綜合教程5Unit7Theartofsmartguessing市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit7

TheArtofSmartGuessingBryanW.Mattimore1/56AbouttheAuthorBryanW.Mattimore,presidentofTheMattimoreGroupconsultingcompany(咨詢企業(yè))inStamford,Connecticut,majorsinappliedbusinesscreativity,andhasdesignedandfacilitated(促進(jìn))ideation(構(gòu)思能力)programsforsuchorganizationsasPepsiCo(百事可樂),AT&TandtheU.S.Government.2/56TheDefinitionofGuess1.amessageexpressinganopinionbasedonincompleteevidence2.anestimatebasedonlittleornoinformation3/56Whatshouldweneedtobetohaveasmartguessing?Imaginative(富于想象力)Original(獨(dú)創(chuàng)，新奇)Intelligent(聰明)Well-informed(見多識(shí)廣)4/56(1901-1954),Italian-bornAmericanphysicistandNobelPrizewinner,whomadeimportantcontributionstoboththeoreticalandexperimentalphysics.EnricoFermi5/56SheldonCooperTheoreticalphysicistLeonardHofstadterExperimentalphysicist6/56Let’sguess!HowmanypianotunersarethereinChicago？Figureitoutyourselfafterclassbyreadingthearticle.Answer：7/56Let’splay!Non-boyAbout5girlsGrabyourpens4.

Writedownyournames(bothChinese&English)andtheanswer8/56Let’splay!Rock-Scissors-Papertodecidewho’sgonnabethefinalwinner.9/56Structure1stpart:paragraph1-5Thecause,purposeandresultoftheone-questionquiz.2ndpart:paragraph6-18DrawsourattentiontouniversallypracticalsignificanceofsmartguessingandgivesexamplestoshowhowscientistssolveFermiproblem.3rdpart:paragraph19-20

Givethecorrectansweroftheone-questionquiz.10/56LanguageWork（P1、2）

aone-questionquiz:aquizwhichconsistsofonequestiononly;acompetitionduringwhichonequestionisaskedandansweredtrench:n.along,narrowusu.deepditch(溝渠;壕溝)e.g.

TheMarianaTrenchisthedeepestdepressioninthebedofthePacificOcean.

11/56LanguageWork

cannonball:n.alargemetalballfiredfromacannon

（炮彈）12/56譯文（1、2段）幾年前，我給應(yīng)聘者面試，問他們“你有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)？”這個(gè)問題，以后逐步問煩了。于是，我決定做一項(xiàng)單個(gè)問題測(cè)試，從而了解這位新人是不是個(gè)善于處理問題思索者。問題以下：您乘坐一艘游艇，橫渡太平洋。駕駛員告訴您，游艇到了馬里亞納海溝最深位置。此時(shí)，有個(gè)笨手笨腳客人不小心把一個(gè)重達(dá)12磅炮彈掉進(jìn)海里。炮彈沉到海底要多久？

13/56LanguageWork（P3~5）

bogdownbogsth/sbdown(insth)tomakesthsinkintomudorwetground

使某人、某物陷入爛泥e.g.Thetruckgotboggeddowninthemud.topreventsbfrommakingprogressinanactivity妨礙；妨礙e.g.Ourdiscussionsgotboggeddowninirrelevantdetails.14/56LanguageWork（P3~5）zeroin

(zeroinonsb/sth)1

tofixallyourattentiononthepersonorthingmentioned集中全部注意力于e.g.Aftermakingafewpreliminary(初步)remarks,thechairmanzeroedinonthekeyissues.2toaimguns,etc.atthepersonorthingmentioned(用槍炮等)瞄準(zhǔn)e.g.Thefemalespyzeroedinonthespeaker.15/56LanguageWork（P3~5）

hazard

verbtomakeasuggestionorguesswhichyouknowmaybewrong莽撞提出；冒險(xiǎn)猜測(cè)

nounathingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage危害；危險(xiǎn)

