)然事情。在技術(shù)世界，你天天都會(huì)看到這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起作用。曾經(jīng)一度被視為非常神奇東西很快就變得習(xí)認(rèn)為常，更糟是，當(dāng)這些東西運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不正常時(shí)，還會(huì)令人沮喪。要把新技術(shù)問世之前情形切記在心原來是如此困難！27/38Para.6

Doesourfastassimilationoftechnologicalprogressmean,then,thattechnologymakesnodifference?No.Itjustmakesthequestionoftechnology’simpact,forgoodorill,morecomplicated.Let’sstartwiththedownside.Therearecertainwaysinwhichtechnologymakeslifeobviouslyworse.Telemarketing,trafficjams,andidentitytheftall

cometomind.Theseareallphenomenathatmakepeopleconsciouslyunhappy.Butforthemostpart,moderncritiquesoftechnologyhavefocusednotsomuchonspecific,badtechnologiesastheimpactoftechnologyonourhumanrelationships.

28/38Traslation譯文：

那么，我們對技術(shù)進(jìn)步快速吸收是否意味著技術(shù)沒有發(fā)揮什么作用呢？不，決非如此。不論好歹，這只是把技術(shù)影響問題變得愈加復(fù)雜。我們先從負(fù)面影響談起。在一些方面，技術(shù)顯然使得生活愈加糟糕了。譬如，我們馬上會(huì)想到電話推銷、交通阻塞以及身份資料失竊等情況。這些都是讓人們顯著意識(shí)到不幸福現(xiàn)象?？墒?，當(dāng)代技術(shù)評論文章多半都沒有把焦點(diǎn)集中在詳細(xì)、有害技術(shù)上，而是集中在了技術(shù)對人際關(guān)系影響上。

29/38Para.7

Privacyhasbecomeincreasinglyfragileinaworldoflinkeddatabases.Inmanyworkplaces,technologieslikekeystrokemonitoringandfullrecordingsofphonecallsmakeiteasiertowatchworkers.Thenotionthattechnologydisruptsandfracturescommunitygainedmainstreamprominenceasanattackontelevision.SomeevensaythatTVischieflyresponsibleforthegradual

isolationofAmericansfromeach

other.Similarly,theharmfuleffectsoftheInternet,whichsupposedlyfurtherisolatespeoplefromwhatisoftencalled“therealworld”.30/38Traslation譯文：

在聯(lián)了網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)庫世界里，隱私變得越來越脆弱。在許多工作場所，諸如按鍵監(jiān)控和電話全程錄音之類技術(shù)使得對員工監(jiān)視變得愈加輕易。人們對電視攻擊主要集中在以下方面：技術(shù)擾亂了人際關(guān)系、破壞了小區(qū)交往。一些人甚至說，電視是美國人逐步相互疏遠(yuǎn)罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。一樣也有些人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)負(fù)面影響深入使人遠(yuǎn)離了我們常說“真實(shí)世界”。31/38

Para.8Thisbroadcriticismoftechnology’simpactonrelationshipsisaninterestingoneandisespeciallyrelevanttothequestionofhappiness,becauseoneofthefewthingswecansayforcertain

isthatthemorefriendsandthecloserrelationshipspeoplehave,thehappiertheytendtobe.這種廣義上關(guān)于技術(shù)影響人際關(guān)系批評頗有趣味，尤與幸福問題相關(guān)，因?yàn)槲覀冋嬲邪盐照f清楚事情沒有幾件，但其中之一是：人們朋友越多，關(guān)系越親密，就越幸福。32/38

Para.9

Today,technologicalchangeissorapidthatwhenyoubuysomething,youdosoknowingthatinafewmonthsthere’sgoingtobeabetter,fasterversionoftheproduct,andthatyou’regoingtobestuckwiththeoldone.Someoneelse,inotherwords,hasitbetter.It’sasifdisappointmentwerebuiltintoacquisitionfromtheverybeginning.今天技術(shù)改變異常神速，購置某種產(chǎn)品時(shí)你就知道，再過幾個(gè)月，比這個(gè)產(chǎn)品性能更加好、運(yùn)作更加快款式就會(huì)問世，而你卻還得使用舊款式產(chǎn)品。換句話說，他人買到產(chǎn)品要比你好。這種失望感好像從開始購置這件產(chǎn)品時(shí)就已經(jīng)存在了。

33/38Para10

Dailystress,anannoyingsenseofdisappointment,fearthatthegovernmentknowsalotmoreaboutyouthanyouwouldlikeitto—theseareobviouslysomeofthewaysinwhichtechnologyreducespeople’ssenseofwell-being.Butthemostimportantimpactoftechnologyonpeople’ssenseofwell-beingisinthefieldofhealthcare.BeforetheIndustrial

Revolution,twooutofeverythreeEuropeansdiedbeforetheageof30.Today,lifeexpectancyforwomeninWesternEuropeisalmost80years,anditcontinuestoincrease.Thepointisobvious:thevastmajorityofpeoplearehappytobealive,andthemoretimetheygetonearth,thebetterofftheyfeelthey’llbe.Butuntilveryrecently,lifeforthevastmajorityofpeoplewasnasty,rough,andshort.Technologyha