專題01完形填空之記敘文（精講）（原題版）

專題01完形填空之記敘文（精講）考點考點精講【題型概述】中考英語完形填空旨在全面考查考生英語基礎(chǔ)知識，閱讀理解能力，和綜合運用語言的能力。完形填空的命題原則是“以實詞為主，虛詞為輔，突出詞匯語境化”能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運用詞類和詞語的正確搭配。具有一定的語言運用能力，綜合分析能力和詞匯辨析能力、閱讀理解能力、邏輯推理和判斷能力，歸納能力。以語篇為載體,測試語言知識和語言能力?？疾閮?nèi)容：1.試題以名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點，淡化對介詞，連詞，冠詞等結(jié)構(gòu)的考察，測試學(xué)生在具體情境中靈活運用所學(xué)知識的能力。2.實詞中偏重于對動詞和名詞的考查，同時對形容詞、副詞以及其他詞類的考查。試題以情境意義選擇為主，純語法性選擇近年已趨近于零。3.降低對單詞考查的要求，突出對文章整體內(nèi)容理解能力的考查以及同義詞與近義詞的比較分辨。需要具備的學(xué)習(xí)素質(zhì)和能力：詞匯，語法，長難句分析。能力要求：1.牢固、扎實、熟練的英語語法知識和豐富的英語詞匯知識。2.英語閱讀理解能力,良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，熟練的閱讀技巧。3.分析認識文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理解領(lǐng)會文章各部分、各層次之間邏輯關(guān)系的能力。4.邏輯思維能力。特別是總結(jié)概括、推理判斷和分析歸納的能力。包括情景推理判斷、常識推理判斷、逆向推理判斷及比較推理判斷等。5.完型填空的能力目標要求牢固、扎實、熟練的英語語法知識和豐富的英語詞匯知識。6.扎實的英語詞匯、短語、慣用法等英語固定搭配的知識。特別是英語詞匯意義和用法的辨析能力。在閱讀中捕捉記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。【命題解讀】完形填空記敘文選材內(nèi)容源于真實生活，以人物思想和行為為中心，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)等正能量。以時間或空間的變化為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)束來展開敘述；時態(tài)上多以一般過去時為主，其他時態(tài)為輔；1.語義優(yōu)先于語法原則文章的開頭部分尤其是第一句話不設(shè)空格，它起到的作用是對所選短文的題材和可能涉及的內(nèi)容作簡單的介紹或提示，并且單純的語法題已從該題型中逐漸消失。如果一味按照語法規(guī)則來選擇答案，就必定陷入了答題誤區(qū)。2.詞內(nèi)選項句內(nèi)找原則四個選擇項要么都是詞義相近的名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，要么都是近義動詞的同一時態(tài)等，只能根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確的選擇。如果提供的四個選擇項詞義相差懸殊，則上文或下文肯定有答題提示，有時第一個空格要讀完全文才能回答?！緫?yīng)試技巧】1、了解記敘文的六要素記敘文，無論是記人還是敘事，都會交代清楚時間、地點、人物、事件、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果，即記敘文的“六要素”。弄清了這六個要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。2、明確作者的寫作目的就事論事一般來說不是作者記敘的目的，作者往往通過敘述闡明個道理。作者總是為了某個目的，在情節(jié)選擇和細節(jié)描寫上作出合理的安排。讀者明晰了寫作目的，就能抓住文章的主旨。3、讀懂作者的觀點或態(tài)度解題時要認真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某種態(tài)度敘事或描述人。為了增加試題難度，命題人往往采用變化的形式，考生只有在語境的指導(dǎo)下，對文章進行邏輯推斷，才能推出文字之下的深層信息。4、弄清作者敘述的視角弄清文章是以第幾人稱的視角展開記敘的。通常英語記敘文展開記敘的視角有兩個:第一人稱和第三人稱。用第一人稱就是從”參與者”的角度進行記敘，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者態(tài)度和感情。用第三人稱就是以“觀察者”的身份展開敘述，作者的語氣客觀，與讀者保持定距高，讀者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的寫作角度有助于我們抓住作者思維，深入理解文章的意義，把握好語境。課堂課堂典例（一）、利用文章首句信息解題完形填空首先考查的就是考生對文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空時，應(yīng)把它作為一個意思連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的語篇，而不是單項選擇。首句或前幾句話都是完整的，為考生提供足夠的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，這里往往包含主題句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的關(guān)鍵，可以幫助考生判斷全文大意甚至全文主題。所以利用首句信息解題是處理完形填空中任何問題都必須遵循的步驟，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我們才可以通過上下文確定文章所要前進的方向?！臼纠縄twasacoldwinterafternoonbeforeChristmas.MyparentsandIsatonthebenchinUnionRailwayStationinWashingtonD．C,waitingforthe____1____.Insidethewaitinghallweremanypeople.1．A．train B．bus C．plane D．car【示例】Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits（學(xué)分）...ImanagedtogetanAinthat__1__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe2classroom．