hazardtosth/sbhazardofsth/ofdoingsth

安全隱患

safetyhazard16/56譯文（3~5段）在繼續(xù)閱讀之前請(qǐng)您設(shè)法自己處理這個(gè)問題——要尤其注意解題方法。您是不是因?yàn)椤靶畔⒉粔颉本屯耆共履?？您是不是過于拘泥于細(xì)節(jié)，而沒能得到“絕對(duì)正確”答案？或者說(shuō)，您是不是先全神貫注在兩個(gè)最主要問題上——馬里亞納海溝有多深？炮彈在水里下沉速度有多快？——然后才做出猜測(cè)？大多數(shù)面試者就是胡亂瞎猜，心想反正不可能百分之百地準(zhǔn)確。極少有些人愿意冒險(xiǎn)做個(gè)估算。17/56PartⅡ(Para6-18)

Mainidea:

First,thewriterdrawsourattentiontotheuniversallypracticalsignificanceofsmartguessing.Next,hegivesanexampletoshowwhatscientistscallaFermiproblem.Then,thewriterdefinesorexplainsitbeforeheillustratesitwithanotherfourexamples.

18/56LanguageWork（P6~7）conventionaloutlets:traditionalshopswhichsellgoodsmadebyaparticularcompany傳統(tǒng)銷售渠道

19/56譯文（6、7段）這與業(yè)務(wù)或創(chuàng)造性有什么關(guān)系嗎？關(guān)系大著呢。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里，我們經(jīng)常在沒有充分信息時(shí)，需要做出決定。從吃什么到怎樣養(yǎng)育孩子，有創(chuàng)意人必須自己來(lái)思索。想要十拿九穩(wěn)地做出決定，您可能既沒有時(shí)間也沒有金錢。做出最正確猜測(cè)經(jīng)常是您最正確選擇。

20/56譯文（6、7段）譬如說(shuō)，假設(shè)需要您為一個(gè)新電話設(shè)備撰寫一份銷售計(jì)劃，這個(gè)設(shè)備能夠?qū)⒛彰?、企業(yè)、地址和電話號(hào)碼發(fā)送到其它人電話上，既可視頻顯示又能打印。除了像大眾供貨商和電子商店這些傳統(tǒng)銷售渠道，您得了解美國(guó)終究有多少家“電話商店”。遺憾是，不論從市場(chǎng)研究部門還是從美國(guó)政府官方數(shù)據(jù)，都查不到這個(gè)數(shù)字。那您怎么辦？

21/56LanguageWork（P8~9）YellowPages:Atelephonedirectoryorsectionofadirectory(usuallyprintedonyellowpaper)wherebusinessproductsandservicesarelistedalphabetically（按字母次序）byfieldalongwithclassifiedadvertising.

22/56譯文（8、9段）有一個(gè)方法，那就是您到當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館去，取出全國(guó)各地幾本電話號(hào)碼簿，翻到黃頁(yè)，然后開始數(shù)數(shù)。那么，您能夠猜出在數(shù)過每個(gè)城市里，每十萬(wàn)人有幾家電話商店。順便說(shuō)一句，這是我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)營(yíng)銷顧問為一個(gè)大型通訊客戶做市場(chǎng)調(diào)查時(shí)確切做法。23/56譯文（8、9段）這個(gè)關(guān)于電話商店問題是科學(xué)家們稱之為費(fèi)米問題例子。這是以諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)取得者恩里科?費(fèi)米命名，他用類似問題教授學(xué)生獨(dú)立思索方法。費(fèi)米問題并不包含您所需要準(zhǔn)確處理問題全部信息。24/56LanguageWork（P10）assumption:

n.sth.acceptedastrueorassuretohappen,butnotprovede.g.Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.tune:vt.toadjustaninstrumentmadebyguessing25/56譯文（第10段）聽說(shuō)，有一次費(fèi)米問自己大學(xué)生芝加哥有多少個(gè)鋼琴調(diào)音師。要回答這個(gè)問題，他提議將問題分解成比較小、比較輕易處理問題，然后鼓足勇氣做些猜測(cè)和構(gòu)想。芝加哥有多少居民？三百萬(wàn)是個(gè)合理預(yù)計(jì)。每家有幾口人？假設(shè)平均四個(gè)人。有多少人家有鋼琴？比如說(shuō)三家里有一家。那么，芝加哥大約有250,000架鋼琴。每架鋼琴多久調(diào)一次音？或許五年一次。那就一年調(diào)50,000次音。一個(gè)調(diào)音師一天能夠調(diào)幾架鋼琴？四架？一年幾架？假設(shè)有250個(gè)工作日，一個(gè)調(diào)音師一年能夠調(diào)1,000架鋼琴。26/56Par11-Par20重點(diǎn)單詞及詞匯Approximately:adv，大約，近似地Turnout:生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是，關(guān)掉，出動(dòng)Atanypoint:任何時(shí)候guesswork:

