高二下學(xué)期英語階段性閱讀理解魔法帶練(14)講義

【passage23】①Whentemperaturesrise,humanssweat,dogspant(喘息),andcats..don'tmoveenoughtooverheat?Well,partially.Cats,whichneedtomaintainaninternalbodytemperatureof101°Fto102F,haveseveralmethodsforkeepingcoolinswelteringweather.②It'samisconceptionthatcatssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.Assummerwearsonyoumightseemoistpawprints,butasveterinarianKimberlyMaytoldTheWashingtonPost,“Anysecretions(分泌物)thereorfromtheirnose,mouth,ortonguearenotforsweating;they'reforprotectionandmoistureandareinsufficienttocooltheblood.”③Instead,catsrecreatethesweatingprocesswhichissimilartohuman'sviaevaporation(蒸發(fā))bygroomingthemselvesregularly.Thesaliva(唾液)fromtheirtonguesactslikesweatthatcoolstheirbodywhenitevaporateswhichiswhyyoucanalsohelpcoolyourcatdownbyusingadampwashclothtolightlywettheirfur.Inextremeweather,catswillalsopant,butunlikedogswhopantregularlytokeepthemselvescool,apantingcatisasignofmoredangerousoverheatingorotherseriousdiseases.④Andifyou'retemptedtoshaveyourfurfriendtohelpkeephimcooldon't!⑤“Furactsasathermalregulatortoslowdowntheprocessofheatabsorption,”JamesH.Jones,anexpertinparativeanimalexercisephysiologyandthermoregulationattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,toldTheWashingtonPost.⑥Furcoatsarehighlyevolvedinthewintertheykeepanimalswarm,butinthesummer,theyworkbothtoprotectdelicateskinfromthesunandslowdehydration,Jonesnotesthat,accordingtoresearch,shavedcamelsperformedworseinthedesertsthanthosewiththeirfurundamaged.⑦Butevenwiththesemethodsforkeepingcool,catsalsoneedtostayindoorstokeepfortable.Soeventhoughtheyevolvedfromwildancestorsandareabletotoughitout,leavetheairconditionerorafanonforyourcatswhenyougoout,andmakesuretoleavethemplentyofwater.【素材來源：湖北省荊門市20232024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題】83.Whatisthemonmisunderstandingofhowcatscoolthemselvesoff?A.Catspantregularlytokeepthemselvescool.B.Catsrarelyknowhowtocoolthemselvesdown.C.Catssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.D.Catsproducesecretionsfromtheirtongueforprotection.84.Howdoestheauthorclarifycats'recreatingthesweatingprocess?A.Bymakingparison.B.Byanalyzingdata.C.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.D.Bylistingnumbers.85.Whyareshavedcamelsmentionedinthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Toshowthecamelsareresistanttoheat.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofthefurcoats.C.Toillustratethefurcoatsarehighlyevolved.D.Toprovethefurcoatsunnecessaryinsummer.86.What'sthemainideaofthearticle?A.Changingpeople'swrongviewsoncats'cooling.B.Tellingustohelpcatscoolthemselvesinsummer.Uncoveringthesecretsofcatscoolingthemselvesoffparingcatswithotheranimalsonkeepingcool.【魔法帶練】串聯(lián)題干Whatisthemonmisunderstandingofhowcatscoolthemselvesoff?Howdoestheauthorclarifycats'recreatingthesweatingprocess?Whyareshavedcamelsmentionedinthelastbutoneparagraph?What'sthemainideaofthearticle?主題詞歸納：shavedcamels,cats,sweatingprocess83.Whatisthemonmisunderstandingofhowcatscoolthemselvesoff?關(guān)于貓如何給自己降溫，常見的誤解是什么?A.Catspantregularlytokeepthemselvescool.貓經(jīng)常喘氣以保持涼爽。B.Catsrarelyknowhowtocoolthemselvesdown.