1．A.game B．testC．course D．experiment（二）、利用上下文邏輯關(guān)系解題完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關(guān)系，若在解題時忽視這一點，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關(guān)系不外乎有列舉、并列、因果、讓步、對照、遞進、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設(shè)置選項，因此在平時學(xué)習(xí)時就應(yīng)該分清并牢記相關(guān)連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關(guān)系?！臼纠縒henBillylookedthroughboxes,walkedthroughpapers____48____didsomecleaning,hefoundallkindsoflittletreasures.Hefoundoldtoys,manybooksandfunnypicturesofhisparents.Thepicturesweretaken____49____theywereyounger.Billyfound48．A．or B．but C．so D．a(chǎn)nd【示例】Onthedayoftherace,justbeforetherace,myfathersaidtome,“Don’trunoutofallyourenergy(能量)atthe___65___oftherace.Youneedtohaveenergy,___66___youcanrunmuchfasterattheend.”66．A．because B．so C．since D．but（三）、利用排比結(jié)構(gòu)解題 “排比結(jié)構(gòu)”指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似，意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)，語法一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。排比結(jié)構(gòu)的形式整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密。試題命制者常從排比結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其表現(xiàn)意義的關(guān)聯(lián)或?qū)Ρ冗@一特點來設(shè)空。【示例】Wewerealltouched.Dad_____13_____andsoonreturnedwithcupsofhotchocolateandapizza.MumandDadwentuptothoserags,“Excuseme...”13．A．wentaway B．tookaway C．putaway D．gaveaway（四）、利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題 由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，它往往要圍繞一個話題論述，因此行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代或同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，即某一詞常常以原詞、同義詞或近義詞以及其它形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的語用意義使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個完整和有機的意義整體。根據(jù)這一原則，某一個空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以這些詞之間的有機聯(lián)系來決定答案?！臼纠縄startedtoloverunningatayoungage.Ilovedtoracemyfatherandmysisteraroundourbig___61___.IwishedIcouldrunintheOlympicsandwinlotsofmedals........I___63___thenextfewdayspracticingformybigrace.Mysistersetupatableinthebackyardsoshecould___64___mewaterandtimeme.61．A．garden B．playground C．house D．backyard【示例】Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis__41__processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手語)．41．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal（五）、利用對比結(jié)構(gòu)解題對比結(jié)構(gòu)常把兩種對立的事物或同一事物的兩個不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ取８呖纪晷翁羁疹}常常利用句子之間的對比關(guān)系或者同一個句子的不同部分之間的對比關(guān)系設(shè)計題目。【示例】Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47__.ThebookmadeCousinsthinkaboutthepossible__48__ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.47.A.attitudes B.beliefs C.goals D.positions48.A.shorting B.harm C.benefit D.interest【示例】“Ofcourse,we22.noticeitwhenthesunisshining，”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis__23__，butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona24.cloudyday.”23．A.emptyB．blueC．high D．