Unit2Understandingeachother長(zhǎng)難句分析課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit1Reading1Theevolutionofvideoandsounddevices高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修（第四冊(cè)）B7Unit2UnderstandingeachotherForthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe2(six)century,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,3RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.

Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,4alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,5(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage

6

(intend)foreveryone.7(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility8

savingtheirenvironment.

Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty9(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill10(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.1.toteach用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)2.sixthcentury“世紀(jì)”前面要用序數(shù)詞3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句4.where非限定性定語(yǔ)從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)5.borrowing邏輯主語(yǔ)herfable與borrow之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系6.intended在句中作定語(yǔ)，beintendedfor打算為……所用7.Different所以用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，bedifferentfrom與……不同8.for

takeresponsibilityfor(對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé))9.warning根據(jù)句中不定冠詞a可知，用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式10.beemployed

從句主語(yǔ)asimplelyricform與employ之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)答案Learningaims:Bytheendofthisclass,youwillbeableto:Learntoanalyzelongandcomplexsentences;

Learntousesentencepatternsandgetmuchwritingpractice.Pattern1Theycouldbeinterpretedasawelcominggreetingfromaclosefriend,especiallyifaccompaniedbyagentlesmile.它們可以解讀成來(lái)自一位好朋友的歡迎問(wèn)候，尤其是伴隨著溫柔的微笑時(shí)。句式剖析：ifaccompaniedby...為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致（或從句主語(yǔ)是it），且從句謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。這些狀語(yǔ)從句常由when,while,once,if,unless,though,although,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)。狀語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞／過(guò)去分詞／不定式／介詞短語(yǔ)／名詞／形容詞翻譯:If（youare）acceptedforthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.While

(Iwas)reading,Iheardthephonering.If

(youare)

indoubt,consultyourdoctor.拓展：有一些約定俗成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：ifpossible如果可能的話(huà)ifnecessary如果必要的話(huà)ifany如果有的話(huà)ifso如果是這樣的話(huà)ifnot如果不是這樣的話(huà)whennecessary當(dāng)有必要時(shí)Pattern2Asmileshowsyouareattentivetotheissuesbeingdiscussed,whilelookingawaywithyourarmsfoldedcanindicatedisinterestandcreatedistrustorfriction.微笑表明你對(duì)正在討論的問(wèn)題很關(guān)注，而雙臂交叉、看向別處則會(huì)表示你不感興趣，這樣會(huì)造成不信任或引起摩擦。句式剖析：while作并列連詞表對(duì)比While/but區(qū)別Honeyissweet,

thebeestings.蜂蜜是甜的，但蜜蜂會(huì)蜇人。Thesonwashavingagoodmealathome,

theparentswereworkinginthefields.兒子在家吃美餐，而父母卻在田里勞作。while作并列連詞，意為“而，然而”，表對(duì)比。but表轉(zhuǎn)折。but

whilePattern3However,someissuesmaybecomplicatedandyoumaybeconfusedaboutwhyothersfeeltheway

theydo.然而，有些問(wèn)題可能是復(fù)雜的，你可能會(huì)對(duì)其他人為什么會(huì)有那樣的感受或行為感到困惑。句式剖析：theway＋定語(yǔ)從句,theway作先行詞，后接的定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可省略引導(dǎo)詞。翻譯：InEnglish,wordsarenotalwaysspelledtheway(that/inwhich)theysound.在英語(yǔ)中，單詞并不總是按照它們的發(fā)音來(lái)拼寫(xiě)。拓展：theway的這種用法，還可以理解為：1.theway相當(dāng)于as，意為“按照，正如”。Theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.房間按照她想要的方式完成了。2.theway相當(dāng)于how，意為“如何，怎樣”。Ishalldotheworkthewaymyfatherdid.我會(huì)像我父親那樣做這項(xiàng)工作。Pattern4Moreimportantly,whetheryouapproveofthespeaker'swordsornot,youneedtobehonestinyourresponse.更重要的是，無(wú)論你是否贊同說(shuō)話(huà)者的話(huà)，你都需要誠(chéng)實(shí)地回答。句式剖析：whether...ornot引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。whether除了用于whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用于whether..ornot，whetherornot...結(jié)構(gòu)，這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。翻譯：不管你是否相信，它都是真的。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.拓展：whether...or..“不管......還是......，無(wú)論......還是......”，在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示在從句所提供的兩種選擇之下，主句所表示的結(jié)果都一樣；作“是......還是......”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，用于提供兩種選擇。真題填空：Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.

