虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識

I'dratherbea

sparrow

thana

snail.

YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherbeahammar

thana

nail

.

YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

Away,I'drather

sailaway.

Likeaswanthat'shereandgone.

Amangetstiedup

totheground.

Hegivestheworld.It'ssaddestsound,

I'dratherbeaforest

thana

street.

YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherfeeltheearth

beneathmyfeet,

YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第1頁1.英語動詞有三種語氣，陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。2.

定義：用來表示說話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小情況，而是一個愿望，提議，假設語氣叫虛擬語氣。一、虛擬語氣定義虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第2頁Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,

Iwillvisityou.

IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虛擬條件句）

(真實條件句）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第3頁What

would

youdoifyou

wonthelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第4頁IfI

won

thelottery,I

wouldbuyanexpensivecar.(與現(xiàn)在事實相反）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第5頁IfI

wonthelottery,

I

would

buyavilla.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第6頁一、普通條件句中虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動詞be用were實義動詞do用didwouldshould

+dosthcouldmight未來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第7頁If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.假如他努力學話，他就經(jīng)過這次考試。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當初我和她結(jié)了婚話，那我是很不幸。與過去事實相反虛擬條件句虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第8頁Ifhe

hadgot

upearly,

he

wouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（與過去事實相反）假如他早起，他就不會上學遲到。虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第9頁Ifhe__________（drive)morecarefully,he

_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.（與過去事實相反）haddriven

wouldnothavehad

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第10頁IfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.（與過去事實相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeen虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第11頁IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegone虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第12頁IfIhowtoswim,Itrappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第13頁Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,

themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第14頁假如我接收了他提議，我就不會犯錯誤IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethemistake.假如我在那里，這件事就不會發(fā)生IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.假如你讀了我書，你就會知道我理論Ifyouhadreadmybook,youwouldhaveknownmytheory假如你參加了考試，你就會得到證書Ifyouhadtakentheexam,youwouldhavegotyourcertificate.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第15頁造句練習IfIhad.......,Iwouldhave........虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第16頁一、普通條件句中虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動詞be用were實義動詞do用didwouldshould

+dosthcouldmight未來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第17頁假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看見我,就會認識我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第18頁IfI.....tomorrow,Iwould....假如我明天不來，我就是在家睡覺呢IfIdidn'tcometomorrow,Iwouldsleepinmyhome假如我明天去看電影，我就不能去造訪你父母了IfIwenttoseethefilmtomorrow,Iwouldn'tpayavisitonyourparents假如明天我喝多了，你就帶我回家IfIdrunktoomuchtomorrow,youcouldtakemehome虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第19頁Ifhewereto.....,Iwould...假如他明天告訴我實話，我就不處罰他Ifheweretotellmethetruthtomorrow,Iwouldnotpunishhim假如他明天去旅游，我就和他一起去Ifheweretotraveltomorrow,Iwouldgowithhim假如他明天參加比賽，我會非常開心Ifheweretojointhecompetitiontomorrow,Iwouldbeveryhappy虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第20頁一、普通條件句中虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去現(xiàn)在

未來虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第21頁一、普通條件句中虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動詞be用were實義動詞do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight未來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第22頁錯綜時間條件句

假設條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生時間與主句所假設謂語動詞不一致情況下虛擬語氣(錯綜時間條件句，這時動作形式應依據(jù)它所表示時間加以調(diào)整。

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第23頁

1.錯綜時間條件句if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反假設與過去事實相反假設與未來事實相反假設1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形If+主語+動詞過去式（be動詞普通用were)主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形即：If+普通過去時態(tài)（be動詞普通用were)If+主語+had+動詞過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句（4+1）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第24頁Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.假如你當初聽了我話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.假如我是你，我就去參加她生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第25頁Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第26頁假如我是你，我就該聽從他提議。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去假如你聽了我話，現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟糕了。從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在假如這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在能夠進行工作了。從句表過去進行，主句表現(xiàn)在進行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第27頁1.假如過去天氣好話，現(xiàn)在莊稼長得更加好了．Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.假如你聽了老師提議話，你現(xiàn)在就不會在醫(yī)院里了．Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.假如你身體情況好一些話，我們本可能會讓你去幫助他們工作．Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第28頁2.在虛擬條件句中，假如條件句中有were,had（助動詞）或should時，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應置于主語之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第29頁1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第30頁2.(if省略)倒裝虛擬條件句補充例句：要不是……(固定句式)Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenfor…,…Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…與過去事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反Butfor…要不是……虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第31頁(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣3.含蓄條件句有時為了表示需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導條件句，而經(jīng)過其它伎倆來代替條件句。虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第32頁含蓄條件句