wide（六）、利用詞匯差異解題詞匯是完形填空的最大的考點,主要是對實義詞的考查，如名詞，形容詞、動詞，副詞等。上海卷完形填空已經(jīng)很少從語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析或詞匯的固定搭配角度來設(shè)置考點，測試要點主要是詞意或用法辨析。解答此類題目時考生只需辨別意思即可，而對于同義或近義詞，一定要結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)句意做出判斷。有時從單句看．似乎不止只有一個答案。必須結(jié)合上下文在含義和用法等多方面加以考慮才能做出選擇。【示例】…fortestinghisnewinvention—UmbrellaHat.Hecouldhardlywaittoseewhetheritcouldkeeptherainoff.Hecarefully14thehatonhisheadandstartedwalking…14．A.raisedB．placedC．droppedD．repaired【示例】Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,buthealwaystriedhisbestinwhateverothersweredoing.Thatwaswhy____18____noneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualforhimtojointhecrosscountryteam.18．A．hardlyB．nearly C．exactly D．probably（七）、利用作者情感態(tài)度來解題第一遍通讀時，應(yīng)在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，著重尋找反映語境褒貶性的標志性詞匯或句子，這些標志性詞匯或句子往往對文章的語境褒貶性起著決定性的作用，因此，我們有時候可以根據(jù)作者對人物或事情的褒貶性來排除干擾做出正確的選擇。Onedayithappened,asmallholeformedinthecocoonandthebutterflystartedtostruggle(掙扎)toeout.Atfirsttheboywas____16____,butsoonhebecameworried.Thebutterflywasstrugglingsohard.16．A．shockedB．relaxed C．excited D．disappointed【示例】Ifiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustas59.closetoitasIamtomydogs，”saysEhlers.“Ifithadbeenmydog,I’dhopethatsomebodywouldbe__16__togothatextramile.”A.suitableB．proudC．wise D．Willing（八）、依據(jù)常識，確定答案完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識。知識范圍越廣，越有利于文章的理解。因而答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷，最終確定答案?！臼纠俊癐willdisplaythreebestinventionsinmyshop.I'msureyouwillhavea(n)15ofwinningaprize.”15．A.choiceB．chanceC．excuseD．experience仿真仿真演練一、完形填空Jennylivedinasmallvillage.Whenshewasachild,whatshelikedtodomostwastowatchtheblueskyandenjoybirdsflyingfreelyinthesky.Shealways1thatsomedayshecouldalsoflylikeabird.WhenJennywasinthefourthgrade,herteacheraskedthemtowriteapassageabouttheir2.Init,shewrotethatshewantedtobeeanairplanepilotinthefuture.However,tohersurprise,herpapercamebackwithan“F”onit.Jennyfelt3andsad.Inherheart,shedidn’twantto4herteacher’sopinion.Whywasitimpossible?Butthepeople5Jennydidn’tsupportherandtoldheroverandoveragain,“Girls6beepilots;neverhave,andneverwill.You’recrazy.”Finally,Jennyfelthopelessand7herdream.Jennywasintheseniorhighschoolseveral8later.OnedayherEnglishteacher,Mrs.Slaton,gavetheclassa9aboutwhattheywouldbedoinginthefuture.Jennythoughthardaboutit,“Pilot?Noway!Artist?Notalent!Waitress?Icandoit.”10shewroteitdown.WhatJennywrotesurprisedMrs.Slaton,”Isthatwhatyouarereallyinterestedin?Ithinkyouwillbe11todosomethingfullofmorechallenges.”Jeanfeltexcited,butshewasstill12thatshewouldbelaughedatagain.Theteachercontinued,”Everyoneofyouowntalent.Ifyoudon’tgoforyourdream,13willdoitforyou.”Hearingthat,withgreatcourageshewrotedownherolddream.Mrs.Slaton’swords14Jennyalot.Aftertenyearsofhardwork,Jenny’sdreamcametrue.Shebecameoneofthefirstthreewomen15intheworld.Sticktoyourdreamifit’swhatyoureallywant!1．A．imagined B．realized C．a(chǎn)greed D．suggested2．A．interests B．dreams C．families D．hobbies3．A．