貓很少知道如何讓自己涼快下來。C.Catssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.貓通過爪子出汗來降溫。D.Catsproducesecretionsfromtheirtongueforprotection.貓從舌頭分泌分泌物來保護(hù)自己。同義替換：misconception=misunderstanding②It'samisconceptionthatcatssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.貓通過爪子出汗來降溫是一種誤解。Assummerwearsonyoumightseemoistpawprints,butasveterinarianKimberlyMaytoldTheWashingtonPost,“Anysecretions(分泌物)thereorfromtheirnose,mouth,ortonguearenotforsweating;they'reforprotectionandmoistureandareinsufficienttocooltheblood.”84.Howdoestheauthorclarifycats'recreatingthesweatingprocess?作者是如何解釋貓重現(xiàn)出汗過程的?A.Bymakingparison.通過比較（通過轉(zhuǎn)折的行文邏輯透視比較）B.Byanalyzingdata.通過分析數(shù)據(jù)C.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.通過解釋因果關(guān)系。D.Bylistingnumbers.通過列出數(shù)字②It'samisconceptionthatcatssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.Assummerwearsonyoumightseemoistpawprints,butasveterinarianKimberlyMaytoldTheWashingtonPost,“Anysecretions(分泌物)thereorfromtheirnose,mouth,ortonguearenotforsweating;they'reforprotectionandmoistureandareinsufficienttocooltheblood.”③Instead,catsrecreatethesweatingprocesswhichissimilartohuman'sviaevaporation(蒸發(fā))bygroomingthemselvesregularly.相反，貓通過定期梳理自己來重現(xiàn)出汗過程——這與人類的蒸發(fā)過程相似(蒸發(fā))。Thesaliva(唾液)fromtheirtonguesactslikesweatthatcoolstheirbodywhenitevaporateswhichiswhyyoucanalsohelpcoolyourcatdownbyusingadampwashclothtolightlywettheirfur.Inextremeweather,catswillalsopant,butunlikedogswhopantregularlytokeepthemselvescool,apantingcatisasignofmoredangerousoverheatingorotherseriousdiseases.85.Whyareshavedcamelsmentionedinthelastbutoneparagraph?為什么剃了毛的駱駝只出現(xiàn)在最后一段?A.Toshowthecamelsareresistanttoheat.為了證明駱駝是耐熱的。B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofthefurcoats.強(qiáng)調(diào)毛皮大衣的重要性。C.Toillustratethefurcoatsarehighlyevolved.為了說明皮毛是高度進(jìn)化的。D.Toprovethefurcoatsunnecessaryinsummer.為了證明皮衣在夏天是不必要的。⑥Furcoatsarehighlyevolvedinthewintertheykeepanimalswarm,butinthesummer,theyworkbothtoprotectdelicateskinfromthesunandslowdehydration,毛皮大衣是高度進(jìn)化的——在冬天，它們可以保暖，但在夏天，它們既可以保護(hù)嬌嫩的皮膚免受陽光的傷害，也可以減緩脫水，Jonesnotesthat,accordingtoresearch,shavedcamelsperformedworseinthedesertsthanthosewiththeirfurundamaged.86.What'sthemainideaofthearticle?這篇文章的主旨是什么?A.Changingpeople'swrongviewsoncats'cooling.改變?nèi)藗儗ω埥禍氐腻e誤看法。B.Tellingustohelpcatscoolthemselvesinsummer.告訴我們在夏天幫助貓降溫。C.Uncoveringthesecretsofcatscoolingthemselvesoff揭開貓咪降溫的秘密D.paringcatswithotheranimalsonkeepingcool.貓和其他動物在保持涼爽方面的比較⑦Butevenwiththesemethodsforkeepingcool,catsalsoneedtostayindoorstokeepfortable.但即使有這些保持涼爽的方法，貓也需要呆在室內(nèi)保持舒適Soeventhoughtheyevolvedfromwildancestorsandareabletotoughitout,leavetheairconditionerorafanonforyourcatswhenyougoout,andmakesuretoleavethemplentyofwater.【逐句翻譯】第一段：Whentemperaturesrise,humanssweat,dogspant(喘息),andcats..don'tmoveenoughtooverheat?氣溫升高時，人類會出汗，狗會喘氣(喘息)，而貓……運動量不夠會導(dǎo)致過熱?Well,partially.不完整的Cats,whichneedtomaintainaninternalbodytemperatureof101°Fto102F,haveseveralmethodsforkeepingcoolinswelteringweather.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾cats句意：貓需要保持體內(nèi)溫度在101華氏度到102華氏度之間，它們有幾種方法在悶熱的天氣里保持涼爽?！