初中英語語法之定語從句課件省公開課金獎(jiǎng)全國賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

定語從句(Attributiveclause)1/44一.定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用詞、短語（動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中慣用‘……’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，另外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也能夠來擔(dān)任，也能夠由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾詞之后，作后置定語。2/441.概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞句子.

普通緊跟在它所修飾先行詞之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容詞作定語句子作定語,修飾girl,叫做定語從句二.定語從句3/441.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:

Theman

whoisspeakingatthemeeting

isafarmer.4/44Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并為一個(gè)句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.5/44先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why2.結(jié)構(gòu)：

先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾詞叫先行詞。通常位于定語從句之前。4.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞作用A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成份6/44

關(guān)系詞通常有以下三個(gè)作用：A、___________；B、_____________；C、________________________。The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

定語從句先行詞關(guān)系詞“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語從句中作主語。引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成份7/44三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，在口語和非正式語體中慣用who代替，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho8/443.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。

1)Thepeople__________cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主語)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做賓語)做主語做賓語that/whothat/whom/who9/44小結(jié)：that:既可指人,也可指物.作主語,不能省略；作賓語,能夠省略。which:指物,作主語,不能省略;作賓語,能夠省略.who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略,（慣用whom）

10/44注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)坍毀了房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose11/44四.修飾物體時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和

which區(qū)分(一)不用that情況1.在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。

1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(___)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(____)2.介詞后不能用。

1)Wedependonthelandfrom______wegetourfood.2)Wedependontheland_____________wegetourfoodfrom.錯(cuò)對(duì)whichthat/which12/44(二)只能用that作為定語從句關(guān)系代詞情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：

1)Have

you

taken

down

everything

___

Mr.

Li

said?

李老師講你都記下來嗎？

2)All

____

can

be

done

has

been

done.

全部能做都做好了。

3)There

is

little

_____I

can

do

for

you.

我不能為你干什么。thatthatthat

13/44注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶然也可用關(guān)系代who，如：

1)Any

man

__________

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

dosuch

a

thing.

任何有責(zé)任感人都不會(huì)做這么事。

2)All

the

guests___________

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

全部應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮客人都是主要人物。that

/

who

that

/

who14/442．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

The

first

place

______

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

This

is

the

best

film______

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我看過最好電影。that

that15/444．當(dāng)先行詞被the

very,

the

only,thelast修飾時(shí)。

1)This

is

the

very

dictionary

_____

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買詞典。

2)After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

_____

he

owns.

家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他唯一擁有。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶然也可用關(guān)系代詞who。

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

______

will

attend

the

meeting.

王華是我校唯一出席會(huì)議人。thatthatwho16/445．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時(shí)。如：

1)Who

is

the

man_____

is

standing

by

the

gate?

站在門口那個(gè)人是誰？

2)Which

is

the

T-shirt

______

fits

me

most?

哪件T恤衫最合我身？6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時(shí)。如：

1)They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

________

they

remembered

at

school

他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鹪谛r(shí)人和事。

2)Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

______

are

walking

up

the

street.

瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來人和他

毛驢。

thatthatthatthat17/44Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.which/thatwhose18/444.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that19/447.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat20/44句子翻譯1.這就是救了那個(gè)孩子命醫(yī)生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步那個(gè)人是我叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.21/443.我喜歡能夠隨之而唱音樂.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁那個(gè)女是一名教師.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.22/44Exercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that23/445.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.24/44Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.25/444.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時(shí)，或中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat26/44where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)定語從句。1)Shanghaiisthecity_______Iwasborn.=>Shanghaiisthecity_______wasbornin.2)Thehouse_______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Thehouse_______Ilivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why在句中作狀語。wherewhichwherewhich27/442.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語

也可做連接詞用.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametotheschool.2)Thetime______wegottogetherfinallycame.3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.whenwhenwhywhy28/44六.關(guān)系副詞when,where和關(guān)系代詞that,which區(qū)分一樣是修飾一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，有時(shí)使用where，有時(shí)使用that/which；一樣是修飾一個(gè)時(shí)間，有時(shí)使用when，有時(shí)使用that/which。這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一是定語從句是否完整；二是定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。請(qǐng)比較以下句子：29/441)Thisisthepark______wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthepark______weheldabirthdayparty.3)Shewon’tforgetthedays_____shespentontheisland.4)Shewon’tforgetthedays_______theystayedtogether.5)That’sthedate_______wewenttothecollege.6)That’sthedate_____shewon’tforgetforever.7)Ilikethetime______welivedtogether.8)Ilikethetime______wehadtogether.

thatwherethat

whenwhenthatwhenthat30/442.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和“介詞+which”之間關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why能夠用“適當(dāng)介詞+which”來替換。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介詞位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。31/44(1)Thereason_______________herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyear________________hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Thisistheroom____________________Ilived.=Thisistheroom__________Ilivedin.(4)Tomstillremembersthedays______________

theylivedinTianjin.Why()when()where()inwhichinwhichforwhichwhichwhen(

)inwhich32/44注意：1）介詞后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）一些在從句中充當(dāng)初間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)能夠同關(guān)系副when,where和why交換。

33/441)Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedtwoyearsago.=>ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2)Doyouremembertheday＿＿＿＿＿youjoinedourclub?=>Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3)Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=>Thisisthereason____________hecamelate.inwhichonwhichforwhich34/44Exercise1.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat2.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that35/441.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why36/443.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why37/445.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why38/44一.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronounsandadverbs..1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin______youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.thatwhichthatthatthat39/446.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,______wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.9.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?10.Isthistheroom______welivedbefore?11.Thisi