tired B．nervous C．stupid D．disappointed4．A．learn B．a(chǎn)ccept C．show D．discuss5．A．with B．including C．a(chǎn)round D．except6．A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．daren’t7．A．sentup B．gaveup C．putup D．madeup8．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years9．A．suggestion B．notice C．present D．task10．A．Before B．Though C．Unless D．So11．A．a(chǎn)ble B．glad C．ready D．relaxed12．A．thankful B．excited C．worried D．regretful13．A．nobody B．somebody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．everybody14．A．praised B．encouraged C．required D．punished15．A．a(chǎn)rtists B．waitresses C．pilots D．teachers二、完形填空ItwasacoldwindywinterdayandIwaswalkinghomefromwork.Myheadpointeddownagainstthe1whenInoticedanoldlady.Shewas2onthesidewalkinherhouseslippers(拖鞋)AsI3her,Isawthatshewaswellintoher80s,andshewasholdingsome4inherhands.Iwalkedonandarrivedatthetrafficlight.Waitingthere,Isawthemailbox5thestreet.Thelightturnedgreen,butIpretended(假裝)tocheckmyphoneandwaitedforhertocatchupwithme.Inthisneighborhood,evencrossingwiththegreenlightwas6.Driversoftendrove7throughredlightsandstopsigns.Istayedthereuntilshe8me.Iturnedtoherandtouchedhergentlyonthearm.Shesmiledandtookmyhandinhersand9it.Hersmallhandwassoftandwarm.Handinhand,wewerewaitingforthe10tochange.Whenthelightturnedgreen,wewalkedtogetherslowlyacrossthestreet,11thelettersinthemailbox.ThenItookher12acrossthestreet.AsIwalkedtherestofthewayhome,Icouldstillfeelthe13ofherhandinmyown.Peoplesaythefirstlanguageofallhumansis14.Acaringtouchhelpstomakeabadsituation45.Andevennow,everytimeIthinkoftheoldlady,Icanstillfeelthepoweroftouch.1．A．crowd B．snow C．wind D．rain2．A．begging B．walking C．running D．riding3．A．knew B．expected C．missed D．passed4．A．letters B．pictures C．books D．flowers5．A．a(chǎn)cross B．over C．through D．behind6．A．strange B．crazy C．dangerous D．safe7．A．carefully B．quietly C．wildly D．calmly8．A．called B．reached C．found D．caught9．A．pushed B．pulled C．hit D．held10．A．way B．light C．ride D．traffic11．A．took B．sent C．dropped D．locked12．A．forward B．back C．a(chǎn)way D．a(chǎn)head13．A．warmth B．trust C．care D．love14．A．help B．kindness C．touch D．a(chǎn)ction15．A．interesting B．necessary C．popular D．hopeful三、完形填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Itwasoneofthehottestdaysofthedryseason.Wehadnotseen1inalmostamonth.Thecropsweredying.Cowshadstoppedgiving2.Ifwedidn’tseesomerainsoonwewouldloseeverything.Iwas

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overanhourwalking7tothewoods,thenrunningbacktothehouse.Finally,Iwasso

8thatIwentoutofthehouseand9himonhisjourney.Hewascuppingboth10infrontofhimashewalked;beingverycarefulnottospillthewaterheheldinthem.Branchesandthorns(荊棘)slappedhislittlefacebuthedidnottryto11them.AsIcameclosetohim,Isawthemostamazingscene.Severallarge12appearedthreatening(威脅）infrontofhim.ButBillywalkedrightuptothem.Ialmost13forhimtogetaway.AndIsawababydeerlyingontheground,obviouslysuffering（遭難）fromheavylossofwater,14itsheadtodrinkthewatercuppedinmybeautifulboy’shands.Istoodontheedgeofthewoodswatchingthemostbeautiful15workingsohardtosavea