境V詞解析】Swelteringadj.悶熱的;熱得沒氣力的Wewereswelteringatthebeach.我們在沙灘上熱得難受.第二段：It'samisconceptionthatcatssweatthroughtheirpawstocoolthemselvesoff.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：itis...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句句意貓通過爪子出汗來降溫是一種誤解?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Pawsnoun.爪子Thedogpawedatmysleeve.狗一直撓我的衣袖。Assummerwearsonyoumightseemoistpawprints,butasveterinarianKimberlyMaytoldTheWashingtonPost,“Anysecretionsthereorfromtheirnose,mouth,ortonguearenotforsweating;they'reforprotectionandmoistureandareinsufficienttocooltheblood.”句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句句意：隨著夏天的過去，你可能會看到潮濕的爪印，但正如獸醫(yī)金伯利·梅告訴《華盛頓郵報》的那樣，“它們身上或鼻子、嘴巴或舌頭上的任何分泌物(分泌物)都不是用來出汗的;它們是用來保護(hù)和保濕的，不足以冷卻血液。”【超綱詞解析】Secretionn.[生]分泌;分泌物;藏匿，隱藏Additionally,themechanismofsecretionofHPOwasdetermined.這就提示我們,HPO可能同這些蛋白類似,具有其獨特的分泌機(jī)制.第三段Instead,catsrecreatethesweatingprocesswhichissimilartohuman'sviaevaporation(蒸發(fā))bygroomingthemselvesregularly.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾thesweatingprocess；by后接方式狀語句意：相反，貓通過定期梳理自己來重現(xiàn)出汗過程——這與人類的蒸發(fā)過程相似(蒸發(fā))?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Besimilarto...與…相似;類乎;類Withunderwaterkick,yourmovementshouldbesimilartoawave.在水下踢腿時,你的身體動態(tài)應(yīng)該如波浪一樣.Thesaliva(唾液)fromtheirtonguesactslikesweatthatcoolstheirbodywhenitevaporateswhichiswhyyoucanalsohelpcoolyourcatdownbyusingadampwashclothtolightlywettheirfur.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)定語從句；when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾sweat句意：它們舌頭上的唾液(唾液)就像汗水一樣，當(dāng)它蒸發(fā)時，會給它們的身體降溫——這就是為什么你也可以用一塊濕毛巾輕輕地打濕它們的皮毛來幫助你的貓降溫。Inextremeweather,catswillalsopant,butunlikedogswhopantregularlytokeepthemselvescool,apantingcatisasignofmoredangerousoverheatingorotherseriousdiseases.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾dogs句意：在極端的天氣里，貓也會喘氣，但不像狗經(jīng)常喘氣來保持涼爽，貓喘氣是更危險的過熱或其他嚴(yán)重疾病的征兆。第四段：Andifyou'retemptedtoshaveyourfurfriendtohelpkeephimcooldon't!如果你想給你的毛朋友剃毛，讓他保持涼爽——千萬不要!【真題必考詞匯】Betemptedto受誘惑做某事Somepeoplemaybetemptedtogiveuntruthfulanswers.有些人也許會不由得想要作出不實回答。第五段：“Furactsasathermalregulatortoslowdowntheprocessofheatabsorption,”JamesH.Jones,anexpertinparativeanimalexercisephysiologyandthermoregulationattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,toldTheWashingtonPost.加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校比較動物運動生理學(xué)和體溫調(diào)節(jié)專家詹姆斯·h·瓊斯在接受《華盛頓郵報》采訪時表示:“皮毛可以作為一種熱調(diào)節(jié)器，減緩熱量吸收的過程?！薄菊骖}必考詞匯】Slowdown（使）慢下來;（使）生產(chǎn)緩慢，（使）變得遲鈍Weturnedtoseetheapproachingcarslowdown.我們轉(zhuǎn)身看見駛近的車慢慢停下。第六段：Furcoatsarehighlyevolvedinthewintertheykeepanimalswarm,butinthesummer,theyworkbothtoprotectdelicateskinfromthesunandslowdehydration,Jonesnotesthat,accordingtoresearch,shavedcamelsperformedworseinthedesertsthanthosewiththeirfurundamaged.毛皮大衣是高度進(jìn)化的——在冬天，它們可以保暖，但在夏天，它們既可以保護(hù)嬌弱的皮膚免受陽光的傷害，也可以減緩脫水。瓊斯指出，根據(jù)研究，剃光了毛的駱駝在沙漠中的表現(xiàn)不如那些皮毛完好的駱駝?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Protectfrom保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)Workstoprotectfromdamagecausedbychlorine,saltwater,andthesun'sharmful