猜測(cè)，猜測(cè)結(jié)果balanceout:

相抵，平衡，抵消27/56Assumption:V，假定，構(gòu)想Elegant:高雅，優(yōu)雅，考究Broadcloth:絨面呢Sunk：過去分詞形式，原型為sink，過去式形式為sank，V（使）下沉，使低落，滲透。N，水槽，污水坑28/56Stroke：n,中風(fēng)，打擊，嘗試，輕撫，v,敲擊，劃掉，輕撫Guesstimator:猜測(cè)家Microware:n,微波Intensity:n,強(qiáng)度，強(qiáng)烈Sophisticated:復(fù)雜，久經(jīng)事故，富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)29/56Nautical:航海，海上Estimate:v,評(píng)價(jià)，預(yù)計(jì)，估價(jià)，n，判斷，看法，評(píng)價(jià)，預(yù)計(jì)Bottom：n,底部，末端，盡頭，adj,底部，末端30/56Paragraphtranslation11.所以芝加哥大約有50位鋼琴調(diào)音師——事實(shí)證實(shí)這個(gè)結(jié)果理所應(yīng)該地靠近黃頁(yè)上實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)。

12.為何猜測(cè)能夠如此準(zhǔn)確有一部分原因是因?yàn)槠骄鶖?shù)定律。在任何時(shí)候你假設(shè)可能會(huì)過高或過低。但因?yàn)槠骄鶖?shù)定律你失誤往往會(huì)得到平衡13.個(gè)疑問。你可能已經(jīng)知道黑吸收最多熱量而白色反射了大多數(shù)熱量。但在黑白之間其它顏色呢你怎樣能找到答案提醒:冬天但不太冷時(shí)候。31/5614.本·富蘭克林方法非常優(yōu)雅。一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚早晨他只是在雪地上鋪設(shè)了各種不一樣顏色闊幅布樣品。他說(shuō)“幾小時(shí)日曬后在太陽(yáng)輻射照射下黑色布將變得最溫暖黑布陷進(jìn)雪地里如此之低以至于陽(yáng)光都照射不到了深藍(lán)色幾乎與黑色一樣低低淺藍(lán)色就不像深藍(lán)陷得那么深了其它顏色陷得更淺白色依然留在雪地表面根本沒有陷入進(jìn)去。”

15.我最喜歡一個(gè)“猜測(cè)家”是WestonConn.創(chuàng)造家斯坦·梅森他改進(jìn)了微波炊具特殊設(shè)計(jì)了最正確烹調(diào)食物放置位置。32/5616.要做到這一點(diǎn)梅森需要知道微波熱點(diǎn)”在哪——那兒食物受到最高強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)度微波照射。為了找出真相他把幾層架子未爆裂爆米花谷粒放入微波爐中觀察看哪個(gè)谷粒首先爆裂。突然他發(fā)覺了微波爐最熱射線一個(gè)模式最熱門射線既不是在角落里也不在中心而是在蘑菇云形狀里。17.然后他設(shè)計(jì)烹飪菜肴來(lái)適應(yīng)這個(gè)模式。他已經(jīng)想出一個(gè)創(chuàng)意十足方法來(lái)靠近答案而不是利用科學(xué)精密檢測(cè)設(shè)備。18.假如費(fèi)米知道話他也會(huì)為之鼓掌。33/5619.話說(shuō)馬里亞納海溝深約六海里炮彈下降速率為10英尺/秒。所以炮彈大約要花一個(gè)小時(shí)時(shí)間抵達(dá)海溝底部。20.這都否被猜到假如你知道地球最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰海拔29000英尺你可能會(huì)得出合理結(jié)論:最低點(diǎn)也是一樣距離。然后你能夠想象一個(gè)重物掉進(jìn)一個(gè)10英尺深游泳池只需要1秒鐘到底。這些估算足夠讓你去靠近正確答案。34/56Pra11：Pianotuners:鋼琴調(diào)音師35/56BenjaminFranklin本杰明·富蘭克林36/56Theexperimenttoprovethatlightningiselectricity37/56