life.Asmytearsbegantohittheground,theyweresuddenlyjoinedbyotherdrops...andmoredrops...andmore.1．A．wind B．snow C．rain D．cloud2．A．food B．drink C．water D．milk3．A．livingroom B．kitchen C．bedroom D．study4．A．woods B．river C．lake D．house5．A．sadness B．success C．effort D．confidence6．A．behaviour B．a(chǎn)ctivity C．mood D．feeling7．A．quickly B．hurriedly C．carelessly D．carefully8．A．a(chǎn)ngry B．sad C．curious D．calm9．A．waitedfor B．lookedfor C．followed D．hit10．A．hands B．a(chǎn)rms C．legs D．feet11．A．face B．cut C．prevent D．a(chǎn)void12．A．horses B．cows C．deer D．sheep13．A．screamed B．rushed C．made D．laughed14．A．shake B．lift C．put D．hit15．A．heart B．head C．hair D．face四、完形填空閱讀下面短文，理解其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Onebrightmorning,IwasoutformyusualrunwhenImetanelderlylady.Shewaswavingher1atmeandspeakinginalanguageIcouldn’tunderstand.Itseemedlikeshewasinahurrytogosomewhere.Iquicklyrealizedthatshewas2andcouldn’tspeakanyEnglish.Sheshowedmesomemapscreenshots(截屏),butIhadnoidea3toreadthem.SoIsoondownloadedatranslationappwhichwecoulduseto4.Shespokeintothemicrophoneinherlanguage,andittranslatedherwordsintoEnglishfor5tounderstand.Knowingwhatshemeant,Igavemy6andinthisway,wewereabletomunicate!ThenI7thatsheneededtogohome,whichwasalongwalkaway.Shedidn’twanttogotherebybusorbycar.SoIofferedto8hertoabusstopwhereshecouldaskherdaughterforaride.Ontheway,wejokedandlaughed,9wecouldn’tunderstandeachother’slanguage.Itwasaprettyfunexperience!Theelderlyladywasvery10formyhelpandmytime.Ihadtokeepremindingherthatitwasno11atallandthatIwashappytohelp.Itwasamazinghowjustasmallactof12madesuchabigdifferencetoher.13,wereachedthebusstopandshemadehercall.Wesaidourgoodbyesandshesentmeaheartwarmingmessagethatmademe14thegoodnessofhumans.Eventhoughweusedtechnology,itwas15thatwecouldhelpeachotheroutandnotbestoppedbyourdifferentlanguages.Ifyouwant,thereisalwaysawaytohelp.1．A．hat B．phone C．map D．newspaper2．A．lost B．hungry C．ill D．tired3．A．when B．where C．how D．why4．A．learn B．review C．municate D．search5．A．me B．her C．them D．it6．A．examples B．replies C．reasons D．choices7．A．checked B．reported C．realized D．expressed8．A．walk B．drive C．push D．lift9．A．unless B．while C．because D．though10．A．thankful B．peaceful C．careful D．hopeful11．A．worry B．use C．excuse D．trouble12．A．kindness B．happiness C．loneliness D．shyness13．A．Actually B．Normally C．Suddenly D．Finally14．A．giveup B．lookinto C．believein D．leaveout15．A．fair B．mon C．fascinating D．lucky五、完形填空通讀下面文章，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選一個最佳選項。JasmineandBethThomsonaresistersbutthey’reverydifferent.Paleskinned(蒼白的)Jasminehasgotlong,whitehairandwhiteeyebrows.1,hersister,Beth,isdarkhairedandherskinisalsoquitedark.Whenyou’reapersonwithalbinism(白化病)likeJasmine,peoplesometimesaren’tverynice.ButJasmineisalwaysa2andconfidentperson.Whentheywalkdownthestreet,somepeople3Jasminestrangely,andoneortwomakements,butJasminedoesn’treact4.“Peoplesometimessaybadthingsaboutyou,”shesays.“Oftenthisisbecausethey