(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可)consideration,…(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第33頁(5)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句．慣用介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第34頁1.Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.were;wouldwas;willhadbeen;wouldis;willExerciseA虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第35頁2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollowExerciseC虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第36頁3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.shouldlive;wouldspendwilllive;shouldspendareliving;shouldhavespentwillbeliving;wouldhavespentA虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第37頁4.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillExercisetomorrowB虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第38頁5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwin D.wouldhavewonExerciseB虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第39頁6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry________soserious.A.wouldn’tbe B.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeen D.wouldhavenotbeenExercisenowin1955A虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第40頁7．－Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.－Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_____.A.wouldn'tdie B.didn'tdie C.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavediedExerciseDhadrainednow虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第41頁8.

They____twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.getExerciseBotherwise虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第42頁9.—Whydidn’tyoubuytheflat?—I____，butIdidn’thavethemoney.wouldhaveB.boughtC.wouldliketoD.hadboughtExerciseAbut虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第43頁錯綜條件句練習假如我去年努力學習，那么我現(xiàn)在就知道答案了IfIhadstudiedhardlastyear,Iwouldknowtheanswernow假如我是你，我不會帶走那個孩子IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavetakenthatbabyaway假如我之前看見了老師，我現(xiàn)在就和他走了IfIhadseentheteacher,Iwouldgowithhimnow假如我認識他，我就能讓他幫助了IfIknewhim,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第44頁二.

名詞性從句虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、提議虛擬語氣。賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command三條提議：advise,suggest,propose四項要求：demand,require,request,ask

這些動詞后面賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣使用方法。即從句中動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第45頁1.我們提議Tom去休息一下。2.他果斷要求我到場。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。4.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?.WesuggestedthatTom2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.4.Theyrequestedthatwe3.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersshouldhavearest.(should)beShouldbekilledthenextday.shouldsendthemtoworkthere.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第46頁2、以上動詞對應名詞組成名詞性從句（包含主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中動詞形式一樣。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第47頁盡可能多用以下詞造名詞性從句suggestsuggestionadviseadviceproposeproposalrequirerequest虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第48頁三、幾個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣使用方法；1）wish

+賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)過去完成時(haddone)would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.(現(xiàn)在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未來)虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第49頁IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料明天不會下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過去would/might/woulddo未來虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第50頁虛擬語氣[例句]我希望她能站在我一邊。Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望自己能年輕三十歲。IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。

Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.他想要是他沒這么做該多好。Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.

虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中

虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第51頁造句練習我希望我現(xiàn)在還在高中IwishIwereinhighschoolnow我希望我現(xiàn)在正和我父母吃晚飯IwishIwerehavingadinnerwithmyparents我希望我在明天比賽中能贏得獎勵I(lǐng)wishIcouldwintheprizeinthegametomorrow.我希望我把門鎖上了IwishIhadlockedthedoor虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第52頁IwishI_____abird.were虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第53頁Iwisheveryday_____mybirthday.were虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第54頁Iwish/wishedI

____________(noteat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第55頁2）wouldratherthat-現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryou________(pay)menow.(現(xiàn)在)Iwouldratheryou_______(go)thereyesterday.(過去)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou_____(come)tomorrow.(未來)過去時過去時過去完成時paidme

hadgonecame虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第56頁3）asif/though+從句現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時過去完成時Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第57頁4).It’s（high）time+that-should+V.過去時你該走了。我們該睡覺了。It’shightimethatyou

.It’shightimethatyou

.It’stimethatwe

.It’stimethatwe

to

bed.wentshouldgowenttobedshouldgo虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第58頁5）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我們父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第59頁6）It’snecessary/strange/natural/importantapity+that---從句中動詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第60頁

1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israinedB精選習題2.

Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tgetB.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tget D.weredriving…wouldn’tgetB虛擬語氣byvictort專題知識第61頁

3.

Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.Bobhadwalkedfarther

B.ifBobshou