100dollars38/56BenjaminFranklin(January17,1706–April17,1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Anotedpolymath,Franklinwasaleadingauthorandprinter,satirist,politicaltheorist,politician,scientist,inventor,civicactivist,statesman,soldier,anddiplomat..39/56Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstoveacarriageodometer,andtheglass'armonica'.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstoveacarriageodometer,andtheglass'armonica'.HeformedboththefirstpubliclendinglibraryinAmericaandthefirstfiredepartmentinPennsylvania.Hewasanearlyproponentofcolonialunity,andasapoliticalwriterandactivist,hesupportedtheideaofanAmericannation.AsadiplomatduringtheAmericanRevolution,hesecuredtheFrenchalliancethathelpedtomakeindependenceoftheUnitedStatespossible40/56HeformedboththefirstpubliclendinglibraryinAmericaandthefirstfiredepartmentinPennsylvania.Hewasanearlyproponentofcolonialunity,andasapoliticalwriterandactivist,hesupportedtheideaofanAmericannation.AsadiplomatduringtheAmericanRevolution,hesecuredtheFrenchalliancethathelpedtomakeindependenceoftheUnitedStatespossible41/56Pra14Broadcloth：（絨面呢）

isadensewoolencloth.Modernbroadclothcanbecomposedofcotton,silk,orpolyester,buttraditionallybroadclothwasmadesolelyofwool.Thedenseweavelendssturdinesstothematerial.42/56StanMason斯坦梅森

Overthepast70years,StanMasonhasinventeddozensofitemsthatAmericansuseeveryday,intheirclothing,grooming,anddining.Masoncallshimself"aninventorofordinary,everydayproductsnothigh-tech,butcommon,usefulthings."

43/56dentalflossdispensers"instant"splintscastsforbrokenlimbs44/56

squeezableketchupbottlegranolabarsheatedpizzaboxesstringlessBand-Aid?packaging45/56Pra15Microwavecookware（微波廚具）46/56Pra16Popcornkernels玉米粒

mushroom-cloud

蘑菇云acloudsuggestingtheshapeofamushroom,esp.fromanuclearexplosion47/56虛擬語(yǔ)氣Pra18Fermiwouldhaveapproved.翻譯：假如費(fèi)米知道話他也會(huì)為之鼓掌。這是一句虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過去虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這句話應(yīng)該省略了從句，“IfFermihadknownthis,”表示與過去情況相反虛擬，主句用would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞形式，從句用had+過去分詞48/56寫作技巧分析1，thetitlepointsoutthethemeofthetext.Atfirst,thewriterdescribetheone-questionquizthathehasdesignedwhichisveryappealingtoreaders.2,Inthebodyofthetext,theauthorsetanexampleFermiProblemstosupporthisopinionthesignificanceoftheartofsmartguessing.3,theconclusionechoesthebeginning.4,thewritercombineddescriptions,anecdotes,opinionsandfactsintoahighlyindividualexpositoryessay.49/56Fromtheessay,whatcanyouinferaboutthewriter?Firstofall,thewriterisimaginative,creative,original,intelligentandwell-informed,ascanbeseenfromtheone-questionquizhedesignedandhowhearrivedattheapproximatelycorrectanswer,aswellasfromtheexamplehesupplied.50/56Secondly,heattachesgreatimportancetotheselectionofclever,talented,imaginative,andknowledgeablecandidatesforjobs,whichisclearlyseenfromhisone-questionquiz.

Thirdly,heisscientific-minded,whichisevidencedbythefactthathepossessesagoodunderstandingofthelawofav