答案：37.tobite

38.orPattern5SomepeoplesaythattheUKandtheUSAaretwocountriesthatareseparatedbyacommonlanguage.有人說(shuō)英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被一種共同的語(yǔ)言分開(kāi)的兩個(gè)國(guó)家。分析句式變化：Itissaidthat...Sb./Sth.issaidtodo...Sb./Sth.issaidtobedoing...Sb./Sth.issaidtohavedone...比較不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化：PeoplesaythathehasmovedtoChicago.=ItissaidthathehasmovedtoChicago.=HeissaidtohavemovedtoChicago.人們說(shuō)／據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)搬到芝加哥了。Pattern6NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.我剛開(kāi)始了解英國(guó)人的溝通方式就到要回家的時(shí)候了。句式剖析：Nosoonerhadsb.done...than...某人一做完......就......使用nosooner...than...與hardly／scarcely...when...時(shí)要注意主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)：nosooner與hardly／scarcely所在的主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而than與when引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。翻譯：她剛說(shuō)完，淚水便奪眶而出。Nosoonerhadshesaiditthansheburstintotears.拓展：表示“一......就......”的其他表達(dá)：1.assoonas/themoment/minute/instant/second（名詞用作連詞）＋句子2.immediately／directly/instantly（副詞用作連詞）＋句子3.On/Upondoing...Pattern7Thereweretimeswhenquestionslike“Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam,please?”wouldbemetwiththereply“WhywouldImind？”有些時(shí)候，像“你介意把果醬遞給我嗎？”這樣的問(wèn)題會(huì)得到“我為什么會(huì)介意？”這樣的回答。句式剖析：Therewasatimewhen...／Thereweretimeswhen...曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)期......／曾經(jīng)......This/Thatwasatimewhen...這／那是一個(gè)......時(shí)期。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾atime／times拓展：It／This／Thatisthefirst／second／...time（that）...這是／那是第一／二／......次......，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second/...time（that）...這是／那是第一／二......次......，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。翻譯：這是我第一次游覽長(zhǎng)城。Itis/wasthefirsttimeIhavevisited/hadvisitedtheGreatWall.區(qū)分：Itisforthefirsttimethat...Pattern8Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChinesewordwhichmeans“toseparate”.這是因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中與“傘”對(duì)應(yīng)的字聽(tīng)起來(lái)像另一個(gè)字，意思是“分開(kāi)”。比較：1.This／That／Itisbecause...這／那是因?yàn)?.....（because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，后接原因）2.This／That／Itiswhy...這／那就是為什么......（why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，后接結(jié)果）3.Thereason(why...)

isthat...(......的）原因是......（why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）翻譯：我開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，因?yàn)槲业能?chē)路上壞了。Iwaslateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausemycarbrokedownontheway.=Mycarbrokedownontheway.ThatwaswhyIwaslateforthemeeting.=ThereasonwhyIwaslateforthemeetingwasthatmycarbrokedownontheway.Pattern9Thiscomesasnosurprise,giventhatEnglishhasborrowedwordsfrommorethan300differentlanguages,includingLatin,Greek,FrenchandChinese.這并不奇怪，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)已從300多種不同的語(yǔ)言中借用了詞匯，包括拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)。句式剖析：Given/Providing/Supposing/

Onthecondition

that...考慮到......，鑒于......拓展：givenprep.考慮到；鑒于翻譯：如果他有更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)把工作做得更好。Providing/Supposingthathehasmoretime,hewilldoabetterjob.Ontheconditionthathehasmo